What are the customs of building a house on the beam?

According to relevant historical records, the custom of building a house with beams began in the Tang and Song dynasties, and was popularized throughout the country during the Ming and Qing dynasties. After the groundbreaking of the house, the construction of the foundation, and then set up post, wall, to the height of the provisions of the beam began to set up, from the gable according to the wall and set up post gradually to the high side of a root to set up, to be set up to the highest place, that is, the ridge position, the beam is the beam, that is, the "dongliang", or known as the main beam, the ridge purlin, has always been regarded as a beam of the town of the house and pay great attention to it.

Folk believe that the beam is smooth, not only related to the structure of the house is solid, but also related to the residents of the future prosperity. As the saying goes: "the roof has a beam, the home has food, the roof without a beam, six animals are not prosperous". This shows the importance of the beam in people's minds, so every time on the beam should be held a grand ceremony.

Despite the differences in customs around the world, but the beam ceremony is very grand, the whole process can be divided into the sacrifice of the beam, on the beam, to receive the package, throw the beam, to be the craftsman and other procedures. It can be said that the whole ceremony is centered around "the beam".

Before the beam, the first step is to carefully select and make the beam. For example, in Taishun, Zhejiang Province, the first master to personally identify the beam, the conditions of the beam can be described as harsh, one is the beam must be cedar; the second is to be straight to the sky, the branches of the leafy; the third is the age of the tree is not too long and not too short, the tree should be the same size as far as possible from the bottom to the top; the fourth is the tree should be surrounded by a lot of small cedar, the more the better, which means that many more children and grandchildren.

When cutting down the beams, the surrounding small cedar trees should not be damaged, and the direction of the beams when they are cut down should be towards the south, not in any other direction. On the day when the beam is started, an auspicious day is chosen and the master carpenter will light three joss sticks of incense and set off two firecrackers before starting to make the beam.

After the beams are made, the owner chooses an auspicious day for the beams to go up. According to traditional custom, the day of the beam's erection should not clash with any member of the homeowner's family, or it will have an unfavorable effect. In addition, other people's zodiac signs should also be avoided if they clash or clash with the hour of the beam.

The hour of the beam, varying from place to place, mostly in the middle of the night or before dawn, "sunrise dawning" is better, that people during the day, if the pregnant woman or mourning wearer inauspicious, and moreover during the day a lot of mouths, watching the people inevitably say something unlucky, so choose the night time when there are fewer people. There are also selected "noon time", the Fujian people more than 12 o'clock at noon. Fuzhou near the sea area to the tide full of auspicious.

Beam on the hour established, the proprietor told friends and relatives. At that time, friends and relatives will come to help, and bring congratulatory gifts. Changle and other places called congratulatory gifts for the "sacrifice Lu package", meat, noodles, candles, cannons, blankets, etc., to the next of kin, but also to send a red colored silk, commonly known as "hanging red", and other dumplings, small baskets, lanterns and so on.

Sacrificing the beam before the beam is an essential program. Before the beam, must sacrifice Lu Ban ancestor, some places are sacrificed to the beam, the master set up chicken, fish, pigs, "three animals" offerings, presided over the beam of the carpenter master sieve wine sacrifices to the sky, sacrifices to the ground, sacrifices to the gods in all directions, and then caught up the prepared red rooster, with an axe to cut off the neck of the chicken, read the hymns while the blood of the chicken sprinkled in the beam, known as the "point of light".

Pasted red paper on the beam, the book "on the beam of four big words, and then covered with red cloth or red quilt surface, tied on two big cake, a metaphor for step by step; some places in the middle of the beam pasted with "gold ten thousand taels" or "Fortune Star", "Purple East," "beams of perpetual solidity", "Jiang Taigong here, great luck" and so on. There are also written "tree columns on an auspicious day", "on the beam in the good time" and other auspicious words of the big red paper, called "Phi Hong".

To the beam tie red cloth, wrapped in red damask, or paste red paper, why do it?

Beam red also said to be linked to the ancient concept of wood spirit tree monster. Folk used as a beam of wood, mostly made of tall, strong old trees, for fear of monsters, so the red to avoid. It implies a potential quest to ward off tree monsters and guard the new house.

In the center of the beam in the middle of the red sticker written "Taigong here, great luck", what does this mean?

The custom of the dragon and phoenix, the lion at the door, the pig at the door and other flowers to symbolize the "dragon lifting its head", "phoenix falling on the treasure land", and the prosperity of the family business.

Gaiya beam enshrined in the face of the flower "holy worm" some weighing more than ten pounds, the shape is huge, above all inserted a variety of small face flower. In addition to the big bug, also do a variety of different shapes of animal flowers, such as lions, pigs and so on. Offerings placed when the lion's head outward, the local people say: the lion put the door head outward, the fat pig arch head inward, so auspicious.

Additionally, there are hundreds of steamed biscuits with different patterns, which are spread to the townspeople at the time of the beam.

Before the arrival of the auspicious time of the beam, the master should not only help to fulfill the arrangement of the two masters, the carpenter and the mason, but also go around to arrange for all kinds of materials and housewares needed for the beam; the women should prepare a sumptuous feast and a banquet while preparing the meat and potatoes for the beam.

The beam is carried to the new house by the master, and on the beam there is a book that reads, "On a certain day in a certain month in a certain year, on a certain auspicious day, so-and-so went up to the beam for good luck," and there is a red cloth tied to it, and there is a nest of colorful swallows nailed to it, which corresponds to the sentence, "Swallows only fall into good homes. The swallows, both large and small, are depicted in color.

