What changes have modern information technology brought to education and learning?

Chen Zhili, former Minister of Education, said: "The influence of information technology on education in the 2/kloc-0 century is immeasurable. It has not only brought about major changes in educational forms and learning methods, but more importantly, it has a profound impact on educational ideas, concepts, models, contents and methods. " The wave of information technology revolution is changing our mode of production, work, study and life at an alarming rate. Human society is rapidly forming a highly information-based society, and knowledge is exploding and updating faster and faster. In this social background, education has also embarked on the road of educational informatization, and information technology has had an all-round impact on education management, education reform, education and teaching activities and many other aspects. Information technology has brought great changes in the field of education from form, content to concept. How to use information technology to improve the quality of education and teaching has become a major issue that we urgently need to solve. I. The position of information technology in education and teaching The application of information technology in education has made up for many shortcomings of traditional education, changed the traditional way of knowledge storage, dissemination and extraction, and caused new changes in education. Digitalization, intelligence, networking and multimedia information technology have brought vitality and vigor to modern teaching. Compared with traditional educational technology, its application in teaching has more powerful advantages and remarkable functional characteristics. (1) Information technology has rich expressive force. Multimedia technology enables knowledge content to be expressed in a single form or a combination of several forms, such as text, image, animation, sound and video, thus making knowledge content rich and colorful. The application of multimedia technology can stimulate a variety of sensory organs, which is beneficial to students' memory and enhances students' associative clues. (2) Effective resource sharing and information exchange The Internet can realize the global sharing and timely updating of excellent teaching resources, and e-mail, chat rooms, video-on-demand and video conferences can realize the communication between teachers and students. The introduction of information technology into teaching will expand the information sources of teachers and students unprecedentedly, and they can access all kinds of e-course resources and directly obtain relevant materials and materials. (3) Multimedia technology realizes autonomous learning very well. It is not only analog, but also can display things that can't be displayed directly, and it is interactive, getting rid of the traditional and passive injection teaching method. This teaching mode can provide rich and colorful interactive man-machine interface for learners. Therefore, it is easy to stimulate learners' interest in learning and create favorable conditions for them to explore and discover knowledge. Students can also set up a personal homepage or a small collection homepage to create a personalized learning platform. (4) Providing a virtualized teaching environment Information technology can provide a virtualized teaching environment, which means that if teaching activities can be largely separated from the limitations of physical space and time, this is an important feature of information education. Virtual teaching environment includes virtual classroom, virtual laboratory, virtual campus, virtual society, virtual library and so on. Virtual reality technology can make students feel as if they are in a real environment. (V) Providing a good teaching management function The development trend of computer management teaching is to establish electronic files on the network, including students' electronic works, records of learning activities, learning evaluation information, etc. The use of electronic files can support the reform of teaching evaluation and realize the learning process-oriented evaluation. To sum up, the application of modern information technology in teaching is one of the important measures to improve the quality of education and teaching, which has a far-reaching impact on the development of education. Only when teachers are fully aware of this, establish correct concepts and actively study and apply modern educational means can information technology really play a positive role in promoting educational modernization and improving teaching efficiency. Second, how to make effective use of information technology for education and teaching (1) To cultivate students' comprehensive quality by using information technology environment and resources. The State Council pointed out in the Decision on Deepening Education Reform and Promoting Quality Education in an All-round Way: "It is necessary to cultivate students' scientific spirit and innovative consciousness, and attach importance to cultivating students' ability to collect and process information." It can be seen that China has regarded information ability as an important part of quality education. If we can make full use of existing information on the basis of developing students' information ability, 1. Using information technology environment and resources to cultivate students' good information literacy. Information literacy refers to knowing when and what kind of information is needed, and the ability to retrieve, evaluate and effectively use information. In the information society, the amount of knowledge is increasing at an explosive rate. It is impossible for students to master all this knowledge, so it is particularly important to