How to choose the educational research topics

How to choose educational research topics

(a) the significance of the choice of educational research topics

Scientific research topics, that is, the title of the study, is based on the purpose of the study, through the subjective and objective conditions of the object of the study of the subject of the research problem established. Selection of the purpose of the research is specific, so that the research activity to a specific object and the scope of the content, with the directionality, generalization and limitations and other characteristics. The choice of educational research topics, for the entire research process and the organization and management of educational activities are of great significance.

1. The subject can reflect the value of research

The subject is the further development of educational practice and educational understanding of the problems that must be solved, is known and unknown areas of the linkage. It reflects the breadth and depth of existing practice and understanding, and reflects the breadth and depth of exploration and advancement into unknown areas. The famous physicist Albert Einstein said that it is more important to raise a problem than to solve it. He believed that solving a problem may be only two mathematical or experimental skills. Raising new questions, on the other hand, requires creative imagination and signals real progress in science. In educational research, the subject is equally valuable.

The purpose of educational research is to solve various problems facing education. These problems are different because of their impact on education, different status and role in educational activities, and thus their value is different. For example, at present, primary and secondary education is from "exam-oriented education" to "quality education" comprehensive transformation, which is a kind of educational concepts, educational thinking and educational mode of change, around quality education to choose the research topic has very important theoretical significance and practical significance.

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2. The subject guides the direction of the research

In educational practice there are many problems that we need to study and solve. The researcher always according to the practice and their own development needs, from which to choose the problem for research. The so-called research direction is the researcher in the field of educational science after a long period of research and practice identified must begin to solve certain aspects of the problem, and in these areas to create their own research areas, the formation of a stable, clear main goal and research clues. A good topic will bring great impetus to educational practice and educational science, and even reveal the direction of development of educational practice and educational theory in a period of time.

The topic also affects the direction of the whole research process. The topic is the definition of the object of study, the scope of the study, the subject of the study, the entire research work is developed and centered on it. For example, "rural junior high school students dropout causes and countermeasures research", it points out that the object of research is junior high school students, its scope is limited to rural areas, the goal is to reveal the "dropout causes", and put forward the corresponding countermeasures. The design and implementation of the entire research program, and the identification of the results must be closely related to the subject. Obviously, the subject is clear, the direction of the entire research activity is clear.

3. The subject of the entire research work plays a role in constraints

The subject as the starting point of scientific research in education, the start of the whole mechanism of educational research. Constraints on the process and mode of educational research. In the process of educational research, different research topics, research methods, research tools, etc. are not the same, and there are differences in the collection and utilization of materials. For example, "analyzing the ideological condition of secondary school students at this stage" and "researching the guidance of extracurricular reading for secondary school students", both subjects need to understand the situation of extracurricular reading of students, but the former should focus on the analysis of reading content, and the latter focuses on the study of reading methods, which is the reason for the limitations of the subjects. The reason for the limitations of the subject.

The choice of subject is not only important for itself, but also has an important impact on the whole education. In general, educational research to solve the main theoretical or practical problems in education, that is to say, the actual education is the source of educational research topics, the choice of what kind of subject is often subject to the constraints of the development of educational reality. Only close to the reality of education in order to effectively answer the actual problems of education research has life and value. Thus, the subject of a good choice for educational reform and development, scientific management of schools, and constantly improve the work, have an important role in promoting.

(B) the types of educational research topics

Primary and secondary education is the foundation of the entire education system is a relatively independent educational subsystem, which includes a series of activities and interconnections between the factors. Education is also a huge social system, containing a variety of complex internal relations and external links. Therefore, education is a broad field of research, containing a wealth of research topics. Educational research topics can be divided into different types from different perspectives.

From the nature of research, scientific research topics can be divided into theoretical and applied topics. The exploration of the laws of education, the study of methodology, the revelation of the characteristics of the phenomenon, certain educational concepts, educational thinking, etc. can be regarded as theoretical topics. These topics are generally not aimed at a specific educational phenomenon, and their research results have a broader guiding significance. Such as "part of the mountainous counties to universalize the nine-year compulsory education research", "small and medium-sized cities, the ideological situation of secondary school students and education", "rural campus culture construction research", "Research on the phenomenon of differentiation of junior high school students" and other topics. For the specific practice of education, in order to solve a specific problem in a certain field or a specific aspect of the practice of education to carry out research, belongs to the applied research. Such as "XX school teachers team building status analysis and improve the five-year plan research". "The summary and promotion of XX school teachers' mathematics teaching experience", "X X teaching method test and application research" and so on. The results of applied research can generally be used directly in educational practice.