When the hour of the beam arrived, the open space outside the house opposite the main room, put a good table, burning a pair of red candles on the table, offerings of chicken, fish, wine, meat, on both sides of the five large date biscuits, the center of the incense burner burning incense. Behind the table with a red cloth seal, inside the small biscuits, chestnuts, jujubes, sugar cubes and other things in the willow bucket. The beam is generally toon wood, the local think toon is the king of wood.

The master should burn incense and paper in front of the offering table, kowtow worship, but also firecrackers, after a series of bowing rituals, carpenters and tilesmiths, two masters in charge of the ruler while singing songs of joy on the side of the beams: "on the beam on the beam to cover the tiled room, cover up the tiled room to live in the bride ......", "on the beam Daji Daji", "on the beam to cover the tiled room, cover up the tiled room to live in the bride ......". The two masters of carpentry and masonry sang a joyful song while putting up the beam: "Putting up the beam to cover the tiled house, putting up the tiled house to live the bride ......".

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Singing like this, the two masters then climbed to the roof, the carpenter in the east, the mason in the west. Then the two began to pull the beam upward, beam from the ground, ignite the firecrackers hung beforehand, the master of the ruler pull the beam while singing songs of joy, to be installed on the top of the beam after, once again put down two red rope, carpenter lifting the bucket, tilesmith lifting the wine, wine and bucket pulled to the roof, the tilesmith to open the bottle of wine, along the beam to sprinkle down, the carpenter is opened to seal the bucket of the red cloth voice singing: a table four corners of the square, the pot of wine and vegetables are set up on the bowl, a lot of things into pairs! Many things are arranged in pairs. Maybe the immortals are looking at it, maybe the mortals are looking at it. This is a strong pot, and it's hidden inside the burnt yellow wine. The proprietor dares not eat it, nor does any mortal dare taste it, but he waits for Master Lu Ban to come to the beam. An empty case is placed in the sun, a pair of gold wax inserted on both sides, Qi ink bucket Qi ink bucket, Qi down ink bucket saint stay. In the south, the pavilion of the Goddess of Mercy will be repaired, in the north, the five phoenixes will be repaired, and the golden flowers will be inserted upstairs, so that the first family will be rich and prosperous.

Entering the door to see the four sides, four gold bricks to pad the main foot, four main foot frame gold beams. This frame wood is really good wood, this frame beam is really good beam, where born in the long where, the roots of the tree rooted in the East Ocean Daihai, the treetops cover the sun in the air, the oxcart a horse-drawn carriages a pair of, are sent to this manor."

The head of the family to receive the meat and potatoes, grandchildren a tow fall. The meat and potatoes first hit the northeast corner, hit the grain did not field, when the family to pick up the sugar, a year more than a year stronger.

After scattering the meat and potatoes, the beam ceremony will be declared over. Some carpenters and masons do not sing songs of joy, the hosts will have to hire special singers, who must be articulate and articulate. When singing the songs, they can make up some amusing words and phrases according to the situation of the host family, and the onlookers are sure to be constantly laughing. At noon on the same day, the proprietor set up a sumptuous feast, entertained all the craftsmen guests, everyone for the imminent completion of the new house *** with the celebration, the atmosphere is festive and lively.

The most interesting part of the Fujian folk ritual is the "shouting beam". Shouting Liang also known as "Hulong", local folklore Liang for the "dragon" incarnation, shouting Liang also as "Hulong", that is to say, auspicious words.

When the beam by the craftsmen shouting beam, above the prestigious master shouting auspicious words, the following craftsmen answered in unison. Western Fujian people called "Hulong out of the brake". Liancheng area "Hulong", by the carpenters with one hand holding a sword, one hand holding a cock, while waving the sword, while shouting auspicious words, the master of the following answer. Such as the above shouting "to wealth? Want to be happy?" The following will answer "Yes!" The following replied, "Yes!". It's a fun way of saying "yes".

The master also want to fierce firecrackers below, the neighbors also corresponding firecrackers, commonly known as "solitaire". Master see, firecrackers will be more violent, so as not to "dragon" was four neighbors to take away. Longhai area Dongjia to insist on putting the last gun, the name is "grab wealth", in order to "grab wealth" sometimes from the middle of the night has been sounding artillery until dawn.

Shanging on the beam of the custom of singing songs of joy, this custom has been ancient. According to "Chong'an County, the new record": the Song Dynasty on the beam, more for the text of the wishes. Wen with parallel language, the meaning of praise and prayer. Attached to a poem, divided into upper, lower, east, west, south, north six chapters, each chapter is crowned with children, Lang, Wei three words. Recently, by the carpenter in idiomatic language to congratulate, no self-writer.

Jianning, Fujian, on the beam of words said: today on the beam of Dajichang, grain abundance of wealth and prosperity, spring and summer Tai Yong silk, generations of prosperity and wealth long.

Yuxi, Fujian, on the beam of auspicious words said: auspicious day on the beam, long hair its auspicious, year after year, generations of Longchang.

Beam folk taboos are also many, such as the Fuzhou area, on the day of the beam on the taboo to wear white, it is believed that this time to wear white will become a white tiger, there are proverbs: "white tiger, white tiger, sound bitter," that will be unfortunate in the future. Tong'an and other places, the beam when the taboo women and mourners in the side to watch, belonging to the tiger, the monkey is also forbidden to watch.

In Fuding, when the master is not chanting auspicious words, the master has to keep stuffing candies, cakes or cigarettes into the master's mouth to prevent the craftsmen from reading incantations and doing evil magic due to poor hospitality. Moreover, the master's mouth full of things, you have to say: "line, line", "good, good" and other auspicious words, so that the master feel satisfied.