Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional customs - Genetic composition

Genetic composition

In our study, work and life, we will always come into contact with writing. Writing needs a complete text structure, so we must avoid endless writing. You always have no way to write a composition? The following is my carefully arranged and inherited composition. Welcome to read the collection.

Passing on the composition 1 It is really not easy for a long-standing traditional culture to be passed down to today after thousands of years of baptism. The inheritance of traditional culture cannot be separated from the protection of such a group of people.

By the side of the mountain pond, the rain drops on the bluestone board, which seems to have passed through the Millennium and tells the vicissitudes of historical changes. In such a drizzling season, I met an embroidered mother and heard her tell such a story.

On the Shantang River, there is a little girl playing on the Wupeng boat. She is the daughter of the owner of Suzhou embroidery shop on the riverside. She was fascinated by Suzhou embroidery since she was a child, and she pestered her mother to teach her Suzhou embroidery. Mom wouldn't budge and began to teach her. Who knows, her extraordinary talent for Su embroidery surprised her mother. Since then, she has practiced Su embroidery every day, no matter how difficult it is. She never appeared on the awning boat on the river again. I don't know how many times her fingers have been pricked by needles and how many cocoons have formed.

When she grew up, she took over this Suzhou embroidery shop. Her exquisite embroidery skills and whimsical creativity keep customers in the store in an endless stream. On the Shantang River, Wu Peng ships pass by, and the ripples seem to never stop.

However, the good times did not last long. With the development of industry, modern handicrafts emerge one after another, and the business in her shop is becoming more and more deserted. All the embroidered mothers in the shop resigned and found another job. Ships in Wu Peng have almost disappeared, and there are almost no ripples on the river. Someone passed by the Suzhou embroidery shop and saw the door open. The scarlet paint on the door had already faded its original luster. Crossing the bluestone threshold that has been mottled by heavy rain, I saw a dazzling array of embroidery in the store, but there were few customers in the store. The man advised her to give up before it was too late. She shook her head and went on with her sewing.

When I met her, she had embroidered Suzhou embroidery for nearly half a century. These decades have passed so fast, everything around has changed, but what remains unchanged is her initial heart. Although it is really not easy to protect Su embroidery, she still maintains her insistence on Su embroidery and continues this feeling to this day.

With a faint smile on her face, she said, "Over the years, I have always had a wish to pass this craft on to the next generation."

When I walked out of Suzhou embroidery shop and looked at the distance quietly, the rain dripped on the bluestone steps, and there was a faint rain fog. Her words always lingered in my ears. ......

Long-standing traditional culture has experienced wind and rain changes. Even if a breeze blows on the worn-out cicada-thin rice paper, it is so easy to disappear. China traditional culture is the treasure of the Chinese nation and the pride of Chinese sons and daughters. Even if the process of protection is really not easy, each of us has the responsibility to inherit and carry forward, so that it will continue to glow with brilliant light.

From Yanhuang to Ming and Qing Dynasties, for thousands of years, agriculture was the foundation and diet was the focus. "Food is the most important thing for the people" is a portrayal. Few nations in the world can match the Chinese people's emphasis on diet and their investment in food. Every detail in life shows China's long tradition of food culture.

On the meat shelf in the supermarket, you can see tenderloin, hind leg meat, front leg meat, pork belly, front elbow and back elbow ... If you change to another shelf, you will find tripe, breast meat, steak and calf ... At this time, you can't help but admire that you can distinguish a pig from a cow with such knowledge and level.

Not simple!

China's food culture has a long history. After the stone mill was established in the Neolithic Age, pasta was eaten. Later, in the Zhou Dynasty, people had mastered the cooking skills of meat. From the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Qin Dynasty, China's four major cuisines-Shandong Cuisine, Jiangsu Cuisine, Guangdong Cuisine and Sichuan Cuisine-were also formed one after another. It can be said that China people's talent in diet is absolutely unparalleled in ancient and modern times.

"In terms of diet, China people have made unparalleled achievements: unparalleled maintenance of social balance and long-term support for the largest population in the world." Indeed, for ancient China with low productivity and the largest population in the world, diet has always been a problem. So people try their best to make full use of ingredients and try their best to feed more people with the least food. But China people will improve their lives through innovation: everyone eats, why not eat delicious food? From this, the food culture was formed and has been passed down to this day.