From the source of information and time, educational research topics can be divided into historical topics and realistic topics. The former is mainly through the analysis of historical data to explore the characteristics of education in different historical periods, revealing the laws of education. Drawing on historical experience and lessons. The latter is mainly to recognize and solve the problems in real education through the study of real education materials. It also includes educational forecasting and future educational research based on reality.

From the content of the research. Educational research topics can be divided into comprehensive topics and single topics. Comprehensive topics mainly refers to the content of a number of areas of education or a number of aspects of the subject at the same time. Such as "XX city primary and secondary education comprehensive reform research", "principal training law and management system research" and so on. Comprehensive topics are generally divided into several topics, organizing a larger number of researchers to complete the collaboration. A single topic is mainly to explore a certain aspect of education or a phenomenon, such as teacher research, student academic performance research, teaching materials and teaching methodology research and so on.

From the means of research, educational research topics can be divided into experimental topics and descriptive topics. The former mainly refers to the experimental design to achieve the purpose of the subject, the latter mainly refers to the survey research, data analysis, logical reasoning and other means to achieve the purpose of the subject, also known as the rationality of the subject.

From the selected form of the subject, it can also be divided into new subjects, carry-over subjects, commissioned subjects, self-selected subjects. New topics, that is, the year after repeated deliberations, the argumentation of new subjects included in the annual program. This kind of topic is the current, local education development and education reform in an important position and is now urgent priority research topics, carry-over topics is the previous year or earlier time to open the subject has not been completed. Whether to continue research on such topics, should take a cautious attitude. Neither can easily give up. Nor can we not look at the effectiveness and conditions to continue to engage in futile, half-assed labor. Commissioned topics are the relevant departments entrusted to study the subject of such topics are collaborative nature. It is necessary for the completion of some large-scale scientific research projects, beneficial. Self-selected topics, refers to the researcher's own selection of topics.

In short, for educational research topics can be multi-angle, multi-faceted classification. However, the various types of division are only relative, in the reality of educational research in the subject is often a synthesis of several types.

(C) the requirements of the choice of educational research topics

Dr. Bardeen, a two-time winner of the Nobel Prize, once said: to determine whether a research can be effective, it is very important to look at the scientific research topics it chooses. Although the field of education is vast and rich in scientific research topics, it is not easy to really choose a high value, but also suitable for their own research reality, and can achieve research results. In order to ensure the quality of research, the selection of educational research topics should follow some of the following basic requirements:

1. Purposeful

Scientific research is a highly purposeful activity. The selection of educational research topics must first have a clear purpose. Why choose this topic? What is the value of this research on education? Selection of the subject must clearly answer these questions. Selection of a clear purpose, the direction of research is easy to grasp. It is also easy to firmly research confidence.

The purpose of choosing the subject should come from the objective needs of education, that is, from the actual education. To solve the theoretical or practical problems in education, to promote the reform and development of education. To select their own research topics from the needs of educational reform, educational management, teaching practice. Follow the principle of purpose, choose the subject should be "four combinations, four main", that is, personal research interests and the objective needs of society and school work, to the social needs of the main; basic research and applied research, to the combination of applied research; macro research and micro research, to the combination of micro research, to the micro research, the combination of historical research, forward-looking research and realistic research.

2. scientific

Scientific research is the search for truth. The choice of educational research topics must follow the objective laws of education and the various things associated with it, and must fully understand the objective conditions of research. Should be through the history of education, analysis of the current situation, the results of others and the collection of information in all aspects of the collection, collation and analysis, after a rigorous scientific argumentation to form the subject, avoid subjective imagination, blindly selecting the topic.

Scientific requirements must also focus on the scientific value of the subject. The so-called scientific value, refers to the new discoveries in education science, new creations, the subject of the research can promote the science of education to push forward one step, will fill some of the gaps in the science of education, the science of education in some incorrect viewpoints to be corrected, and to the previous research to supplement the previous research results are more rich and complete.

3. Creativity

Scientific research is the exploration of unknown areas of activity, intended to invent, innovate and move forward. Educational research should be fully embodied in the spirit of creativity, as Mr. Tao Xingzhi said: dare to explore the invention of the new reason. Selection of topics should be advanced, novelty, eyes should fall on the forefront of educational reform and development. Such as the study of the development of the current socialist market economy on the education of new issues, the development of modern science and technology caused by the new development of education and so on. For the old topics in the field of education, we should be good at researching them from different angles and in different ways with new perspectives. Even if you choose some validation research topics, you should also try to make new discoveries. Only topics rich in the spirit of creativity have real vitality.

