What were the influential literati painters of the two Song dynasties, and what artistic ideas did they put forward?

Literati painting refers to the paintings created by the literati during the feudal era that distinctly reflect their ideals and aesthetic interests. The artistic trend of literati painting emerged in the Northern Song Dynasty and was active in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, occupying a prominent position in the history of Chinese art. Famous literati painters of the Song Dynasty include Li Gonglin, Su Shi, Wen Tong, Mi Fu, Mi Youren, Yang Shuizhi, Zheng Shonan, Zhao Mengjian, and others, whose creations and theoretical propositions laid the foundation for the development of literati painting. Li Gonglin (1049-1106) was an outstanding literati painter of the Song Dynasty. He was a master of literature, good at identifying ancient artifacts, and especially famous for his paintings. Li Gonglin's paintings covered a wide range of subjects, including Taoism, Buddhism, human figures, horses, palaces, landscapes, flowers and birds, and he was also an expert in copying ancient paintings. His paintings portrayed a wide range of people from different social classes at that time. Su Shi (1037-1101) was well known for his literature, his calligraphy, and his ability to paint withered wood, bamboo, and stones. His theories on painting were elaborated extensively through his poems and inscriptions, which had a great impact. Su Shi on painting, pay attention to the subjective aspects of the composition of the artistic image, and in the painting to express a kind of transcendent, poetic feelings and thoughts, emphasizing the inner basis of the artistic image, that only skill cultivation can not constitute the highest state of art. He believed that "when discussing painting, we should see the resemblance to the children's neighborhood. If a poem is based on this poem, it is not a poet." He put forward the "poetry and painting are the same, heavenly work and freshness" of the literati painting art advocates. Although he also praised Wu Daozi, Cui Bai, Guo Xi's art, but more respected Wang Wei. Su Shi earlier put forward the concept of "scholar painting", and put it and "painter painting" in opposition. Su shi evaluation of painting and have "common form", "common sense" theory, to depict the mountains and rocks, bamboo, trees, clouds and water and express "boredom in the human will" of the painting for the best. Su Shi's painting Wood and Stone reflects the fact that literati painters paid more attention to the expression of subjective interest in their artistic images, and did not care whether they resembled each other or not. Wentong and Mi Fu were important painters at the same time as Su Shi, and Wentong's "Huzhou Bamboo School" and Mi Fu's style of landscape painting had a significant impact on the development of literati painting. Wentong (1018-1079) was a poet and calligrapher who specialized in ink and bamboo. Like Su Shi, he emphasized the expression of subjective feelings in his paintings, and the use of calligraphic brushstrokes pushed the ink and bamboo paintings that had emerged since the Five Dynasties to a new level, creating the "Huzhou Bamboo School". Mi Fu (1051-1107) was a fine collector and a good calligrapher. He and his son Mi Youren (1074-1153) were famous for their paintings of clouds and mountains in ink and water, and they called themselves "Ink Opera", which used ink and water to express the misty and rainy scenery in Jiangnan, and was known as "Mi's Landscape". ". Ink plum also began in the Northern Song Dynasty, Yang Wugui (109-1169) is good at painting ink plum literati painters. He painted ink plum simple and unadorned, with elegant temperament. The heirloom work "snow plum figure" a few strokes out of the thin hard branches, the image of simple and distinct, "four plum flower scroll" painting bud, first bloom, full bloom, flower Xie four states, and the inscription lyrics, reflecting the scholars paintings of poetry, calligraphy and painting and the requirements of the importance of the scholar.