Is there a hierarchy of clothing between nobles and officials in medieval western Europe?

Of course there is. There are many aspects of western marking grades, such as collar section, knight ribbon, necklace ornaments, badges, crowns and so on.

For example, in the British aristocratic dresses, the number of pearls marks the baron Hou Bozi, and the number of branches of the crown distinguishes the king, prince and duke.

All the civil servants in tsarist Russia have medals or rank marks, and you can tell at a glance how many civil servants they are.

Mayors and governors in European countries wear iconic pendants and badges. Diplomats use medals and ribbons. Waited a lot.

Civilians can't carry weapons. Only nobles and priests with swords can carry swords.

The material of civilian clothing is limited, as if it can only be linen.