The History and Culture of Huanren Manchu Autonomous County

Koreans can not only sing and dance, but also love music and pay attention to dressing up. The Korean people are very clean and tidy, and they like to wear plain clothes in history, so they are called "people in white". The most striking feature of their clothes is that they are oblique, have no buttons, and are tied with long cloth belts. Korean clothing is slightly different according to age and gender. Korean men's trousers, trouser legs and crotch are quite big, which is most suitable for sitting cross-legged. Their trouser legs are tied with ribbons, and they like to wear colorful vests with buttons. They also need to wear robes when visiting relatives and friends. The coat is decorated with white cloth edges, which is not only beautiful, but also can be disassembled and washed frequently. The clothes are basically the same color. Clothes and trousers are mostly white, but some are gray and jade.

Nongle dance

Nongle dance is one of Korean folk dances, and it is actually a peasant dance, which is widely spread among Korean folk. Nongle dance is rooted in the Korean people. A long time ago, in places where Koreans lived in compact communities, there were their own farm music and dance performers. Before and after liberation, every village spontaneously organized a farm dance team. It is precisely because of the existence of these folk artists that agricultural music and dance can be passed down from generation to generation, with a long history, and finally become the representative and symbol of Korean folk dance.

A plucked stringed instrument used by the Korean nation.

Gayageum is the first traditional stringed instrument of Korean nationality, and it is a plucked instrument with strong national color. Its shape is similar to that of the Han musical instrument Guzheng.

long-drum dance

Long drum dance is one of the representative dances of Korean nationality, which is born out of the traditional "farm music dance". Long drums are divided into long drums, dance long drums, children's long drums and children's long drums. The shape is thick at both ends and thin in the middle. The diameter of the left drum is larger than that of the right drum 1 cm. The right drum skin is thin and the left drum skin is thick. In ancient times, drums were made of roe skin with thick drum skin on the left and thin drum skin on the right. The drum is made of wood, multilayer paper, thin iron and other materials. The drum has six shashi bronze faucet-shaped hooks, hook elastic rope elastic rope, made of three strands of real silk. Each drum is equipped with eight complete sets, that is, the leather sleeve for adjusting the drum rope.

Fan dance

Fan dance originated from traditional witchcraft and customs, and later developed into a form of performing dance. /kloc-In the late 5th century, organizations composed of vagrants who made a living by busking often performed various performances in villages, including "acrobatics on ropes" and "ground skills", which were called "singing and dancing", among which fan dances were often performed. Fan dance is performed by women, expressing inner joy through dancing fans. The action is generous, and the style of dancing fan and holding fan is organically integrated, giving people a beautiful and elegant feeling in the soothing rhythm and a cheerful and lively feeling in the brisk rhythm.

Elephant hat dance

The elephant hat dance is a unique skill performance. Dancers frequently shake their heads with the strength of their necks, making the ribbon of the elephant hat they wear rotate like the wind, and all kinds of dazzling and beautiful colored rings are painted on the dancers' heads and around their bodies like wheels. Elephant hats can be divided into three types according to the length of streamers, with the elder reaching 12m, the shortest being 1.5m, and the elephant hat in the middle. The action mode of the image-swinging cap has been renovated, including "flat image-swinging", "left and right image-swinging", "main image-swinging" and "exposed image-swinging". It can dance while swinging, and perform such difficult movements as "jumping up like-swinging" and "squatting down like-swinging".

Top water dance

Top water dance, named after the dancer dancing with a pitcher above his head, is a traditional dance performed by Korean women. Korean women are used to walking with utensils on their heads. During the transplanting and weeding season, women often carry drinking water or rice wine to the fields with pots on their heads. The top water dance was formed on the basis of this life custom, and once it was formed, it spread widely among the masses. In the early 1950s, top water dance was everywhere in Yanbian and became one of the most popular folk dances in the local area. The pitcher on the top of the dancer is a real thing in life. Later, in order to facilitate dancing, paper pot props were used to draw beautiful patterns on the surface, which was light and chic. With the change of props, dance movements also develop. The basic steps of top water dance are "next step", "treading waves" and "breaking steps", and the main actions are "a clear spring scooping water" and "jade finger marbles". Dance expresses inner joy and joyful feelings by simulating various movements in "March of the Top Jar", and the dance is relaxed and beautiful.