However, China's long-standing gourmet culture inherits not only delicious food, but also a kind of spirit, a national spirit of taking pains, making bold innovations and yearning for beauty. If the broad masses of working people do not long for food and clothing and delicious food, and if they do not boldly innovate and turn decay into magic, how can they make a cabbage into eight dishes? How is it possible to make a state banquet and get a full table of banquets praised by the world! How is it possible to pass through thousands of years of time and space and inherit the food culture thousands of years ago?

We should inherit the Chinese nation's food culture and this spirit of hard work and innovation. It makes our Chinese cuisine prosperous, because it is also an important part of the Chinese national spirit. Without it, our national spirit will no longer be complete. Let's cherish food, thank food, and let this food culture with ancient history and spirit pass on.

Filial piety is not only a virtue, but also a culture. Filial piety culture is an important part of China's traditional cultural treasure house.

Throughout the ages, filial piety culture has played a very important role in carrying forward the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, maintaining family harmony, enhancing national unity and stabilizing society. "I am old and people are old; Young and frivolous, and young people. " "The thread in the hand of a kind-hearted mother makes clothes for her wayward son." "Only an inch of long grass is a little affectionate, and it is rewarded with three spring rays." "Ruthlessness is not necessarily a hero. How can Reiko Kobayakawa not be a husband?" ..... These well-known sayings are to educate us to be filial to our parents and relatives, and to be filial and caring to our parents and relatives from an early age. We almost grew up with these famous sayings.

When we were young, we must think: when we grow up, we must be kind to our parents and relatives, but now some people in society are behaving horribly. Not long ago, I saw a sad and indignant news on the internet: a mother raised her son alone. When her son grew up, she thought her mother was in the way and swept her out of the house. No matter whether it is windy or rainy, the old mother can only sleep on the street alone and beg for a living. After reading it, I was very angry: how did this happen? It's better to have such a son than nothing, which simply breaks the bottom line of being a man. This man's behavior is simply an insult to our Chinese nation, which has always been known for its filial piety! Of course, there are many people with filial piety in the world. Maybe you will feel much better after reading the following story. Sun Pengmei, an ordinary rural woman, touched thousands of Shandong people in Qian Qian because of her filial piety. When she first married her husband, he was often ill and couldn't take care of himself. My mother-in-law is old, and since then all the burdens in the family have fallen on her alone. Whenever she finished her farm work, she hurried home, knowing that her elderly mother-in-law would be very worried. In this way, day after day, year after year, she took care of her elderly mother-in-law and sick husband without any regrets, and supported a rain or shine home.

Now, she takes good care of her mother-in-law and her husband's illness has improved. When interviewed by reporters, her face was filled with a beautiful smile. This smile, this filial piety, who can not be moved? Filial piety to our loved ones also requires us to pass on the beauty and love from generation to generation. In normal life, we can also try our best to do something for our parents: for example, help our parents do more housework, rub their backs and shoulders, and don't let their parents worry ... this is what every child should do. Filial piety and love for parents, with practical actions to inherit, inherit a beauty and love, inherit this great traditional national culture, arouse everyone's filial piety!

Bright crystal lamps with a little colorful light are hung on the wavy ceiling overhead, surrounded by antique wood products, without much luxurious decoration. The family talked and laughed, waiting for the carefully selected food to be served. Today, we take time to have dinner together to make up for the reunion atmosphere that we should enjoy every day.

At the dinner table, I picked up chopsticks and tasted them carefully, with a satisfied smile on my face. We ate and talked, and my eyes inadvertently swept my father. I saw him staring at me with thick black eyebrows and wrinkled eyes, raising his chin and gesturing to me with his lips. Amid all the noise, he looked very uneasy. "Why are you making old mistakes again?" How many times have I told you, don't pout when you eat with a bowl! "My father may not look angry in public. He picked up a small glass, took a sip of liquor, picked up a peanut with chopsticks and threw it into his mouth, which is often a sign of his concern. Sure enough, my father shook his head slightly and sighed in a voice that was not enough for others to hear: "Hey, when can I grow up?" "When can I have a long memory?"

I thought that because of a mistake I didn't care about, my father shouldn't care too much, but I didn't know that this time I touched my father's bottom line.