4. Feasibility

Scientific research is a rigorous and realistic activities. The choice of educational research topics must fully consider the subjective and objective conditions, analyze the practicality of the subject in the actual research process. From the subjective point of view, whether they have the necessary knowledge and research ability, their own experience, energy, and interest to meet the demand for research. From an objective point of view, whether the necessary information, tools, equipment, funding, time, whether to get the leadership of the support and all aspects of the cooperation.

For educators, the choice of topics should be based on practical considerations, taking into full account their own strength and the size of the research topic is commensurate with the difficulty. First-time researchers should choose those with a narrower scope, more specific content, less difficult topics, especially in close conjunction with their own educational teaching and educational management practice, choose to have available conditions, results, and can be directly used in their own practice of the subject. Later, with the continuous accumulation of experience, the continuous improvement of scientific research ability, and the continuous expansion of vision, you can choose some more difficult or more comprehensive topics. You can also organize a collaborative research, collective research. In short, to do from point to point, from shallow to deep, from small to large, from a few people start to mass participation, from a school to several schools and cross-regional collaboration.

II. The source of educational research topics and selection methods

(a) the source of educational research topics

Educational scientific research topics mainly from the two major aspects of educational practice and theoretical literature, more specifically, it can be from the following eight aspects to find and explore research topics.

1. From how to mention the quality of their work to discover the subject

Every educator has their own work tasks and responsibilities, how should they complete their work tasks and improve the quality of work? There are a lot of topics that are worth studying. For example, language and foreign language teachers study how to improve students' ability to listen, read and write; mathematics teachers study the development of students' logical thinking ability; teachers of teacher training schools study how to reflect the teacher training in education and teaching; kindergarten teachers study how to cultivate children's good habits; librarians study how to improve the effectiveness of the use of books and reading guidance; school education administrators study how to carry out scientific planning and management of the development of schools, and so on. School education administrators study how to carry out scientific planning and management of school development and so on. From the work to find the subject, to study, is conducive to improving the scientific degree of educational work.

2. From the work of the difficulties and shortcomings to discover the subject

Educators in the practice of education will encounter a variety of difficulties, the work of this or that shortcomings, and some with a certain degree of universality, the solution to these problems for the improvement of the quality of education has a greater significance. For example, the traditional classroom teaching methods, often teachers speak, students listen, teachers read, students remember, teachers test, students memorize. This cannot stimulate students' interest in learning, and there are always some students who are unwilling to learn. Teachers can think this way, whether it is possible to change the concept of education, the establishment of a democratic, harmonious, cooperative and innovative teacher-student relationship, especially to give the "poor students" to more love, to enhance their confidence in overcoming learning difficulties, and to improve the sense of success and enjoyment of learning; whether it is possible to change the original teaching methods, such as the use of "Self-study tutorial method", "guided learning method", "independent participation in teaching", prompting students from passive learning to active learning; whether the original classroom teaching structure can be changed, to classroom teaching system with group discussions, individual answers, and so on. Can the original classroom teaching structure be changed to combine the classroom teaching system with group discussion and individual question-answering, and guide students to carry out extracurricular learning activities in order to increase the time and space for students' activities? Can the original teaching content be adjusted, the teaching materials be dealt with, and increase the practical sessions and students' practice and experimental time, and strengthen the feedback. Students practice, experimental time, strengthen the feedback ---- correction; whether the form and content of the school exams can make some reform experiments, so that they really play a role in feedback, incentives and scientific assessment, rather than just for the sake of grading only. And so on, as long as careful thinking, it is not difficult to find research topics.

3. From the educational reform and educational construction of the new situation encountered in the discovery of the subject

In the educational reform and development of education will encounter many new situations, new problems, but also the formation of a number of research topics. For example, research on the growth of urban population, urban construction and "science and technology to develop the city (agriculture)" and education; on strengthening and reforming the school political ideological work of the study, the study of regional education development strategy and its operating mechanism; on the overall reform of education and experimental research on the curriculum, textbooks and examination reform study , a study on the reform of rural junior middle school education; a study on the reform of the principal's responsibility system, and so on. These topics of research, not only to the educational administration to provide a scientific basis for decision-making, but also conducive to the solution of micro-education problems.

