What stones are commonly used in rockery projects?

1. Hard rocks

Taihu stone: It is a limestone rock in Taihu Lake, formed by long-term wave impact and weathering. The natural Taihu stone comes in three colors: blue, white and black. It is hard in texture and does not dry out when soaked. Mi Fu pointed out in "On Stone" that Taihu stone has four characteristics: "thin, transparent, leaky and wrinkled". Thin, rugged and upright, with a slender body; transparent, open to all sides, with vertical and horizontal textures; leaky, with vortices and holes intertwined, exquisite and penetrating; wrinkled, with rich wrinkles and prominent veins. The various forms of Taihu Lake are used to build rockeries, embellish the courtyard, and beautify our living space.

Lingbi Stone: Grows in deep red soil, is a calcareous rock, formed naturally, rough and clear, mostly black in color (yellow, brown, red, and white), mostly light in color. The stone is hard and makes a sound when buckled. It was used as a bell in ancient times. Therefore, it is known as the "Bayin Stone" and the "Qing Stone", and it also has the reputation of "the Lingbi Stone is a wonder in the world, with a sound like bronze and a color like jade (Fang Yan, a poet of the Song Dynasty)". There is a Lingbi stone in the Xiangguo Temple in Kaifeng City, Henan Province. Under the seat are engraved the four characters "Genyue Relic Stone". According to research, it is a relic stone of the Northern Song Dynasty, which is very precious.

Melaleuca: It is a type of sedimentary rock, with tones such as dark gray, brown and earthy yellow, and some layers are filled with gravel. The shape of Melaleuca Stone is like the folding effect in Chinese paintings. Its texture is extremely hard, heavy, does not absorb water, and can be processed. Thousand-layer stone can be used to create landscaping, which can be cut in horizontal layers or combined by bonding. It is especially suitable for arranging tree and stone bonsai, revetments and scattered stones. When making landscape bonsai, when stacked horizontally, it will be magnificent and thick, and the outline will be revealed. The change. But be careful not to reveal traces of artificial carvings. After the stone body is combined and formed, it can be decorated and hung with evergreen vines and grass plants.

Axe-Split Stone: Ax-Split Stone is a hard stone. Its cracked pattern is similar to the "axe-split stone" in Chinese paintings. However, because the stone is soft, it can be cut into layers. It is also called "mica stone flakes". ". Axestone is shale, formed after long-term precipitation, and its content is mainly calcareous and carbonaceous. At the same time, although the color is mainly dark gray and black, there are also changes such as gray with red rust or light gray. This is due to changes in the iron and other metal components in the stone. Because of its slender and strong shape, the axe-chopped stone is used as a landscape of Jianfeng cliff, which is particularly majestic and natural in color. However, because there is little contrast in the uneven texture of the rockery, the construction technology of the rockery is relatively high, and the water absorption performance is poor, making it difficult for moss to grow, so climbing plants are mostly planted around the mountain.

Moire stone: The scientific name is "Huaying Mountain multi-walled coral stone". The pattern is a polygonal complex, hexagonal, resembling a turtle pattern. Its diagonal is 8-10 mm long. The internal structure Single mesh. The fossil is a typical warm-water biological group. As early as the Permian Period, coral fossils were formed through seawater alluvial and changes in the earth's crust. Produced in the Yangtze River Basin, it is formed by the erosion and accumulation of river water. It is a hard stone light brown. The stone texture is like sawing and cutting with an axe, but the cracks are natural. It is most suitable for expressing large rivers, river revetments and scattered stone landscaping. When making tortoise stone bonsai, the mountains must be matched according to the pattern. Scattered stones and mountain base stones can be cut into platforms with a cutting machine, which can be decorated with buildings, platforms, etc. The diversity of plant planting is not limited.

Yellow wax stone: also known as Huanglong jade. Yellow wax stone is the most precious type of wax stone. It has high hardness, about 7° on Mohs hardness scale, strong toughness and great stability. In ancient times, Tianhuang stone was called "Stone Emperor" and yellow wax stone was called "Stone Queen".

