What are the main elements of modern interior design in China?

Generally speaking, China's traditional architecture and interior design are mainly wood structures, which are characterized by load-bearing beams and columns, wall enclosure and large indoor space. The space is divided in various ways by lattice door covers, antique shelves and other objects, beautified by ceiling caissons and carved beams and columns, and decorated by China's calligraphy and paintings and furnishings, creating a subtle and elegant atmosphere, especially after thousands of years of development and improvement, forming the architectural interior of China.

The interior design of traditional buildings in China is usually in the form of indoor symmetrical space. In most palaces and halls, beams and arches become the artistic images of interior design with their dual functions of structure and decoration. Judging from a large number of indoor ceiling caissons, furniture, furnishings, calligraphy and painting, decoration and other factors in the palace building, it can be regarded as a perfect combination of overall space design. In addition to fixed partitions, there are movable screens, half-open covers, antique shelves and other furniture, which can increase the level and thickness of organizational space. Ordinary houses are simple and free. In terms of color treatment, the beams and columns in the building room of Zhongbei Palace are usually red, and the caisson on the ceiling is painted with a variety of color paintings to achieve a harmonious contrast with bright and auspicious colors. The interior styles of buildings in southern China often adopt cool colors, such as white walls, gray bricks and black tiles, which form a sharp contrast and form a unique beauty in the south of the Yangtze River [2].

China Institute of Interior Design

(1) Neoclassicism uses traditional ethnic decoration techniques to treat and decorate the indoor space of modern structures, decorative materials, construction techniques and high-tech buildings, and at the same time uses the art of furnishings to divide and design the decorative space, so that the traditional indoor style of China has obvious characteristics of the times, such as 1959, the interior design of the top ten buildings in China, especially the Great Hall of the People and the National Cultural Palace, is full.

(2) New Localism Today's architectural interior designers make bold and innovative designs on the basis of fully understanding the region, natural environment and human environment where the building is located, so that the original local colors have obvious characteristics of the times, and designers show artistic style and natural charm in their creations. From 65438 to 0982, Xiangshan Hotel, designed by China architect I.M. Pei, has the regional cultural characteristics of gardens and houses in the south of China in both external environment and interior design, which makes people fully feel the elegance and strong cultural taste of the interior design of buildings in the south of China, and is a typical example of a new regionalism modern hotel.

(3) In the indoor space of modern architecture, the new ethnic minority style symbolically shows the indoor space form of ethnic minority buildings with humanistic and cultural characteristics, and directly adopts appropriately simplified ethnic minority decorative patterns or theme signs made of them to maintain their national colors, furniture ornaments and other characteristics, and selects ethnic minority furnishings to decorate the indoor environment atmosphere, which has obvious ethnic minority style characteristics and modern civilization characteristics. This design style is called new.

(4) The design of China's modernist modern style began in the second half of19th century. After more than one hundred years of development, it has now become the mainstream of modern home decoration. Modern style advocates "function first". In order to adapt to the fast-paced lifestyle of modern people, the modern living room places special emphasis on practical functions. Generally, only sofas, coffee tables and combined appliances are needed, and there are no decorative fireplaces or fabric curtains. Modern style is also a simple and elegant style, characterized by simplicity and lightness. Pay attention to the use efficiency of indoor space, emphasize that indoor layout should be carried out according to the principle of functional distinction, and furniture layout should be closely coordinated with space; Advocate to abandon redundant and cumbersome additional decoration, so that the indoor landscape appears concise and lively, which perfectly embodies the design concept of "less is more". Judging from the current architectural interior design scheme in China, it draws lessons from the concise, lively and refined design style of western modernist design to a great extent, and adopts various techniques such as color, texture, light and shadow, physical characteristics, etc., including the application of modern high-tech decorative materials in interior decoration. Because the national conditions, national culture, local customs and economic and technical conditions are fully considered in the design, the designed style has the foundation and characteristics of China design culture.

(5) Postmodern designers advocate tolerance and adopt whatever can meet the needs of today's life. This style of interior design, the spatial combination is very complex, breaking through the complete combination of cubes and cuboids, and most of them are in a state of unclear boundaries. Use the method of setting partition wall, screen or fireplace to create a sense of spatial hierarchy, so that the room uses thin columns and partition walls in irregular and ambiguous space, forming an endless and far-reaching sense of spatial hierarchy. They also often regard the wall as waves from various angles, forming a metaphorical and symbolic room decoration style.