Knife dance

Knife dance is a dance evolved from sword dance. Knife dance, like sword dance, is magnificent, brave and vigorous and runs through the whole dance process. Dance reflects the brave, bold, smart and optimistic national spirit of the Korean people. The dance is both rigid and soft, thrilling and relaxed, and fast and slow are compatible. It rushes forward like a gust of wind, stabbing from left to right, and its movements are brisk and intense. The sound of "crack" and "crack" and the romantic dance state give people a strong sense of calling, which embodies the superb skills of Korean dance.

Tongxiao

Tongxiao is an important wind instrument in Korean national music, and it is also an alto instrument among bamboo wind instruments. Its length is 70 cm, its inner diameter is 2.5 cm and its outer diameter is 3.8 cm. The materials used to make this instrument are very exquisite. Most of them are high-quality bamboos grown in Fujian and Jiangxi for more than 3 years. They are made by cutting the hard knots from the first two knots to the seventh eight knots of bamboo roots. After the bamboo is selected, it is necessary to make a bamboo tube, bake it directly with fire to make it into a tube body, and then scribe and drill five sound holes, four sound holes in front, 1 sound hole in back, blow holes at the upper end, diaphragm holes at the lower end of the blow holes, and a bottom hole for adjusting pitch. A flute film made of reed film is attached to the diaphragm hole, and a diaphragm hole cover is arranged on the flute film. Drilling sound holes, tuning holes, winding and brushing oil require nine processes to complete the production.

erhu

Xiqin is a bowstring instrument that Korean people like to use. According to legend, it was created by the Xi tribe in the northeast of China in the Song Dynasty, hence the name. Xiqin can play all kinds of music flexibly, with cadence and continuity, and can vividly show various emotions, such as mood, mood, mood, mood, mood, mood, mood, mood, mood, mood, mood, mood, mood, mood, mood, mood, mood, mood, mood, mood, mood.

Korean marriage customs

In the old Korean marriage custom, men usually go to the woman's house first and marry an uncle. At that time, the groom rode to the woman's house accompanied by relatives and friends. The woman's family arranged marriage. The bride and groom first toasted each other across the table in the yard. Get married at my aunt's house that night. Usually only stay at the woman's house for one night, and take the bride back to the man's house the next day to hold ceremonies such as mutual worship. Other marriage details are basically the same as those of Han nationality and Manchu nationality.

Korean diet

Koreans' diet is mainly rice, and pickles such as soup, sauce and pickles are non-staple foods, which have their own unique dietary customs. Rice is mostly rice, and there are also two kinds of mixed rice and millet, as well as whole grains.

wrestling

Whenever there are various festivals or large-scale sports meetings, villages where Korean people live together will spontaneously hold sports competitions, and wrestling is one of the important events. The boys who participated in the wrestling events were tenacious and brave. The competition field is full of excitement and excitement, and the surrounding audience is also excited and passionate.

gangplank

Springboard is the favorite sport of Korean girls. The girls at both ends of the springboard stepped on the springboard, one after another, graceful, just like an aerial ballet, with a different interest. Springboard pays attention to a variety of skills and postures, including take-off and roll-off; There are jumping and bending, leg spreading, landing and upright movements; There is a posture of spreading your arms, spreading your legs and landing together. The springboard depends on the coordination of two people. Sometimes I dance and sing, one sings and the other sings. There are two kinds of competitions: higher than drawing lines and better than performing skills. Drawing lines is to compare the total length of drawing lines, and to decide the outcome by the length of drawing lines. Performances include iron rings, garlands and so on. And it is better than whose movements are the most up to standard, whose movements are difficult and whose movements are more beautiful.

play on the swing

Swing is a sport for Korean girls. Gorgeous dresses are like Cai Feng's wings, driving the breeze. From a distance, Korean girls with blue sky, green grass and heavy makeup are like flying butterflies, floating in the sky, like a flowing magnificent picture scroll. The large-scale swing competition is even more fascinating. I saw a drum hanging high in the air under the crowd. The girls on the swings swung high in the cheers of the onlookers, kicking drums in the air. Whoever beats drums more often will become the champion of the competition. The "drumming" drums flowing in the sky make people's blood boil and their hearts roll.

a rat race

Tug-of-war is also a folk game and sport that the Korean people like to show their collective wisdom and unity. The Korean people have a long history of holding tug-of-war among the people. Tug of war was popular as early as15th century. In the past, on the fifteenth day of the first month, people held a tug-of-war in the village. On this day, it was very lively early in the morning. Dozens of farmers in Fiona Fang organized their own agricultural bands and gathered in the tug-of-war field from all directions, singing and dancing. At noon, the able-bodied men of both sides carried ropes and entered the boundary line of the stadium to get ropes. Tug of war rope is divided into "male rope" and "female rope". When connecting, insert the tip of the male rope into the head of the female rope loop, and then insert a big wooden hairpin to fix it. With the referee's order, the audience was full of excitement and cheers. Thunder-like shouts and gongs and drums resounded through the sky. After the game, the winning players carried tug-of-war ropes and happily returned to the village with the help of the agricultural band. Men, women and children in the village sang and danced, lining the streets to welcome and celebrate the victory.