Yellow wax stone is a widely popular stone toy in the Lingnan stone toy industry. It is the hardest and densest among traditional ornamental stones. It is smooth and delicate, and is better than jade. It has been played with for a long time and is moisturized. Very spiritual. Yellow wax stone has the texture of jade and the appearance of a strange stone that can be played with and admired. Yellow wax stone is a rare resource, but such pleasant gum wax and frozen wax are rare among them. It has inevitably become the most valuable. Expensive.

2. Soft Stones

Soft stones are loose in texture, porous, easy to carve, absorb water, and can grow moss, which is beneficial for vegetation to take root and grow. Maintaining perennial soft stone bonsai will make it green and full of life in spring and summer. Folks call it "living stone". The disadvantage is that it is easier to be weathered and eroded.

Sandstone: mostly light yellow in color, pine in texture, easy to carve, highly water-absorbent, easy to grow moss, and beneficial to plant growth. Sandstone is formed by the agglomeration of sediment and calcium carbonate. The texture is uneven, loose and tight. The sediment is loose in many places and the calcium carbonate is hard in many places. The disadvantage is that it is easily damaged and needs to be moved indoors in winter to avoid freezing. It is often used to express the scenery of high mountains and clear waters. Produced in Anhui, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hubei, Shandong and other places.

Shangshui stone: "Reed pipe stone" or "water-absorbing stone" is produced all over the country. It is formed by silt and calcium carbonate gluing surface stony sandstone through geological processes. In addition to silt and carbonic acid In addition to calcium, it also contains some plant residues. Because these organic substances are mixed in, it forms a criss-crossed tubular structure of different stone thicknesses. The surface layer is basically soft stone, which is easy to moss, has strong water absorption, and is easy to process and shape. Be careful not to use too much force when cutting. Otherwise it is easy to break. The colors of reed pipe stone are mainly khaki, black khaki, and off-white. Due to the tubular texture structure of different thicknesses, it has a natural shape with many strange peaks and caves. The tubular structure on the surface of Shangshui Stone can be divided into thick tubes and thin tubes. Thick tubes are called bamboo tube stones, and thin tubes are commonly known as wheat straw stones

Reed tube stones: white or light yellow, stone and sandstone. Recently, they are mostly composed of intricate tubular textures, divided into two types: thick reed tubes and thin reed tubes. They are as thick as bamboo and as thin as wheat straw (wheat straw stone). The tube holes are crossed, skinny, and exquisitely carved with strange shapes, which are the expression of strange peaks and different shapes. A beautiful stone for caves and landscapes. The origin is the same as sandstone, and sometimes mixed with each other.

Chicken bone stone: milky yellow or grayish yellow, with complex surface texture, very muddy cracks, and often hollow, resembling a chicken bone shape. The water absorption performance is average, and the leakage points are more obvious. The disadvantage is that it is too peculiar, improperly handled, and loses the sense of reality. It can be used as a landscape bonsai, or as a tree bonsai with stones.

Pumice: Also known as pumice, it is gray-yellow, light gray or black, with gray-black being the best. It is formed by the condensation of lava bubbles from volcanic eruptions. The texture is fine and loose, with many pores inside, and can float on the surface. It has excellent water absorption properties, is easy to plant various small plants, and is easy to process into various textures. The disadvantage is that it is easy to weather, and there are few aniseed materials, so it is mostly used for small landscape bonsai.

Sea mother stone is also known as sea pumice and Shanhu stone. It is white and is formed by the accumulation of secondary biological remains such as coral shells in the ocean. It has a loose texture and is divided into two types: coarse and fine. Coarse is harder. , inconvenient to process, fine quality is better, some can float on the water. It has good water absorption and is easy to carve, but the pores contain a lot of salt and require multiple rinses before planting. Often used as medium and small landscape bonsai.