When I got home, I sat on the carpet, quietly listening to my father's teaching: "On Mencius Li Lou" said: "Leave the building bright, but lose the child bright. If you don't follow the rules, you are not Fiona Fang. Moment is not right, not square; If the rules are not correct, they cannot be round. " Obedience is not only when eating, but also when doing anything. "It rained in Mao Mao outside the window that night, and my father's words were like falling raindrops, constantly awakening my soul. At this time, he passed on the family style of "keeping the present" to me.

Since then, every time I eat, I will think of my father's words and always pay attention to my behavior.

A few years ago, I went out to eat with my mother. When I heard the children "playing music" at dinner, I couldn't help but frown. This sound is too destructive to the mood of eating. I am grateful to remember my father's teachings. He taught me to obey the rules more for others. Although these rules are small, they always affect others without a shadow. People always think that details will not affect anything, so there is no need to care. Actually, it's just the opposite. One less nut will cause the launch of the spacecraft to fail; One less steel bar will cause a building to collapse; Lack of good family traditions will make a person's life no longer perfect.

"Five-inch square, the square of the world", the vastness of the sky, the vastness of the land and the pulse of home are all preserved because of its inheritance.

China culture is profound and has a long history. Now, who can pick it up?

A person would rather be short of material things than empty of spirit. Spiritual emptiness will lead to the dissociation of the soul. People without spirit are terrible. They blindly pursue money, fame and fortune without any thoughts, just like a puppet wandering around the world.

With the progress of society, the development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the former residences of celebrities have been demolished repeatedly. The brutal demolition of historic buildings is a kind of "cultural suicide". Dan Jixiang, director of the State Bureau of Culture, has repeatedly pointed out that many cities have changed beyond recognition under the slogan of "old city reconstruction" and "dangerous building reconstruction". As a result, the "one side of a thousand cities" after the transformation has become increasingly serious. Many cities even have souvenirs, and sometimes the streets are full of mahjong tiles and snuff bottles. Lack of development of local cultural resources and choice of historical elements. It makes it difficult to express regionality and difference. If a city loses its memory, it can't tell the future. The old city is the memory of the city, the culture of the city, the story in the building, bearing many historical memories, and the symbol and symbol of the city. We pursue prosperity, but we should not destroy memories and forget the past. Without quadrangles and hutongs, Beijing will no longer be a complete Beijing. "Demolition" of the garden, Suzhou is like a bird without food, it is difficult to enjoy itself and fly freely. Blindly pursuing "fashion" stifles the original essence, which is undoubtedly putting the cart before the horse. What really shocks people is not the magnificent architecture, but the culture and spirit. So, keep the old city, keep the memory, and keep the hearts of the people!

Therefore, people should inherit China culture!

In order to carry forward and embody the excellent Chinese traditional culture, the National Museum of China held the inauguration ceremony of Confucius statue in the North Gate Square on 1+ 1 morning. This reflects the country's attention to Confucianism and respect for Mr. Kong Lao. To some extent, under the influence of traditional culture, the statue of Confucius is helpful to carry forward and inherit China culture. But at the same time, the inheritance of China culture can be solved not only by erecting a statue of Confucius, but also by more ways. Secondly, there are too many cultural elements in China to generalize Confucian culture and ignore others. Therefore, the inheritance of China culture should be carried out in all directions and through multiple channels.

Inheritance should be a beautiful tradition of China people. Pass on good spiritual culture from generation to generation, and one generation affects another, which is the meaning of inheritance.

In order to avoid the loneliness of Chinese characters, the upsurge of coldly looking at Chinese studies has intensified, and the tragedy of South Korea's victory in the dispute over the application for the Dragon Boat Festival between China and South Korea has occurred from time to time.

Please join hands with the people of the whole country to inherit China culture!

Genetic composition 6 was when I was a freshman and she was a senior. She is the only mistress in the whole voice and the chief, but I don't like her very much, unlike other people in the same band who regard her as an idol.