marriage customs

Marriage custom is the most important part of Korean family etiquette. In the past, the marriage customs were complex and diverse, but now they are gradually simplified with the changes of the times, but the content and procedures have not changed much. There are three procedures: lottery, coin-in, and wedding reception. Winning the lottery is engagement. Paying money means that the groom's family sends a bride price to the bride's family. Then there will be a "wedding reception", that is, a wedding.

funeral

Since ancient times, Koreans have regarded filial piety as the front line, so in funeral and sacrifice ceremonies, they have more thoroughly embodied the concept of ancestor worship than other ceremonies, and gradually formed funeral and sacrifice procedures.

Avoid the rope

Koreans attach great importance to the birth ceremony and regard it as the beginning ceremony of life, which is very particular. The birth etiquette of Korean people generally includes "avoiding rope", "hundred days" and "grasping the week". "Avoid rope" is the first item in fertility etiquette, which has strong national characteristics. Once the baby is born and landed, the family will hang a straw rope under their eaves, that is, a "taboo rope" to inform everyone that the baby is born and outsiders are not allowed to enter or leave. If it is a boy, put pepper or charcoal in the rope; If the baby is a girl, insert pine leaves and branches. If the child born at home is not the first child, then the sign on the "avoid rope" is not so strict. Some families have girls and red peppers to express their desire to have boys.

draw lots

"Catch the Week" is a one-year-old birthday ceremony that Koreans pay special attention to. On this day, the mother will dress the baby in elaborate national costumes to make it beautiful and lovely. If it is a boy, he should wear a colorful satin coat made of seven colors of satin, such as red, yellow, green, blue, gray, pink and white, with a towel around his head and a purse around his waist. If you are a girl, you should wear a colorful skirt.

Huajiayan

Since ancient times, Koreans have regarded respecting the elderly as an extremely important etiquette in family and even the whole social life. In daily life, we take good care of the elderly. On holidays, we congratulate and greet the elders at home in turn, and then greet and bless other elderly people in the village. Since 1982, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture has designated August 15 every year as the festival for the elderly, holding activities to respect the elderly, creating various conditions for the healthy and long life of the elderly, further carrying forward the custom of respecting the elderly and becoming the virtue of the whole society.

Manchu marriage customs

Manchu has also formed its own unique marriage customs in the long process of development, with rich connotations. Generally speaking, when Manchu people get married, the man chooses an auspicious day and negotiates with the woman. Finally, the son-in-law takes the gift to the woman's house and sends it to the woman's house on the same day. This is called a big gift or bride price. 65438+ 0 days before marriage, if the two families are far apart, the man should choose the nearest place to stay on behalf of the woman's family and call it the place to put it down. The woman's home is 1 day in advance, and the wife of relatives and friends will accompany the bride to the next place and deliver the dowry to the man's home.

Manchu customs and habits

China is an ancient civilization and a state of etiquette. The Chinese nation has always had a fine tradition of being polite and paying attention to etiquette. Manchu people attach great importance to etiquette and its role in life, and the etiquette they create, learn from and follow has distinctive national characteristics.

Manchu parenting customs

In the past, Manchu rural women used to roll up the bedding of the kang mat and spread a layer of grass on the kang before giving birth. Giving birth to a child on the grass is commonly known as becoming an outlaw. This habit is still maintained in some places today. In the past, if a boy was born, he would hang a small bow and an arrow at the gate, which meant that he hoped the child would become an excellent shooter when he grew up. If the baby is a girl, hang a red cloth to symbolize good luck. When the child is full moon, relatives and friends come to give gifts. For example, a long-life lock worn on the chest.