(6) Local natural style Perhaps people prefer local natural style in order to find the feeling of hometown. In family decoration, it is mainly manifested in respecting folk traditional habits and customs, maintaining folk characteristics, paying attention to using local building materials or using local legends and stories as decoration themes. This can make the indoor landscape colorful and interesting. For example, in the dim light, harpoons, nets and paddles are hung on the wall, and the ceiling is made of a small wooden boat with the bottom facing the sky. Being in it is like coming to a fishing village, with a unique tranquility and warmth. The tension, crowding and environmental pollution of life in big cities make people exhausted, and they yearn for an environment where they can enjoy more sunshine, air and flowers. This kind of thinking makes people advocate natural indoor layout, such as using unpainted brick walls and deliberately exposing rough wood grains indoors [3].

The purpose and content of interior design

The requirement and purpose of interior design, in a broad sense, is to meet people's spiritual and material life requirements, so as to transform people's production environment, living and learning environment and working environment materially and spiritually, and achieve the necessary conditions for using functions and the beautiful enjoyment of visual environment. Interior design can improve the physical and psychological environment quality of space. In a narrow sense, due to different space conditions, different owners' requirements and different objective conditions, the purpose of interior design is constantly changing, resulting in different design styles, reflecting people's different pursuits of function and art, and creating unlimited spiritual value with limited material conditions.

Interior design is a comprehensive subject, which is compatible with many majors and can be divided into four parts:

(1) Space image design is to deal with the internal space provided by the building, further adjust the scale and proportion of space on the basis of architectural design, and solve the problems of connection, contrast and unification between space and space. After reading the architectural drawings, designers should first adjust the interior space, make more rational use of the space according to the requirements of the owners and design ideas, coordinate the transformation relationship between the spaces, make use of favorable conditions and eliminate unfavorable factors, so as to make the interior design more comfortable, scientific and artistic.

(2) Interior decoration design mainly deals with several interfaces of space enclosure according to the requirements of space treatment, that is, dealing with walls, floors and ceilings. , including dealing with entities and semi-entities that divide space, that is, designing and dealing with relevant parts of building structures.

(3) The design of indoor physical environment involves indoor physical climate, heating, ventilation and temperature and humidity adjustment, which is an extremely important aspect of modern indoor design. With the continuous development and application of science and technology, measuring environmental quality has become an important content.

(4) The art design of indoor furnishings mainly involves the design of indoor furniture, equipment, decorative fabrics, furnishings, lighting and greening.

Interior design can be divided into three categories according to the characteristics of people's mobility: the first category is the living environment design of long-term fixed personnel living space. Including: combined houses, apartment houses, villa houses, courtyard houses and dormitories. The second category is limited public space design, with relatively fixed personnel for a long time. Including: schools, kindergartens, office buildings and churches. The third category is the unrestricted public space design without relatively fixed personnel. Including hotels, theaters, entertainment venues, exhibition halls, libraries, gymnasiums, railway stations, airports, shopping malls and other comprehensive facilities.

China's interior design has entered an innovative stage. Under the favorable situation of China's reform and opening up, China's modern interior design meets the needs of large-scale construction of urban and rural public buildings and residential buildings. In recent years, it has grown rapidly and achieved rapid development. It has gone through the period of imitating the traditional interior design of the East and the West and the modern interior design of the West, and gradually embarked on the road of innovation. This can be seen from the projects completed in recent years and various exhibitions and award-winning works. On the one hand, many works are high in science and technology, using new materials and technologies, creating new indoor interface modeling and spatial forms, achieving a better match of sound, light, color and quality, and a better combination of line, plane and spatial forms, giving people a refreshing feeling and a distinct sense of the times. On the other hand, from some works, we can see that designers have conducted in-depth research on the integration of traditional culture and modern culture. Through the synthesis and reconstruction of artistic language, the concise indoor interface and spatial form contain profound cultural charm and artistic conception. For example, the Shanghai Hall, Chongqing Hall, Guangdong Hall and Small Auditorium in the Great Hall of the People have a strong sense of the times and show the cultural color of the new era.