4. From the observation of educational practice activities to find the subject

Observation of educational practice activities, the most able to find the problem, if the scientific sensitivity, academic sensitivity to the theoretical thinking, it is not difficult to find a number of research value of the subject. For example, preliminary observation found that, due to the improvement of living standards, economic and cultural development, many secondary school students' physiological maturity in advance, in-depth observation and reflection, the secondary school students' puberty education put forward a series of questions: secondary school students puberty physiological development and psychological development of the status quo in the end how? How are the sexual concepts of secondary school students formed? What is the impact of the social and school cultural environment on the development of adolescents' sexual awareness? What is the significance of puberty education to the formation of students' personality? How to cultivate and train students' mental balance ability? How to counsel and guide the mental health of students during adolescence and so on. From these questions, many research topics can be formed.

5. From a variety of information exchanges to discover the subject

In the teachers and students, students' parents, colleagues, friends and other conversations, conference speeches or debates, in the radio, television, newspaper reports, will be involved in many educational issues, if you pay attention to record and think about them, it is possible to form the subject of scientific research in education. For example, a good class group is not only an indispensable environment for the healthy growth of students, but also a basic unit for the construction of spiritual civilization in schools, which is what students aspire to and teachers and parents expect, and at the same time, it is a hot topic that has been discussed a lot in school education. If these discussions are summarized, a series of research topics on the construction of class groups will be formed; a study on the objectives and evaluation of good class groups; a study on the formation law of good class groups; a study on the formation law of good class groups; and a series of educational scientific research topics. The formation of the class group; the cultivation and development of students' personality and "three-self" ability in the class group; the cultivation and training of students' basic civilized behavior in the class group; the performance and education of narrow collectivism in the class group; the power mechanism of the formation of the good class group; the relationship between the class as a whole and the natural group; the teachers' awareness of teaching and education and the class group; and the relationship between the class group and the natural group. Research on the relationship between teachers' consciousness of teaching and education and the construction of class groups, research on the quality of class teachers and the formation of good class groups, and so on. The in-depth study of such topics, to strengthen the management of school education, improve the quality of teachers and the construction of moral education in secondary schools, will inevitably play an important role.

6. From the successful education, teaching experience to explore the subject

Educators from the educational practice has accumulated a wealth of valuable educational experience, hand many of them are successful. But often fragmented, unconscious, and not scientifically tested. Therefore, these experiences are often "self-generated", difficult to promote. If the use of experience or experimental method to be scientifically tested and summarized, revealing the relationship between educational measures and the effect of education, and to the theoretical abstraction and generalization, so that they have the possibility of promotion.

7. From the investigation of an educational phenomenon and the formation of the subject

Educators in practice, if you can think carefully about certain educational phenomena, in-depth investigation, but also from the discovery and the formation of valuable research topics. Such as the development of the wave of the commodity economy to bring great impetus to school education and the impact of the majority of educators have a strong feeling, but what is the specific situation? Must be through in-depth investigation, to make quantitative and qualitative analysis of the combination of research, otherwise, some of the discussion is just general, can not reveal its essence, it is more difficult to make the correct education countermeasures. Therefore, such a review is very necessary, which also forms a number of educational research topics. Such as student boredom, dropout, runaway, juvenile delinquency survey and its educational countermeasures, secondary school students, ideals, learning objectives, interests, sense of autonomy, career awareness, and values, moral values, democratic view of the survey and educational research, student labor concepts, labor habits, write the basis of the civilization habits of the current situation of the survey and research; school teachers, cadres, the ability to balance the investigation and research on the psychological balance of the survey and research, the rupture of the family children's education survey, and so on.

8. from a variety of literature to discover the subject

In a variety of theoretical literature, educational newspapers and magazines, conference exchanges of proceedings, thematic collections, award-winning thesis collections and related subject guide, etc., there are educational research results and dynamic reflection, careful reading, you can discover research topics, which are either not yet noted by others, or there is a The issues that have not been noticed by others, or that are still debated, or that have made progress, but can still be further studied. Such as the past decade, China in the field of education and economic research results, but reading education books, theoretical literature, can still find that there are many issues to be studied. Such as the establishment of a stable source of investment in education and the establishment of the mechanism of the growth of investment in education ahead of the study, the study of the evaluation of the effectiveness of investment in education, the internal structure of the school salary reform, material and spiritual, compensation and dedication to the study and so on.