There are two reasons: first, she doesn't rehearse carefully, often falls asleep continuously and yawns at the piano. Fortunately, when she has a performance task, she can sit up from the stool like a rabbit, as if she were asleep and her ears were always awake; Second, she was late for rehearsal. No matter how important the rehearsal is, she always drags her schoolbag and sweats into the already quiet rehearsal hall around five o'clock, or rushes between China Soft Qin Liu and percussion S0 10, or suddenly shouts "Report!" At the door when teacher training is booming. Other things make me hate her to the point of gnashing my teeth. It seems that I can rehearse, sleep late and criticize teachers when I am a few years older than us. How can such a person be the head of an orchestra? So I secretly competed with her and practiced for several hours every day.

At that time, the first grade classroom was on this side of the playground and the third grade was on that side, so I didn't know much about the third grade, and she didn't often complain about her studies with me, so I didn't understand her difficulties until the third grade.

It's the third grade, and I took her place as I wished. But a day's hard work and long-distance running made me fight with my eyelids during rehearsal. I often miss a few bars because I am eager to close my eyes for a few more seconds by leaning on the piano bar. Looking back at her struggling in sleepiness at that time, even with her eyes closed, she was always nervous and ready. I suddenly had the motivation to learn from her, so I worked hard and played one song after another like her at that time. After the exam in June, the class time was delayed until five o'clock in the afternoon. I didn't eat or drink, and my eyes were blurred. At that time, I played one song after another like a knife. The monthly exam was over, and the class time was delayed until five o'clock, so I didn't eat. Like her, I crossed the playground as quickly as possible, got in place as soon as possible, and practiced until seven o'clock in the evening. I covered my aching stomach and understood that she was not easy at that time. But as a member of the band, I hung on hungry day after day, just like her at that time.

On the third day, I realized how difficult it was to reach her level and how great it was to persist. Sometimes when I go home with my piano on my back after rehearsal, I always hear my junior in Grade Two staying in the rehearsal room to practice the piano, as if I had seen myself in the past. I said to myself in my heart, "Come on! You can do it! "

I hope that after I graduate, other people, the younger generation with bands, can do their best to pass on this struggle in the busy third grade, just like my senior sister and I.

Continuous Composition 7 Up and down for 5,000 years, China walked all the way, stepping on a profound cultural heritage. But today, when it comes to China's traditional etiquette, most people don't have a clear concept, and even the humanization of this traditional etiquette is out of date. Therefore, China's etiquette culture is suffering from unprecedented neglect and disdain.

However, the traditional etiquette culture of the Chinese nation is the crystallization of China people's practice of dealing with interpersonal relations for thousands of years, and it is the norm of interpersonal behavior.

Shi Yang and his classmate You Zuo went to the teacher's house to ask the correct answer. It was the middle of winter and it was freezing. When I came to the Cheng family, it happened that Mr. Wang was sitting on the side of the road meditating to recuperate. Shi Yang and his wife didn't dare to disturb the teacher, so they stood respectfully outside the door, waiting for Mr. Wang to wake up for a long time. When Cheng woke up, he found himself standing in the snow and saw her covered in snow from the window. It has snowed for more than a foot. Since then, the story of "Chengmen Sydney" has become a beautiful talk of respecting teachers and attaching importance to education forever.

Etiquette is self-discipline, being a citizen is a norm, and it is a respect for others. The ancients said, "If you don't learn etiquette, you won't stand.". Civilized etiquette is not only the embodiment of personal quality and education, but also the embodiment of personal morality and social morality.

When Huang Xiang was only nine years old in the Eastern Han Dynasty, she knew how to respect the old and love the young, and to be filial to her parents. In the cold winter, warm your parents' quilts with your body, and then let your parents sleep peacefully; In hot summer, use a fan to cool parents and repel mosquitoes, and serve their parents to sleep peacefully. Huang Xiang Warm Seats is a traditional filial piety etiquette in China, honoring parents and starting from small things.

In the past century, due to various reasons, some excellent ethics have been destroyed to varying degrees. Nowadays, people have a stronger economic foundation for filial piety to the elderly than in the past, and their hearts are gone. Mention honor to parents, not powerless, but powerful and unintentional.

During the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty, Huilong Kingdom in Xicheng was a vassal state of the Tang Dynasty. Once, in order to show its friendship with the Tang Dynasty, Huilongguo sent messengers to meet the king of the Tang Dynasty, the most precious of which was the white swan. On the way, the white swan doesn't want to fly away. The messenger only plucked a few goose feathers, but failed to catch the white swan. The messenger gave the goose feather to Emperor Taizong with trepidation. Tang Daizong didn't blame him, but felt that he was loyal and honest and didn't disgrace his mission. Since then, the story of "a thousand miles to send goose feathers, courtesy is light and affection is heavy" has spread.

