Language version sophomore compulsory "on cultivating one's moral character" lesson plan

Learning "On cultivating one's moral character" is simple and concise, and good at using metaphors, comparisons and other methods to elucidate the profound truth of the way of expression. The following is the language version of the language version of the sophomore compulsory "On cultivating one's moral character" lesson plan, which I have carefully edited for you, welcome to read!

[Teaching Objectives]

I. Continue to learn and accumulate common literary words, learn to analyze the meaning and usage of literary words in different contexts, and further improve the ability to read shallow literary texts.

II. Understand accurately the basic views, main contents and methods of cultivating oneself by Confucius in the text, further understand the essence of Confucius and Confucianism, and strengthen one's cultivation in traditional culture.

Third, to understand and learn from the text of "introspection", "loyalty and forgiveness", "honesty", "respect" and so on. Confucianism, feel the Confucius is poor and happy, firm beliefs, open-minded, focus on self-examination of the noble style, improve self-cultivation, moral improvement of self-consciousness.

Fourth, the study of this article is simple and concise, good use of metaphors, comparisons and other methods to clarify the profound truth of the way of expression.

[Teaching Focus and Difficulties]

I. Key words in the Chinese language: poor, over, suffer, rise, abuse, punishment, Zhu, also, its.

Second, focus on understanding the ideological views of the text on the cultivation of the body, feel the author's noble character and open-mindedness.

III. Difficulties: the translation and understanding of literary phrases, the depth of Confucius' thought and the limitations of history and so on.

[ Teaching Methods]

On the basis of students' repeated recitation and self-study and discussion, the teacher will make appropriate guidance, pointers and hints.

[Teaching hours]

Two hours.

[Teaching process]

The first lesson time

The main purpose of this lesson time is to read aloud and translate the text, to have a preliminary understanding of the content of the text, and to accumulate the literary words.

I. Introduction.

In junior high school, students have learned selections from the Analects of Confucius, in addition, you have a certain understanding of Confucius and Confucianism represented by him through books, television, and the Internet, and some students can also recite many classic phrases from the Analects of Confucius. First, please talk about what you know about Confucius, and also talk about your understanding of a certain sentence in the Analects.

Students speak. The teacher can let the students speak freely without making too much comment.

Teacher summarizes:

Confucius (551-479 BC), his name was Qiu, his character Zhongni, was a native of Zuoyi (southeast of present-day Qufu City, Shandong Province), State of Lu, at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period.

He was a famous thinker, educator and founder of the Confucian school in ancient China. Legend has it that there were three thousand disciples and seventy-two wise disciples, and Confucius once led his disciples to travel around the world for 14 years. Confucius was also an organizer of ancient documents, having revised the Poetry and the Book, defined the Rites and the Music, ordered the Zhouyi, and composed the Spring and Autumn Annals. Confucius' thoughts and doctrines have had an extremely profound impact on later generations.

The Analects of Confucius is a collection of quotations in prose, which is a record of Confucius' words and deeds compiled by his disciples and re-transmitted disciples, comprehensively reflecting his philosophical, political, cultural and educational ideas, and is the most important work on Confucianism.

"Cultivating one's moral character" is an important part of the Analects, and moral education is an important part of Confucius' educational thought. Our country is an ancient civilization, a state of etiquette, and there are thousands of years of good traditions of personal cultivation. In order to build a harmonious society, it is also necessary to make every citizen strengthen their moral cultivation and improve the quality of the whole Chinese nation, so as to make the relationship between people more harmonious and harmonious, and the society more amicable and stable.

What Confucius said about cultivating one's moral character is to learn how to be a human being. He said a lot of things that even today after more than 2,000 years have a great edifying effect, and I hope that the students will experience it seriously in the process of learning.

Second, reading comprehension.

Under the guidance of the teacher, with the help of notes and tools to read the text, dredge up the text, preliminary understanding of the content of the text.

First of all, please read the text aloud and find different students to translate each passage into modern Chinese. Other students can correct any inaccuracies in the translation, and the teacher will emphasize the pronunciation, meaning and usage of the key words.

The whole text is divided into four sections, each section has five paragraphs.

1 barium bragging call bragging attention to the pronunciation and meaning of the following words.

Sixty and obedient to the ear: obedient to the ear means being able to correctly deal with all kinds of comments made by others about oneself.

Not exceeding the rules: over, beyond; moment (jǔ), rules.

朝闻道，夕死可也：朝(zhāo，不读cháo)，早上。

Mo can Xing: Xing, up.

gentleman solid poor: solid, insist, hold fast; poor, embarrassed, desperate.

The villain is poor and abusive: abusive, excessive, unrestricted. Here is the meaning of doing nothing.

Young and not Sun Di: Sun, through "Xun", obedience to elders; Di, through "Tì", respect for older brothers.

