European Oil Painting Countries

Oil paintings from the 15th to mid-19th century.

Characteristics: no matter how big or small the picture is, there is a perfect mood.

(I) Renaissance oil painting

1. Giotto: Italian oil painting is the precursor of the development of European oil painting, the famous painter Giotto in the early Renaissance, created many religious paintings with a real-life atmosphere, and is considered to be the father of European painting and the progenitor of the school of realism.

2, Ponticelli: in the line, color, modeling and other aspects of the performance is richer, the character thoughts and feelings expressed in more detail, the works of emotional more strengthened, pay more attention to the proportion of science, perspective and spatial relations, modeling is extremely beautiful, like music.

3, Michelangelo, da Vinci, Raphael: oil painting to the peak.

The system of realism is more perfect, and the sense of beauty and power is stronger.

Michelangelo: His frescoes, which represent a very rich earthly world, embody the contradictions and struggles that filled the Renaissance.

Leonardo da Vinci: The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa give us a sense of the times, of humanism.

Raphael: The Sistine Madonna and other portraits of the Virgin Mary express the spirit of humanism's celebration of man's outer and inner beauty, his dignity, and his harmony.

Compared to the harmony and beauty of the southern European style, the paintings of Northern Europe pay more attention to the real, concrete and objective world of the portrayal, with strong local characteristics, the characterization of the characters pay more attention to the character.

For example, the Netherlandish (now Belgian) painter Bruegel, although also depicting religious themes, but dealt with secular, peasant-like life scenes.

(B) 17th and 18th century oil paintings

Expression of life, expression of society, the content is more profound, the form of expression, the language of art is more rich.

Important representatives, such as:

Flanders (now northeastern France and southwestern Belgium) painter Rubens, "robbing the daughters of Liujiabo" (textbook page 42);

Dutch painter Rembrandt; (textbook page 43)

Spanish painter Velázquez; (textbook page 43)

French painter Davitt.

(Textbook 43 pages)

(c) Oil painting before the 1870s (18th century), Europe entered the stage of modern history, especially the Enlightenment and the bourgeois revolution, making France the center of European politics and culture, and the center of European art.

During this period, the subject matter of oil painting was expanded, the ideological content was enriched and profound, and the artistic language was more developed than before.

Famous painters and works include:

French neo-classical painter Davitt: The Death of Mara

French Romanticism on behalf of the school of painting Delacroix: The Free God Leads the People

France's representative of the school of critical realism, Kolbe: depicting the life of the workers in the Drawing Room; Miller: depicting the life of the peasants in the Gleaners.

Impressionist painting: representative of Monet, Sunrise - Impression.

(Textbook page 44)

Painter who depicted reality, Levin, The Slender Man on the Volga.

(page 44 of the textbook)

Western modern oil painting consists of two main aspects:

Embodying modern sensibilities in realistic oil paintings, giving new spiritual connotations to classical realism;

Avant-garde explorations deviating from the tradition and from realism.

Main features:

Mainly expressing the inner world;

Extracting certain formal factors to the extreme;

Highlighting the diversity and individuality of beauty, and even the expression of "ugliness";

Dominating the paintings with unique artistic concepts, and the schools of art rise and fall.

The Dutch painter Van Gogh, a representative of the transition from classical to modern painting; the Spanish painter Picasso, a representative of the Cubist school; and the Russian painter Kandinsky, a representative of the Abstraction school.