teach students how to use this information. Students with certain information literacy can find the knowledge they need in the vast amount of information when facing the problems that need to be solved. Therefore, information literacy is one of the most basic and important qualities of talents in 2 1 century. Information technology course is the technical basis for cultivating students' information literacy. The formation of information literacy needs certain information technology skills as support, so in information technology class, teachers should teach students to use some basic skills, such as using personal operating system, web browser, search engine and download tools, information processing and word processing software, multimedia production tools, web page production tools, etc. 2. Use information technology environment and resources to cultivate students' self-study ability. Due to the rapid growth and renewal of knowledge, what students have learned in school is far from enough to cope with their future work and life. Therefore, self-study ability has become one of the important abilities of talents in 2 1 century. (1), using information technology environment to provide individual counseling for students. For example, use some auxiliary learning software for personalized learning. Most of these softwares are illustrated with pictures and texts, and have strong human-computer interaction. They can be entertaining, easy to arouse students' interest in learning, and can set different difficulties, so that students can easily make personalized adjustments according to the actual situation. In this learning mode, not only the one-to-one exchange learning mode is realized, but also students learn to face problems alone, solve problems according to computer prompts and get help by using information technology environment, which is helpful to cultivate students' autonomous learning ability. (2) Using information technology environment to provide students with learning resources. Faced with certain learning objectives, teachers can guide students to use the information technology environment to search for learning materials and solve the difficulties encountered in the learning process by themselves. Distance learning is a typical model. Students can get learning resources and help through the internet. These resources can be pre-set by teachers or searched by students according to their own needs. Because there is a large amount of knowledge on the internet, there are many choices in the process of learning. Compared with textbooks, it contains more information and updates knowledge faster, so students must select, analyze and process a large amount of information. 3. Use information technology environment and resources to cultivate students' cooperative ability (1), which makes it possible to cooperate in various ways. In the traditional teaching environment, due to the limitation of physical location, the group learning mode becomes more reluctant. Teachers often ask students in adjacent seats to discuss together, but in fact, students in adjacent seats have very different viewpoints, ways of thinking and learning rhythm, so the efficiency of group learning is often very low, which can't inspire students to think. In the networked information technology environment, grouping methods can become flexible and diverse without restrictions. Students can express their views and exchange learning materials through online dialogues, online forums, online personal homepages and other ways. (2) Provide a platform for summarizing and communicating. When a group wants to solve the same problem, the ability of cooperation among members is particularly important. This kind of cooperation may be division of labor, cooperation or competition, and the information technology environment provides a friendly platform for the cultivation of this ability. For example, group members can put their opinions and learning materials in the same folder or website on the network for all members to exchange and evaluate, or share these learning materials with other groups, and finally achieve * * *. 4. Use information technology environment and resources to cultivate students' ability to solve practical problems. The ultimate goal of teaching is to let students solve practical problems and cultivate students' ability in this field. Information technology can give strong support. (1), using information technology to stimulate their desire to analyze and solve problems. Teachers can make use of the vivid characteristics of multimedia courseware in the information technology environment and the characteristics of large capacity, many categories and strong immediacy of network resources to arouse students' attention to the problem. With interest in the problem, you are half successful. (2) Information technology environment and resources can be used as research tools to help them succeed. A student with certain information literacy will first determine what information resources he needs, and then obtain these resources according to the existing information technology environment. The process of analyzing, filtering, processing and processing these information is the process of solving problems. In the process of this problem, with the continuous enrichment of information, the understanding of the problem is more comprehensive. 