(2) the source of primary and secondary education research projects

Primary and secondary education research projects mainly have two major sources, one is the problem that needs to be solved in the practice of education, and the other is the theoretical problems about education raised in the literature of education theory. The former mainly reflects the practical value of the research, the latter mainly reflects the theoretical value of the research, the two types of topics are inseparable from the practice of education, and therefore have practical significance.

1. Educational practice is the source of educational research topics

To solve the specific problems in the actual work of education is the basic task of scientific research in education, for the majority of educators, it is the focus of research.

The problems of educational practice, we can be divided into two categories, one for the macro-area of the problem, that is, the overall situation of education has a huge impact on the problem. Such as the education of the academic system, curriculum issues, management system issues, development planning issues. This kind of subject research object is relatively wide, the input of manpower, material resources, involving more content, large amount of information, the duration of a longer period of time, and therefore usually organized by the state or the competent departments in charge of education, special education research workers to choose the topic of research. Another category is the micro-area issues, mainly refers to a specific aspect of education or a certain range of issues. For educators, these are often a direct source of choice. This type of subject can be summarized as follows:

(1) the problems raised in the work of teaching. Teaching is the center of work. The problem of overburdened students, student learning problems, basic education curriculum reform, improve quality and efficiency are the subject of research.

(2) the problems of moral education. What kind of people to cultivate is the primary task of the school. Moral education work how to adapt to the development of the times, to adapt to the reform and opening up and socialist market economy, children's moral enlightenment education experimental research, patriotic education research, moral education curriculum research, moral education research, "one country, two systems" under the conditions of the study of moral education in the school are the subject of educational research.

(3) education management research. To management to efficiency, to management to quality is an important point of view of modern education. How to improve the management level, management efficiency, management quality, management system, student management, teacher management, logistics management, which contains a large number of research topics.

(4) Problems in educational reform and development. Currently China's education is in a period of transition. Adapt to scientific and technological progress, reform and opening up, to adapt to the economic and social development, education is from the "exam-oriented education" to "quality education" transformation. In this process, from the people's concept of updating to the specific operation, education reform to every educator raised a large number of new issues. The full implementation of compulsory education, education for modernization, rural education reform, for educators to show a large number of research topics.

(5) the problems arising from the internal and external links of education. From the internal view of the education system, primary and secondary education and vocational education, higher education, adult education, continuing education are closely linked; from the external view of the education system, education and family education, social education, mutual influence and mutual constraints. How to deal with these relationships, and give us a rich selection of topics.

2. Educational theory literature analysis is an important source of educational research topics

In the history of human civilization, long before education was studied as a social phenomenon, for example, more than 2,000 years ago, Confucius "common", "rich", "teaching", "education", "education", "education", "education", "education", "education", "education", "education", "education", "education", "education", "education", "education" and so on. and "teaching" ideas, the idea of "indignation and enlightenment", the idea of "combining learning and thinking with action" and the systematic advocacy of moral education; the pre-Qin Confucian educational thought of the integration of the work of the "Book of Learning" educational ideas. The educational ideas of the Xueji, a compilation of Confucian educational ideas of the pre-Qin period, and so on. In the history of modern education, from Comenius to Du Cheng, educators have made a lot of theoretical discussions on the phenomenon of education, and put forward many educational views and ideas. From the existing educational theory literature, from the educational theory system constructed by the predecessors, we can look for and fill in the blank areas, we can continue the study of the problems they raised but did not solve, and we can also issue skepticism to the predecessors' theories, and put forward new insights and propositions after the study, and we can also participate in the academic controversy and discussion.

Finding topics from practice and selecting topics from theoretical literature are complementary. In a specific topic often has both practical and theoretical value. If the topics generated from practice are worth studying, they are often theoretically unsolved problems. Thus, the specific practical problems solved by practical research often have a certain theoretical significance, enriching and developing the theory.

(C) the discovery of educational research topics, the method of choice

The source of educational research topics is very rich, but really find and choose a good topic is not an easy task, which requires the researcher to have a considerable level of knowledge, analytical skills, keen insight. Educators must be good at discovering and selecting topics, the following are several common methods.

1. Problem screening

This is a common method for educators. In the actual educational activities, we often encounter or produce a large number of problems, through the classification and organization of these problems, and then analyze the importance of the degree and study the significance of the size of these problems, to determine the value of their research, and listen to a wide range of opinions, from which the value of the obvious, and suitable for their own level of research and ability to the problem as a subject.