In the revolutionary course of our country, there is such a soldier in the national army who wrote a great historical song in just over 20 years-he is Lei Feng.

Lei Feng, a humble name, has an earth-shattering and touching story. He once warned himself to serve the people in obscurity with the phrase "limited life is devoted to serving the people infinitely". His spirit was honored as "Lei Feng Spirit" by later generations, and "Lei Feng Spirit" is also a symbol of the traditional virtues of our Chinese nation. Many people learn from his great spirit and deserve to be called "living Lei Feng" in our real society.

There are also many people like Lei Feng around us. Let's talk about the news broadcast some time ago. The news is related to a group of young female nurses. On the same day, when these girls got off the bus, they saw a group of people looking at things. They rushed forward at once. When they separated the crowd, a dying old man lay in the middle. Although everyone saw the old man lying on the ground struggling and knew that he needed help, no one dared to come forward to help. They all stood far away, looking at the old man who was in urgent need of help, for fear that he would admit his mistake. I think, at this moment, the old man's heart must be cooled by the indifference of the world. However, after seeing this, these young girls, regardless of the willy-nilly, immediately rushed forward to treat the elderly. At this moment, passers-by nearby also called to join the rescue team, and some took out their mobile phones and dialed120; Some came forward to help nurses rescue; Others called on people around them to come and help. Soon 120 ambulance arrived and carried the old man into the car. Just when everyone wanted to see the enthusiastic people, the nurses left. Later, when the news TV station interviewed them, they said to everyone, "It is right to help others. These are all easy. This is nothing. " However, despite these efforts, in today's indifferent society, few people have achieved it. Most people choose to watch silently, and only a handful of people consciously help others.

Lei Feng spirit, a powerful word, inspires our future generations to advance on the ideological and moral road. We can't let the spirit of Lei Feng disappear in the long history of China. We should let the spirit of Lei Feng be passed down from generation to generation. Let our vast China embark on the road of enriching the country and strengthening the people; Let our people live an ideal well-off life.

A century-old culture of a nation is often engraved in the souls of several generations of families and passed down from generation to generation with the continuation of the nation. It is like a bright lamp, illuminating the way forward from generation to generation.

My father often talks about his father, which is my grandfather. He is an industrious farmer. Although he has been a farmer all his life, he has a traditional fine quality-being kind to others.

My father pointed to a terraced field in the back hill and told me that it was all cultivated by my grandfather with hard-working hands and later distributed to several poor neighbors.

I often marvel at the treatment my father gives employees. In contrast, I found that other similar enterprises give employees much lower treatment. My father told me that we should consider others and they should make a living.

I can't understand these behaviors of the father and son, just as I can't understand how I got here at that time. Then I found that several of my uncles also have such characteristics.

Why didn't I pass it on? I think.

I took the bus with my classmates after school that day. The bus was so crowded that we finally got into a bus with a place to stand, and everyone in the station swarmed. That classmate ran into other people who wanted to grab the position and rushed up, shouting "hurry up!" " "I just gave a wry smile. I watched the old man next to me shaking and pushing me away with a cane. White-collar workers hurriedly pushed me away with briefcases, while the workers seemed to keep their jobs forever and pushed me away with muddy hands without taking a step forward. When everyone around me crowded into the car, I slowly squeezed in and was pressed into the narrow space in front of the car door.

"How can you be so miserable!" After getting off the bus, he said in a slightly sarcastic tone: "The position is so high that I got on the bus last." "It's so easy to stand in front of the car door and not squeeze with them, but others may not be able to stand this position. I might as well stand there." I said subconsciously.

At that moment, I found myself doing something similar to my grandfather and parents. Being kind to others seems to be like this, sacrificing the interests you could have to help others. It seems that this family style has not been cut off, and it will continue to be passed down and continue to guide my words and deeds in the future.

Whether we want to admit it or not, the family style and family precepts that our predecessors have always remembered still exist in our hearts. Unconsciously passed down from generation to generation, it has become a bright light in my heart.