5. Using information technology environment and resources to cultivate students' innovative thinking ability is an advanced ability in the cognitive field. Must be based on a certain amount of knowledge and understanding of things. "Practice makes perfect" is the simplest evaluation of this ability. Therefore, in order to cultivate students' innovative ability, students must dabble in a wide range of knowledge and master it. With this knowledge, innovation is possible. To cultivate students' innovative thinking ability, information technology can provide the following support: (1), providing a lot of knowledge. The foundation of innovative education is extensive knowledge, and information technology can just provide these resources. In addition to some internal resources, there are countless network resources on the Internet for a certain knowledge point, which provide a material basis for innovative thinking. (2) Strengthen the connection between disciplines and integrate subject knowledge. The first is the integration of information technology and other disciplines, which can give the advantages of information technology to other disciplines, thus changing the teaching mode of these disciplines from the traditional teacher-led teaching mode to the student-centered independent inquiry teaching mode. The multimedia characteristics, hypertext characteristics and interactivity of information technology are conducive to cultivating their imagination, developmental thinking and leap-forward thinking. Secondly, we can integrate disciplines through the link of information technology to realize the comprehensiveness of the course. Creative education needs the support of multiple disciplines, which requires the integration of disciplines. In the information technology environment, the organic integration of disciplines becomes possible. (3) Carry out research-based learning in the information technology environment. Teachers should make students become subjects with independent consciousness and let students take the initiative in their own development. The main task of teachers is to guide them into the situation, act as guides and consultants in the process of students' inquiry, and have an equal communication relationship with students. In the research study under the information technology environment, facing the problems that need to be solved, teachers guide students to use the backward information technology environment and its resources as soon as possible to find the information they need. Faced with a large amount of knowledge, students have full autonomy in information selection, which is helpful to cultivate students' ability to obtain information, process information, express information, find problems and use resources to explore and solve problems. (2) Using multimedia technology to optimize classroom teaching. Teachers use modern multimedia information technology to creatively design teaching activities, give full play to the unique function of computer-aided teaching, and combine information technology with the characteristics of various disciplines, which can make the teaching form more intuitive, diversified and visualized. Give full play to the leading role of teachers, the main role of students and the bridge role of audio-visual media, so that students can fully feel the situation, find problems, ask questions and solve problems, stimulate students' interest and fully mobilize their enthusiasm. 1, doubt-using multimedia to innovate teaching situations and stimulate students' innovative thinking "doubt" refers to creating problem situations in the process of knowledge paving. That is to say, according to the characteristics of teaching content, the situation is created by using various media such as sound, color, pictures and text, so that students can enter a fascinating and fascinating mathematical realm from the beginning of class, change students' "want me to learn" into "I want to learn" and stimulate students' innovative thinking. 2. Solve doubts-use multimedia to induce students' innovative thinking and internalize new knowledge. Teachers carefully design the learning process of students' active acquisition of knowledge, so that students can intuitively perceive and operate, making new knowledge difficult and abstract into concrete. Teachers seize the opportunity to ask questions, give timely guidance, turn students' "learning knowledge" into "learning knowledge" and induce students' innovative thinking. In this way, the connection between old and new knowledge is communicated in time, which inspires students' thinking and cultivates students' innovative ability. 3. Questioning-Using multimedia to extend knowledge transmission, stimulate students' innovative thinking, inspire students to strengthen their vertical and horizontal connection with what they have learned, ask questions that they don't understand, or conduct unique thinking activities. After learning new knowledge, carefully organize students to discuss and question the content of new knowledge, extend what they have learned, deepen students' attention to participation, let students understand the truth in action, change students' "passive learning" into "active learning" and stimulate students' innovative thinking. 4. Solving puzzles-using multimedia to optimize and consolidate applications and strengthen students' innovative thinking "Solving puzzles" refers to a teaching activity that consolidates new knowledge and applies knowledge to solve problems, so that students can expand their thinking and develop their intelligence in the process of consolidating and applying knowledge. Use multimedia animation effect to design exercises, pay attention to the cultivation of students' independent thinking and problem-solving ability, and strengthen students' innovative thinking. (3) Information technology and curriculum integration Curriculum integration is one of the main topics of education reform in recent years. The integration of information technology and curriculum refers to a new teaching method that organically combines information technology, information resources, information methods, human resources and curriculum content in the process of curriculum teaching to complete the task of curriculum teaching. The integration of information technology and curriculum is the requirement of education in the information age and the inevitable trend of education development. 