Manchu house bedroom

Most Manchu houses are five-purlin and four-mortar structures, with Huangshi core walls and straw houses mixed with mud inside and outside. Each plant has three rooms, followed by five rooms and four rooms, and the five rooms are mostly quadrangles. Generally, there are three rooms in the east, four rooms in the second room in the east and five rooms in the middle. Windows are two big fans, which can be opened very wide. Enough paper is usually pasted on the outside with Korean paper, and the kitchen is the door. Accommodation houses are generally big kangs in the north and south, and there is a connecting kang between the two kangs against the wall, commonly known as Wanzi Kang. Generally speaking, the living feature is that young and old share the same room, but sons should hang curtains when they get married and put them down when they sleep at night. Another feature is that each child's bedroom is usually nailed with two hooks on the roof beam or ceiling to hang the rocking car.

the costume of manchu

Manchu costumes have traditional characteristics, which are mainly reflected in four forms: cheongsam (that is, robe), mandarin jacket, vest and kuaku. Cheongsam can be worn by both men and women regardless of season. Mandarin jackets are worn by rich people with some status in spring, autumn and winter. A vest is a woman's coat. Old women mainly keep out the cold, while young women pay attention to texture, style, pattern and color to set off the beauty of their bodies. Pants are cotton trousers without waist, which are fixed with two straps, and are mostly worn by elderly women in cold weather. The difference between Manchu people wearing pants and their own people is that the leg straps that must be tied are generally white or green, yellow and so on. Much longer than women's, especially men who go up and down the mountain.

Manchu diet

chafing dish

Rinsing hot pot is the most typical Manchu diet. Whether it is the original Manchu hot pot or the modern hot pot that can be seen everywhere in China today, people will think of crackling forest bonfires, creaking small hanging pots, the smell of meat and wine that pervades the valley, and the laughter and laughter of Manchu ancestors echoing in Lin Mang. Manchu is the ancestor of hot pot, which is now popular in the east, west, north and south. How many family banquets, how many relatives and friends get together, and how many guests are boiling their warmth and true feelings in this red charcoal fire.

Sausage with white meat and Chinese sauerkraut

White meat, sauerkraut and blood sausage are traditional Manchu foods, which are widely loved by people of all ethnic groups. It is also a main course for urban and rural residents to entertain relatives and friends after killing Year Pig. Pork belly, cut into thin slices, add water to the pot with chopped sauerkraut, and add seasoning. After the pot is boiled, add the blood sausage that has been poured, cooked and cut into small pieces, and it becomes a dish. This dish is fragrant but not greasy and has high nutritional value.

Stewed chicken with rhubarb rice

Stewed chicken with rhubarb was a delicacy of Manchu in Huanren rural area in the past. In the old society, there was a shortage of rice, and there was a shortage of food for rural guests on weekdays. Occasionally, guests came and cooked chicken stew with yellow rice, which was the best meal. Today, in rural areas where rice is not produced, this kind of food is still delicious for guests.

Sticking fire

Sticky fire, also known as sticky dry food, is a traditional pasta of Manchu people. Every winter, Manchu families usually steam several cauldrons of this sticky bean bag, freeze it and take it with them. It is made of glutinous rice, yellow rice and yellow rice mixed with other rice dregs, soaked and fermented, washed, ground into sticky noodles with water, dried, divided into small balls, pressed into flour cakes, with red beans and sugar bean paste sandwiched between them, pressed into small thick cakes, and cooked in a pot. This kind of cake has sticky skin, sweet and loose stuffing and rich nutrition, and is the staple food of people in winter and spring. This steamed cake is called Man Zi by Manchu people. It is not only delicious, but also beautiful with red beans and red dates.

sour soup

Originally Manchu traditional cuisine. After the new grain matures in autumn, almost every family in the countryside soaks sour soup. The method is to soak the whole corn in water, rinse it with clear water after fermentation, remove the sour taste, grind it into water surface, filter off the residue skin and squeeze out excess water, which is noodle soup. When eating, boil the water in the pot, put the special soup cover on the thumb of the left hand, hold a ball of noodle soup in the left hand and squeeze it in the right hand. The extruded soup strips are directly boiled in the pot, taken out of the bowl and mixed with seasonings such as meat sauce, egg sauce or chopped green onion sauce. Sour soup is delicious, smooth, digestible and nutritious.

Pineapple leaf cake

In summer, corn residue is soaked, fermented, washed with water to remove the sour taste, ground into noodle soup with water, dried and made into small pancakes, with mixed vegetable stuffing in the middle, wrapped in fresh oak leaves and steamed in a pot. Pineapple leaf cake, which tastes fragrant, oily but not greasy, is a traditional Manchu food.

Suye dry food

Using glutinous rice or rhubarb rice as the main material, after soaking and fermenting rice, wash it with water to remove the sour taste, add water to make it into water surface, spread it dry, slice it into pancakes, add sugar bean paste in the middle, wrap it into a big jiaozi shape, wrap it with fresh perilla leaves, and steam it in a pot. Perilla leaf dry food is sticky and delicate, with the fragrance of Perilla leaf.