China is a big cultural country with thousands of years' history. At the same time, it also inherits the customs and traditional culture of our ancestors. There are also many traditional ceremonies in China. Some people think that the content is very complicated, some people think that red tape should be abandoned, but others think that it should be passed down.

First of all, my own opinion. I think it should be passed down, because this is the wealth given to us by the older generation. How can we survive without wealth?

Secondly, the inheritance I am talking about is not exactly the same. Our predecessors did not live in our time. Their thoughts are old-fashioned, while ours are liberated. Therefore, we can add our own ideas to our ancestors' thoughts, but in any case we can't force others to accept our adapted ideas. For example, in the present wedding ceremony, some people conservatively choose the ancient worship ceremony, while others openly choose the oath ceremony in the West. These are all different from person to person. Personally, I think we can combine Chinese and western weddings, which has both conservative ideas and open elements. Isn't this more eye-catching And now every school will hold a ceremony on Monday-the flag-raising ceremony.

It inherited the ancient Shang Dynasty. Although it doesn't rise every day, the form is the same as that of Shang Dynasty. It's all about recent events in China or at school. Now we have a series of festivals, such as Thanksgiving, Teacher's Day, Father's Day, Mother's Day and so on. And we did nothing in these festivals. I think we should pay attention to these festivals and festivals. Many people think it doesn't matter, which leads to the Dragon Boat Festival, which should belong to our country, becoming Japanese. Paying attention to festivals does not mean eating a meal or singing a song on the day of the festival, but paying attention to the ceremonies of this festival.

China is a big cultural country, and its potential far exceeds what we see now. It is still waiting for our descendants to discover. China has a long history and profound culture. We may not be able to make much contribution to it, but we still have to finish what we should do, and we can't indulge in other countries' cultures and ideas every day. A ceremony not only represents a festival, but also represents the importance a country attaches to this festival. If the indigenous people themselves don't pay attention, how can others pay attention? So this is not a trivial matter, we should pay attention to it. Be a propagandist to carry forward traditional culture and etiquette culture, and do your part for your motherland and etiquette inheritance.

Inherited composition 1 1 Every tradition handed down has its reason for existence-Ming.

In ancient times, home was the world, and the world was home. Thousands of years ago, we were the "state of etiquette" in the world. A country is a country, and a country is a home. For thousands of years, we have passed on our own family style.

The book of songs began, and the real family style began with Confucius and Mencius. In ancient times, the country was governed by courtesy, and Confucianism and Taoism were used together, so there were four books and five classics handed down from generation to generation. The Analects of Confucius advocates filial piety, righteousness, benevolence and loyalty. Filial piety is the core meaning of family style. Now, isn't it We/kloc-got pregnant in October and were taken care of for 20 years. We always need the company of our parents. How can we repay this kindness? Human common sense, the reality of human nature.

"Disciples' Rules" begins with the following words: "Disciples' Rules, sage training, first filial piety, second honesty, universal love for the people, while lovers have spare capacity to learn literature." The way to be kind is to be sincere to friends and kind to strangers. Many parents have said, "Depend on your parents at home and your friends outside." People should be honest with each other, don't be hypocritical, and don't pretend to "make friends, but don't believe them?" As a result, we became friends with strangers and our lives became more harmonious. At that time, Shanxi merchants were rich in the world because they made many friends, stressed honesty and kept morality. As Shanxi people, we should practice this ancient and simple family style of honesty, benevolence and righteousness.

"Zhu Zi's Family Instructions" wrote: Don't forget the hardships of ancestors' entrepreneurship, don't be extravagant, and don't squander the inheritance. Diligence, as our traditional virtue, our parents taught us not to waste leftovers, not to waste extravagance, and to save money, so that we can be rich.

Be innocent and don't accept ill-gotten gains. Be a man first, then do things. The ancients kept their hands clean, but in today's materialistic society, we should not be blinded by money. Take it well and make money well. This is what we want.

Family style is actually our tradition. It is a direct expression of traditional culture to melt the spirit of Chinese civilization into it, and it is in this way that we inherit culture and civilization, improve and discard the useless in the practice from generation to generation, so that our nation, society and country can develop steadily without losing their original connotation and continue to spread the Chinese civilization for thousands of years.

Family style and tradition have crossed the long river of history, walked through the dust of time and space, and came to the present with ancient will. -P.S.