1, the integration of information technology and curriculum can enhance students' cooperative skills and problem-solving ability; Make the application of information technology an integral part of the learning process, so as to help students master the skills of information collection, retrieval, analysis, evaluation, forwarding and utilization; It promotes the cooperation and communication between students in the class, and also promotes the cooperation and communication between our students and the global learning community through the Internet, thus broadening students' horizons. 2. Principles to be followed in implementing curriculum integration (1) level principle. Emphasize the establishment of different innovative educational goals and set different learning goals and requirements for different educational objects. (2) the principle of initiative. It emphasizes giving full play to students' initiative, cultivating students' observation ability, keeping students' curiosity, and letting students explore their understanding of objective things and methods to solve practical problems independently in their studies. (3) The principle of combining personalized teaching with collaborative learning. Individualized teaching is undoubtedly conducive to giving full play to students' initiative, which varies from person to person. But it is not enough to emphasize personalization. Collaborative learning can obviously promote the cultivation of cooperative spirit and the formation of good interpersonal relationships, and it is also one of the most favorable teaching strategies for cultivating new human villages in the 2 1 century. Therefore, in the course integration, we should consider the combination of personalized teaching and collaborative learning, so that learning can receive the best benefits. (4) Pay attention to the principle of cultivating innovative thinking and practical ability. Emphasize the development of students' innovative ability and improve their curiosity and creativity. The process of information technology education is the process of students' hands-on practice; It is also the creative process of students. Students need to use their brains, imagine boldly and do it themselves in the process of completing a work and learning with computers. (5) the principle of correct use of information technology. While promoting information technology education, we can't ignore the negative impact of information garbage. The rapid development of the Internet has opened up a vast space for the development and reform of education, but it has also brought disturbing problems, such as the proliferation of unscientific, pseudoscientific, unhealthy and even harmful information garbage. It is necessary to cultivate students' ability to identify the authenticity of information and use information technology responsibly. (3) How to realize the integration of information technology and curriculum 1 and set up a good lesson with modern educational ideas is not so much to introduce modern teaching methods into teaching as to guide teaching with modern educational ideas. The progress of science and technology not only enriches the teaching content, but also promotes the continuous reform of teaching methods and means. Advanced scientific and technological achievements have brought about the improvement of teaching quality. Therefore, in the digital age, computers and their networks should become an indispensable and important technical means of modern education, but it is obviously unscientific to regard computers and their networks as a panacea to solve the crux of educational problems or a universal tool to break through teaching difficulties. Therefore, first of all, we should focus on changing teachers' concepts and let them establish modern educational concepts. Malkovich, an American expert in children's computer teaching, said: "The biggest mistake made by advanced industrial countries such as the United States and Germany is that computers can replace teachers. Only recently did they gradually understand that talent is the best educational tool. " And that "successful teaching should combine various factors. Just like learning to swim, you can't just rely on the swimming pool (hardware) or water (software), but also have good teachers. And a good teacher must be a teacher with scientific and advanced educational concepts. " 2. Without abundant information resources, building a resource library that meets the needs is like "having a car without goods". The construction of school resource database must use open, relatively unified standards that reflect the characteristics of the school, and take the integration of knowledge content as the core, instead of simply piling up discrete information, try to standardize the data and apply it to different software. All kinds of materials should pay attention to interactivity and operability, which is suitable for real-time interactive teaching. 