Long, but no description: description, no praise, refers to nothing to do.

2 barium wit section to pay attention to the pronunciation and meaning of the following words, but also pay attention to the special 'literary sentence.

Not to suffer from people who do not know themselves, but from their inability to do so: to suffer, to worry, to be concerned; its, here can be translated as "their own".

The gentleman seeks help from himself: Zhu, a compound word, equivalent to "之于".

In Yu Yu and why punish: with, tone of voice; punish, reproach.

The inner introspection is not guilty: Guilt (jiù) sorrow and suffering, inner pain.

3 Barium Chen section should pay attention to the pronunciation, meaning and usage of the following words.

巧言、令色、足恭：令色，满脸堆笑的样子；足，过分，过度。

Zuo Qiu Ming shame: shame, intentional use, consider shameful.

To repay a grudge with straightness: straightness, impartiality.

4 barium visit Mu bragging note the pronunciation, meaning and usage of the following words.

The texture is better than the text is wild: quality, simplicity, as opposed to "text"; text, elegance, refers to the grooming of demeanor; wild, lack of elegance, despicable.

Wen wins the quality of history: history, frivolous.

Gentleman Tai and not proud: Tai, calm; proud, arrogant, overbearing.

Gentlemen are open and honest, and villains are long and chipper: open and honest, broad; chipper (qī): sad, sad.

Residence respect, deacon respect: respect, respectful, dignified, here can be understood as abide by the rules; respect, cautious, serious.

Although the barbarians: the, verb, to ...... go.

Third, students in the initial understanding of the text on the basis of reciting the text again. Require each student to read aloud, in the process of reading aloud to deepen the understanding of the connotation of the text sense.

Fourth, homework. Read the text familiarly, complete the first, second, fifth and sixth questions after the lesson, and think about the third question to prepare for the second class discussion speech.

Lesson 2

This lesson mainly focuses on students' discussions and exchanges to further understand Confucius's ideas about cultivating one's moral character, to provoke students' thoughts and feelings, and to improve their consciousness of perfecting personal morality. Learn to recognize the different meanings and different uses of literary words.

I. Check the students' reading aloud. You can get more than one student to read the text aloud.

II. Ask the students to summarize the main content of each section in short words (summarizing the main content can be based on the speeches of a number of students to form a more accurate and consistent opinion).

(a) the first section of the main content: cultivation is the process of continuous learning, continuous search, continuous improvement of their own, in the process, must always adhere to a firm belief.

Understanding of each paragraph:

1 barium bragging bit ("I ten have five and aspire to learn"), this is the summary of Confucius on the stages of his own life, showing that Confucius from the beginning of his youth to study until the gradual development of "benevolence" of the long-term process. This is a summary of the stages of Confucius' life. This is a long process of learning, thinking, and struggling, and it is the process of a great thinker gradually transforming from the Kingdom of Necessity to the Kingdom of Freedom, until he finally reached the realm of "following one's heart's desires and not overstepping the bounds of the rules", which is the realm of a high degree of unity between the subjective world and the objective world.

Today, this passage is still a profound inspiration for us. There is no end to learning, thinking, and moral perfection in one's life, and there is no end to the understanding of objective things and objective laws. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the ideal of lifelong learning. To constantly adjust their own understanding to achieve integration with the outside world.

2 barium witty passage ("If you hear the truth in the morning, you can die in the evening"), showing the love and persistent pursuit of truth. The pursuit of truth, more than life, just seven words, moving.

3 barium Chen paragraph ("years of cold, and then know the pine and cypress after withering also"), with the metaphorical statement, explaining that the more difficult the environment, the more can test the will of people. Confucius was the first to use the image of the pine and cypress as a metaphor for the "gentleman" with firm beliefs and strong will, which had a great influence on later generations.

4 barium visit mu bit ("in the Chen extinct food"), the use of contrast, explaining that the gentleman even in the extremely difficult situation, but also will not change their own aspirations. The words of Mencius, "poverty can't be shifted," are an interpretation of this passage.

Confucius's favorite disciple, Yan Hui, was also a model of cultivation set by Confucius, who praised him many times. He said, "I'm a good person, I'm a good person, I'm a good person, I'm a good person, I'm a good person, I'm a good person, I'm a good person, I'm a good person, I'm a good person, and I'm a good person. The wise, back also."

5 barium deceive and forgive a bit ("the original loam razor"), with a paragraph of sharp language and a graphic action to show that Confucius has no cultivation of people's extreme contempt, thus establishing a cynical image of the gentleman. It should be noted that Confucius' condemnation of Yuan Yang started from the fact that he was "young and did not pay attention to Sun Di", which means that a person's lack of attention to family and filial piety from childhood is the starting point of moral degradation. This is also enlightening for our education today.