Manchu entertainment

Manchu is a fishing and hunting nation, and he has many recreational activities. Entertainment is a way of life and a culture. It is both entertainment, fitness and confrontation.

Galahad

Garaha is a game that Manchu girls love to play, that is, catching the abduction. Crutches are usually made of relatively small joint bones of animals such as pigs, sheep or deer. Manchu girls can grasp and throw them around, exercise their dexterity and do needlework well. Later, this kind of game is also very common among Han girls.

The old harrier catches the chicken.

The old harrier catches the chicken. The game is like this: some children (regardless of boys and girls) line up, one pulling a back skirt and pretending to be chickens. The first one in the front row dressed as an old hen, and the other child was alone in front of the queue, dressed as an old kite. At the beginning of the game, the old kite pretended to catch the chicken and grabbed it back and forth. The old hen opened her arms (wings) to dodge and beat the old kite to protect the chicken from being caught. Every time the old kite catches a chicken, it pretends to collect firewood and cook it, and then lets the caught children run around with him on their backs. Repeat this until all the chickens are caught.

Skating car

Skating car, one-legged donkey, roller skates. Generally, it is an ice game tool made of wooden boards, mostly for boys.

Xuefangpo

Snow slope, snow slope is mostly a game played by little boys. After it snowed in winter, groups of boys pulled sledges (sledges made of wood) and climbed to the top of the hillside. Then the boy with a head swings, sits on it and releases it to the lower side according to the steepness and smoothness of the snow slope. Because the speed is too fast, it often makes people upset, so I climb up for a while and put it down for a while.

Wheel ice

Wheeled ice, every year on the night of the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month, groups of Manchu women and children roll back and forth on the ice of rivers and lakes. Read while rolling: wheeled ice, wheeled ocean, no back pain, no leg pain. At the same time, put a piece of crushed ice in your mouth and take it home to the elderly and other relatives at home, commonly known as removing bad luck and curing all diseases. When the wheels are on the ice, women and children laugh and play freely in the moonlight and bright ice. The forms can be said to be rich and varied, and the atmosphere is very warm.

Walking in the snow

Manchu girls are all outdoors, and they also have their own favorite games-walking in the snow, commonly known as walking in all diseases. Manchu girls usually do a lot of needlework. For example, cheongsam should be inlaid with 18 pieces. Her flag silk flower is very big, and her shoes are beautifully embroidered. In winter, because the snow is particularly thick, I hope people can see her embroidered shoes I put a flowerpot bottom under my shoes and put it on the snow, so that I can see the beautiful embroidery of my shoes without getting dirty. One is to show my embroidery skills, the other is to show my posture, and the third is to show my physical strength.

Bean monster

Boys are willing to play a game called Duguai, also called single-player cloth library, which means wrestling in Manchu, which is both physical confrontation and friendship exchange; Many people make it easy. One person carries another person and fights with another group, which is also commonly known as riding a horse. Manchu children call this a double cloth library. There is also a three-person tour called three-person Buku.

Ice gyro

This activity is mostly a boy's ice game. It is a top shape, and the flat top is cut from wood blocks. It is quite naive to put the tip of the ice tank down on the ice and whip it with a fine whip at the right time to make the ice tank rotate on the ice.

Paomacheng

Happy Valley means that the participants are arm in arm in two rows, face to face, and the number is equal. If the siege party breaks through the queue of the defenders, it can bring one of the defenders back to its own side to become the attacker, and then the defenders attack, and finally judge the outcome by the number of people. This can not only exercise children's dauntless spirit, enhance their physique, but also experience the scene of shouting on the ancient battlefield.

Pearl ball

Pearl balls are also called pearl picking. The game is divided into three areas. The first central area is called the water area, where pearl pickers snatch pearls from each other. The second area is called the clam area, and he was prevented from throwing this pearl out with the clams. The third district is called Hu Wei District, which means "boat" in Manchu. A person with a net on it is also called a copybook. After throwing it, he tried to avoid the clam and copied the ball, and each ball scored.

Manchu funeral sacrifice custom

Although the funeral customs of Manchu have changed a lot compared with the past, in some areas where Manchu people live in compact communities, some past funeral customs still exist, such as directions, reporting to temples, crying nine times and giving wallets. Nowadays, after death, there is still the custom of mourning for three days in some places, and children, their close relatives and younger generations should wear mourning clothes and black veil as a memorial.