2. Refinement of experience

This is a method of discovering and selecting topics that educators can utilize. Comrades who have long been engaged in education generally in their own practice have to find out a lot of experience. How to summarize the experience, the experience to the height of the theory, which is bound to answer a series of questions, so that a research topic appeared. For example, many principals have accumulated a lot of experience in the construction of teachers, such as "strict requirements", "respect and trust", "emotional investment" and so on. Are these experiences of universal significance? Do they have the same effect on teachers of different ages and personalities? Do they have a theoretical basis? Do they serve the same purpose? Is there a hierarchy? This has led to the formation of the research topic.

3. Information to find doubt

As the old saying goes: "believe in the book is not as good as the book", the information often implies a large number of scientific research topics. Data seek doubt, that is, through the analysis of relevant information, compare different points of view, questioning the conclusions of previous generations, exposing the differences between theory and practice, from which research topics.

4. Analysis of the current situation

That is, through the analysis of the current situation of education, to find or expose the problems in education, so as to choose the appropriate subject.

5. Intention to transform

Educators may sometimes suddenly develop an intention to explore a certain issue of education, this intention is actually a certain educational practice or theoretical information in the thinking of the accumulation of reflection. This intention, if not seized in time, may be fleeting; if grasped tightly, it may produce a research topic. When this intention appears, such as it can be further thinking, so that the problem gradually clear; at the same time, the specific circumstances of the problem for further investigation, access to the appropriate literature, analyze the value of its research and enlightenment of their ability to bear and other objective conditions, so as to form a formal subject.

Three. General steps in the selection of educational research topics

(a) research, raise the issue

The subject begins with the problem, in order to raise new issues, to determine the starting point of the research work, we must understand the situation of the previous or other research, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research, to understand the development of the subject matter of the study of the history of the development of the subject matter of the level of the study and the development trend of the future, to find out the subjective and objective conditions of the study. The main objective and subjective conditions.

The methods of investigation and research, there are access to information, on-site investigation and expert consultation of three.

1. Consultation of information

Consultation of information can be examined, whether the selected topic has research value, absorption and digestion of other people's research in the field, to understand the extent of their research and the current research dynamics. In this way, on the basis of previous research, to establish their own main direction, so that the research topic specific, in-depth. Checking the data can also help us understand other people's ideas or new research methods, the introduction of neighboring disciplines, new ideas, new ideas, from which we can get inspired. You can also learn from the information about the success or failure of other people's lessons for their own comparison and reference, to avoid or less detour.

2. Investigation

To the front line of educational practice to investigate, conducive to the discovery of problems and the formation of the subject. Before the survey should be clear about the purpose of the survey, a good outline of the survey, design a good survey form, and strive to investigate the situation is true, comprehensive, systematic and reliable. In the survey, pay attention to listen to the views of education practitioners and the analysis of educational issues.

3. Expert consultation

Consultation of experts or research experience in a particular area of the views of the people can be inspired by, to learn from, and sometimes to repeatedly listen to the views of all parties to achieve the purpose of brainstorming.

(B) analysis and synthesis of information

The information obtained from the survey should be summarized, analyzed and synthesized. The first step is to remove the false and retain the true, to retain the true and reliable materials; the second step is to analyze the interrelationship between the various materials, to find out the intrinsic connection and the problem; the third step of the collection of issues for screening; the fourth step, the proposed subject or project.

(C) put forward the idea and design of the subject

On the basis of research and data analysis and synthesis, first of all, it is necessary to determine the various titles of the subject. Secondly, it is necessary to clarify the purpose and significance of the subject of the research, to clarify the problems to be solved by the research topic and the objectives expected to be achieved. As well as the domestic (or regional) research level and trends of the subject. Once again, the methodology used in the study, methods, steps and the required funding, equipment, means, etc..

(d) Pre-experiment or pre-survey

For some comprehensive, major, complex research factors, exploratory experimental research topics in education, often need to carry out a pre-experiment or pre-survey, through the simulation of the study, the proposed research objectives, the methods used, ways, and the content of the study of the preliminary demonstration.

These four steps can be collectively referred to as the opening argument.

(E) the establishment of the subject

After the selection of the subject, the researcher to the relevant educational research management department or educational administration to put forward the "educational research project (project) declaration form", the contents of the declaration form are:

1. subject name, research categories, research start and end time. The research category generally refers to basic theoretical research, applied research.

2. The person in charge of the subject research, participants, undertake units and cooperation or collaboration units and division of labor.

3.