(2) the second section of the main content: mainly on the method of cultivation - introspection. Confucius placed great emphasis on introspection. "Seeing the virtuous, seeing the unwise and internal self-reflection." Confucius took "benevolence" as the highest moral code, then how to realize "benevolence"? Confucius said, "To be benevolent is to be oneself". That is to say, in order to realize "benevolence", we have to rely on ourselves. The essence of self-cultivation is the process of continuous inner reflection, which Confucius called "internal introspection", "internal lawsuits", "bowing to one's own thickness", "seeking one's self

Understanding of each passage:

1 Barium brags about the position ("do not suffer from the fact that people do not know themselves"), emphasizing that in the case of other people do not know themselves, i.e., in the case of one's own character, learning, etc. are not known, do not complain about other people, but to reflect on oneself, reflecting on one's own shortcomings. This passage suggests that one should be self-aware and be "strict with oneself and lenient with others".

2 Barium witty passage ("The gentleman seeks his own"), the contrast between the gentleman and the villain shows that the gentleman should be self-improvement and self-reflection.

3 Barium Chen paragraph ("Zaiyu day sleep"), with "rotten wood" "dung" two common image of the metaphor, explaining the importance of strengthening their own cultivation, a person who is not aware of their own, and not motivated. If a person does not realize and work hard, the effect of education will be limited. Moreover, to judge how a person's character cultivation in the end, not only to see how he said, but also to see the actual action.

4 barium visit mu bit ("over and do not change"), said a person should be able to correctly treat their own faults. Confucius believes that there are faults are inevitable, but to be brave to admit, and even more courageous to correct; if you insist on the error, refused to change, the error will really become a mistake. This passage not only explains the method of cultivating oneself, but also emphasizes an important principle of cultivating oneself.

5Barium deceives and excuses the bit ("Sima Niu asked the gentleman"), "introspection and not guilty" and "the gentleman does not worry and not afraid" is a cause and effect relationship. When encountering criticism or slander, Confucius asked that the first thing to do was to reflect on oneself, to examine whether one had done anything wrong, but if one confirmed that one had not done anything wrong after serious reflection, then one need not have any worries or fears. What a valuable character this is! Both strict self-discipline, but also adhere to the principle, adhere to the truth, never blindly follow or yield to the outside world's negativity and pressure, to do this requires how much courage!

(3) The third section of the main content: talk about the way of loyalty and forgiveness. This is one of the most central elements in Confucius' thought system.

Understanding of each passage:

1 Barium bragging bit ("I am a man of one mind"), with the word "loyalty and forgiveness" to summarize the "way" of Confucius. This Tao is "benevolence". Loyalty means being loyal to one's ideals and principles; forgiveness means being tolerant, not imposing oneself on others in order to realize one's own pursuits, and being upright and tolerant is the way of loyalty and forgiveness. Loyalty and forgiveness are in dialectical relationship; one must adhere to one's ideals while not doing whatever one wants. Loyalty is to oneself and forgiveness is to others.

2 barium witty passage ("there is a word that can be practiced for life"), the "forgiveness" of the specific interpretation, that is: "Do not do unto others what you do not want them to do unto you". This is a high degree of generalization of Confucius' concept of morality. It is not only a constraint on the "benevolent" himself, i.e., one is required to think differently from others, but also an important principle of interpersonal interaction, i.e., one should respect others and be considerate of them. Even today, more than two thousand years later, this idea has a strong practical significance for the establishment of a harmonious interpersonal relationship in society.

3. Chen's passage ("巧言、令色") is a warning from the opposite side ("Zuo Qiu Ming is ashamed of it, and Qiu is also ashamed of it") that a gentleman should never be hypocritical and flattering, and should be open and honest and distinguish between right and wrong, and should not cover up his own good and bad qualities. This is actually another way of explaining the meaning of "loyalty and forgiveness".

4 barium visit mu bit ("people do not have faith"), is about the importance of "faith". "Faith" is an important element in the moral category of Confucius and even in the category of traditional Chinese morality. "Honesty and trustworthiness are the foundation of a person's life and an important guarantee for the prosperity of a nation and a country. Today, the healthy development of the market economy, social stability and harmony, foreign trade and exchange, honesty and trustworthiness is still a basic principle that must be adhered to.

5 Barium deceived the bit ("to repay the grudges with virtue"), advocating justice and equality. Although Confucius advocated "forgiveness", but never unprincipled tolerance and forbearance, and even the compromise of "repaying grudges with virtues". He advocated "repaying grudges with kindness" as adherence to principles; he advocated "repaying kindness with virtue" as fairness and justice. This shows that Confucius did not give in in front of the truth, and did not advocate sacrificing principles to achieve friendship and harmony.

(4) The fourth section: through the comparison with the small man, to illustrate the gentleman should have the style, temperament, mind and performance.

