Division of scientific era (period)

From the middle of18th century, science gradually presented what is called "small science" today.

The characteristic of "mini-science" is that most scientific research activities are initiated by individual scientists, and only one or several laboratories participate. Management depends on the traditional bureaucratic management mode. Subjectively, research is driven by satisfying scientists' curiosity, which objectively increases human cognitive ability. Formally, it is characterized by the study of individual freedom.

There are no scientists specializing in scientific research during this period. Generally, they are funded by themselves and do scientific experiments according to their hobbies.

Transitional era:

/kloc-the scientific development in the 0/9th century is more brilliant and prosperous. The "three major scientific discoveries" promote the development of science in the direction of institutionalization, which is directly manifested as follows: first, the number of people engaged in scientific research has increased sharply, and scientific research institutions or organizations have been established one after another; Second, compared with the past, scientific research instruments are relatively sophisticated and complex.

/kloc-after the middle of the 0/9th century, the scientific organizational system developed rapidly and eventually developed into a relatively stable and mature social organizational system in the 20th century. Scientific research has gradually developed from satisfying the interests of a few rich people to specialization, public ownership and socialization. The transformation from "small science" to "big science"

The age of big science:

The World War II greatly promoted the development of science and technology, and various emerging methods and technologies used in the war were gradually summarized and developed after the war, which made the development of science enter a brand-new stage.

Marked by the Manhattan Project in the 1940s, modern science is considered to have entered a "great science era".

Extended data

The first era is the scientific research that began in the era of ancient Greek scientists. Most of the theories are imaginary and untested, so most of them have been overthrown by experiments in the second era!

The second era began in the sixteenth century, with Newtonian mechanics as the main representative. The theory of this era belongs to the macro point of view, that is, everything in the experiment exists in that absolute state to get the expected results!

The third era, now, is the theory of relativity represented by Einstein, as well as quantum mechanics, chaos, black holes, butterfly effect and so on. They all study the theory of atoms and make up for the shortcomings of Newtonian mechanics!