The history of trade development in China!

The following is the history of trade development in China after 1949

After the founding of the People's Republic of China*** and the State of China in 1949, it adhered to the principle of independence and self-reliance, and gradually carried out foreign economic and trade exchanges, but it was constrained by the factors of the international political environment at that time and the domestic planned economic system, and the development of foreign trade was relatively slow.

In 1978, China entered a new period of reform and opening up. Vigorously developing foreign trade became an important way for China to accelerate modernization, change its backwardness, promote economic development and improve its comprehensive national strength.

Over the past 30 years, China has taken advantage of the opportunities arising from the longer-term prosperity of the world economy and the deepening development of economic globalization to expand its openness to the outside world, attract and utilize foreign investment, introduce advanced technologies, transform and upgrade its domestic industries, and realize the leapfrog development of foreign trade by comprehensively participating in the international division of labor and competition. The total volume of trade in goods has become one of the world's largest.

In 1978, China's total import and export of goods amounted to only 20.6 billion U.S. dollars, ranking 32nd in the world's trade in goods and accounting for less than 1 percent of the world's total trade in goods.

In 2010, the total import and export of goods in China amounted to 2,974 billion U.S. dollars, 143 times higher than that of 1978, with an average annual growth rate of 16.8 percent. Among them, total exports amounted to 157.78 billion U.S. dollars, with an average annual growth rate of 17.2 percent, while total imports amounted to 139.62 billion U.S. dollars, with an average annual growth rate of 16.4 percent.

China's export commodity structure in the 1980s realized the transformation from primary products to industrial manufactured products, and in the 1990s realized the transformation from light and textile products to electromechanical products, and since entering the new century, the proportion of high-tech products exported, represented by electronics and information technology, has been expanding.

The 1980s to the beginning of this century, China's processing trade flourished, becoming half of foreign trade. In the development of China's foreign trade, foreign-invested enterprises and processing trade have played a very important role. An all-round and diversified import and export market pattern was formed.

After the reform and opening up, China has developed foreign trade in an all-round way, and established trade relations with the vast majority of countries and regions in the world. Trade partners have grown from dozens of countries and regions in 1978 to 231 countries and regions at present. The European Union, the United States, ASEAN, Japan and the BRICS countries have become China's major trading partners.

From 2005 to 2010, the proportion of China's trade in goods with ASEAN increased from 9.2% to 9.8%, the proportion of trade in goods with other BRICS countries increased from 4.9% to 6.9%, and the proportion of trade in goods with Latin America and Africa increased from 3.5% and 2.8% to 6.2% and 4.3%, respectively. The international competitiveness of trade in services is increasing.

From 2001 to 2010, China's total trade in services (excluding government services) increased from 71.9 billion U.S. dollars to 362.4 billion U.S. dollars, more than four times.

China's service trade exports in the world's service trade exports increased from 2.4% to 4.6%, amounting to US$170.2 billion in 2010, rising from the world's 12th to 4th place; the proportion of service trade imports increased from 2.6% to 5.5%, amounting to US$192.2 billion in 2010, rising from the world's 10th to 3rd place.

The development of foreign trade has given a strong impetus to China's modernization, and China has grown into an open economy. Participation in the international division of labor and competition, the introduction of advanced technology, equipment and management, and the utilization of foreign direct investment have greatly promoted China's technological progress and industrial upgrading, and improved the management level of enterprises and market competitiveness.

The rapid development and expansion of processing trade has enabled China to give full play to its comparative advantage of abundant labor force, and accelerated the process of industrialization and urbanization in China. Foreign trade has directly led to the employment of more than 80 million people, more than 60% of whom are from rural areas, and the income and life of the employed have been significantly improved. Together with domestic investment and consumption, foreign trade has become one of the three engines of China's economic growth.

The historic progress of China's foreign trade is closely linked to the development and change of the international and domestic situation. around the 1980s, peace and development became the theme of the times. As economic globalization continued to advance, the flow and allocation of capital, technology, products, markets, resources, labor and other factors became more active around the world.

The Chinese government followed the trend of the times, centered on economic construction, implemented reform and opening-up, developed economic and technical cooperation with other countries around the world, actively and reasonably utilized foreign investment effectively, gave full play to its comparative advantages, promoted the deepening of the division of labor in the international industrial chain, and created favorable conditions for the development of foreign trade.

In this process, foreign enterprises, especially multinational corporations from developed countries, have gained a large number of investment opportunities in China, and have realized the value-added of their capital, technology, management experience, sales channels and other factors, sharing the fruits of China's rapid economic growth. The development of China's foreign trade has benefited from reform and opening up, economic globalization, and adherence to the path of mutually beneficial cooperation***win.

China's development cannot be separated from the world, and the prosperity and stability of the world cannot be separated from China.

1, efforts to Cultivate comprehensive competitive advantages in foreign trade development.

In the face of rising labor costs in recent years, the prices of resources and energy and other factors of production have risen sharply, and the traditional low-cost advantage of the export industry has weakened considerably, the Chinese government has put forward the strategic goal of transforming foreign trade from crude development to intensive development.

Continuing to expand the opening up of the service industry to the outside world, promoting the development of service outsourcing, and striving to expand the export of emerging services. Fiscal taxation, finance and insurance, foreign exchange management, customs clearance, inspection and quarantine, logistics and transportation will all further improve and implement relevant national policies, accelerate trade and investment facilitation, and strive to promote the stable and healthy development of foreign trade.

2. Accelerating energy conservation and emission reduction in the development of foreign trade.

As early as 1994, the Chinese government formulated and published "China's Agenda 21 - White Paper on China's Population, Environment and Development in the 21st Century", which incorporated energy conservation and emission reduction into national economic and social development goals. "Both the 11th Five-Year Plan and the 12th Five-Year Plan make reducing energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission intensity binding targets.

Most import and export enterprises of a certain scale have already been certified to ISO14000 and other standards related to environmental protection. China will strive to adjust its economic and industrial structure, accelerate the application of advanced energy-saving and environmental protection technologies, and promote a more coordinated development of foreign trade with resource conservation and environmental protection.

3. Strengthen the protection of trade-related intellectual property rights.

In 2008, China formulated the Outline of the National Intellectual Property Strategy, elevating the protection of intellectual property rights to the level of national strategy and promoting it. 2006 to 2011, China promulgated the China Action Plan for the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights for six consecutive years, and implemented more than 1,000 specific measures in a wide range of areas, including legislation, law enforcement, education and training, cultural propaganda and foreign exchanges.

Currently, strengthening the protection of trade-related intellectual property rights (TRIPs) is a challenge faced by all countries in the world***, and it has become a trend in the world to strengthen dialog and cooperation in the protection of intellectual property rights. The Chinese government will strengthen IPR exchanges and cooperation with other countries and regions of the world under the framework of relevant international conventions and their respective laws to ****together promote the healthy development of the cause of IPR.

Baidu Encyclopedia-China's Foreign Trade