Understanding of each paragraph:

1 Barium bragging bit ("quality over text is wild") is about the relationship between "quality" and "text", that is, the relationship between appearance and demeanor and internal quality. The relationship between "quality" and "writing" is about the relationship between demeanor and inner qualities. Confucius believed that a gentleman should pay attention to his appearance, but should not be overly groomed, and that he should be "refined", i.e., both simple and literate, to achieve a high degree of unity between inner beauty and outer beauty. Until today, this is also our goal.

2 barium witty passage ("gentleman Tai and not proud"), to "Tai" and "proud" of the contrast between the gentleman and the small man. The contrast between "Tai" and "Jiao" seems to be a superficial difference, but in fact it is a difference in inner nature. "Tai", i.e., calm and comfortable, shows that the gentleman's open-mindedness, open-mindedness, and a good plan; "Jiao" is arrogant, self-righteous, and overbearing, but his heart is very empty, very weak. Therefore, the real knowledge, have the connotation of the people often seem very calm, and even "great wisdom"; and the more the surface of the crazy, arrogant people, the more ignorant and shallow people.

3 barium Chen paragraph ("the gentleman is frank and open"), is a gentleman and the psychological state of the small man is different: the gentleman is broad-minded, no cover up, do not seek fame and wealth, and therefore is frank, open-minded; the small man is always thinking about personal interests, loss, worry, inconsistent words and deeds, narrow-minded, and therefore always sad, The most important thing is to be pessimistic.

4 barium visit mu bit ("Fan Chi asked Ren"), is that the gentleman, no matter when and where, no matter what the environment, can maintain a consistent code of conduct. "Residence in a respectful place" should be the "prudent solitude" advocated by Confucianism. Even when a gentleman is unsupervised and alone, he should be careful with the rules and exercise strict self-discipline. "To be respectful in one's duties" means to be conscientious and meticulous in one's work. "To be loyal to others" is to talk about the basic principles of socializing with others and ****ing things, to be loyal and trustworthy. "Though the barbarians, they must not be abandoned." Even in a barbaric place, one must never change one's code of conduct. The three words "cannot be abandoned" show Confucius' unwavering faith and moral code of conduct.

5 barium deceived to forgive the bit ("Zixia said"), is the evaluation of Confucius' disciples. "Three changes", indicating the impression of Confucius in the minds of his disciples: he was both gentle and serious; he was both full of emotion and amiable, but also strict and adherent to principles. This is a relatable and fearful image of an elder.

Third, students are invited to talk about the experience of learning and feelings (should let students speak freely, encourage the publication of unique insights, can talk about their own understanding and experience of a particular paragraph, do not require comprehensive).

Fourth, dealing with after-school practice questions.

The first question, let the students combined with the text one by one to explain the meaning and usage of "Xing, solid, indiscriminate, Zhu, punishment, respect, shame, friendship, virtue, Tai, swing, Chi, that is".

The second question is to understand the phenomenon of multiple meanings of words such as "over, suffering, also".

The fourth question is for students to analyze the language features with specific phrases in the text.

1 Biroyo slug disappointment Boo incisive and profound. For example: "A gentleman does not worry or fear" "Do not do unto others what you would not have them do unto you".

2 mean park cap throw sprite get drought detention phlegmatic excursion theater, such as: "years of cold, and then know that the pine and cypress after withering also" "rotten wood can not be carved" and so on.

3 paralyzed brio member caries make the semantics more distinct. For example: "the gentleman is not proud of Thai, the villain is not proud of Thai," "the gentleman is open and honest, the villain is long," and so on.

4 paralyzed brio wei muscle pak travelers small (1) malaria magpie wooden boil sword to make the language neat, catchy. Such as: "the gentleman seeks his own, the small man seeks others" "thirty and stand, forty and not confused, fifty and know the fate of heaven ...... "" Residence Christine, deacon respect, with the The first is that the first is the first to be a good man, and the second is the first to be a good man.

The fifth question: the use of "之" and "其" as pronouns.

Example: I am looking at the air, all of them are dragons and tigers ("Hongmen Banquet"), his, his (refers to Liu Bang).

All the world rebels against it ("Hongmen Banquet"): its, his, on behalf of the king of Qin.

Question 6: The difference between the ancient and modern meanings of "poor".

Examples:

Mourn my life in a moment, envy the Yangtze River's infinite (exhaustion)

want to poor thousands of miles of eyes (exhaustion)

resume the front line, want to poor its forest (go to ...... the end of the line)

Fifth, after-school exercises

1 biro ≡ fetish multiply zinc Laos haunts the mechanical fundraising to pay the bit ah!

2 paralyzed mu material travel Xiannai annoyed together with the content of this lesson, write a short essay of about 600 words, talk about your understanding of strengthening personal cultivation, in the class with classmates.