3. The most ideal courseware for humanistic training is that creativity and design are completed by users. The best way is for front-line teachers to learn to integrate advanced educational concepts and personalized teaching characteristics into courseware when making courseware. Therefore, the improvement of teachers' information literacy has become the fundamental problem of "integration". Third, the requirements of the introduction of information technology for teachers' quality (1) There should be modern educational ideas in teaching ideas. Teachers should have new teaching concepts. How to cultivate and maintain students' interest in learning should run through the whole process of teaching. Teachers should help students build up their confidence in learning, overcome learning difficulties, step by step, and gradually move towards success, so that this successful experience can always inspire them to keep making progress. Through the introduction of information technology, the combination of interest, knowledge and practice is realized, so that students can learn knowledge and practice ability in interest. Teachers should give full play to the leading role, carefully design the teaching process and arrange teaching links according to the characteristics of students and textbooks, fully mobilize the enthusiasm and initiative of students, and let students fully experience the joy of success. In cultivating students' ideas, we should take modern educational theory as the basis, follow the cognitive law and the law of students' physical and mental development, and cultivate students' information literacy from the perspective of social development needs. (2) There should be brand-new methods and means in teaching methods. We should make full use of modern teaching equipment and various multimedia means to assist teaching. Visual static or dynamic pictures, pleasant sounds and colorful images are introduced into students' ears, attracting students' attention in a novel and unique way, mobilizing students' learning enthusiasm and strengthening their understanding and memory of what they have learned. (3) Pay attention to the role of non-intelligence factors in teaching activities. In teaching, we should stimulate learning interest, strengthen emotional communication, create a relaxed, harmonious and open learning atmosphere, and let students feel the joy of learning and satisfy their thirst for knowledge. In teaching, according to the characteristics of teaching materials, teachers, students and equipment, we should combine learning and playing, teaching and interest cultivation, knowledge and use, hands-on and brain-thinking, intelligence and non-intelligence to improve teaching effect. While paying attention to non-intellectual factors, we should pay attention to the persistence of interest and guide students to make a smooth transition from mystery and curiosity at the beginning of learning to earnest, devoted and active learning. (4) Strong sense of the times and advanced in thought. The rapid development of modern science and technology puts forward higher and newer requirements for teachers. Teachers should take the initiative to adapt to the needs of social development and teaching, keep abreast of the latest scientific and technological information through self-study and participation in training courses organized by educational administrative departments at all levels, constantly improve their professional level, constantly enrich and improve themselves and improve their information literacy. Teachers and students are no longer a bucket of water and a bowl of water, but a steady stream of living water. Fourthly, using scientific and effective information technology to optimize teaching objectives. The wide application of modern information technology in teaching has promoted great changes in teaching means, methods and contents, and accelerated the process of educational informatization. On the one hand, we should actively promote the application of modern information technology in education and teaching, on the other hand, we should give full play to the powerful advantages of modern information technology, rationally select and optimize the combination of modern information technology through teaching design, and scientifically and effectively apply modern information technology to solve education and teaching problems. 1. The wide application of information technology in teaching has promoted the fundamental change of traditional teaching methods and learning methods. Information technology has strong advantages in helping and supporting students to study independently, explore actively, solve problems, communicate and cooperate. However, teachers should not "use technology for the sake of using technology" and avoid "machine irrigation" or other teaching methods that use information technology to support students' development. 2. Correctly handle the relationship between man and machine, embody the educational concept of "people-oriented", attach importance to the sociality and humanism of teaching and learning, attach importance to people's personality and emotional requirements, and avoid the bad technology application tendency of "computer replacing human brain" and "technology replacing culture". In the process of teaching, students' needs and interests should be fully considered, so that machines can serve and provide convenience for students, instead of creating new obstacles. 3. Achieve all-round and multi-level teaching objectives and promote students' development in many aspects. Put an end to the "comprehensive electrification" that cuts off students' contact with society and life practice, do not deprive students of practical opportunities to use information technology, and avoid setting up activities such as information technology application. 4. Avoid replacing textbooks with media presentations, put an end to "textbook moving" and "classroom moving", and ignore the auxiliary role of textbooks in teaching and the main role of students in systematically mastering knowledge and realizing "internalization" of knowledge. Specifically, we can't just replace teaching materials with demonstrations and outline courseware of specific materials, but ignore guiding students to read and analyze teaching materials. Conclusion The application of information technology in education and teaching is not a simple technical problem. What needs to be emphasized is that under the guidance of scientific education concept, the learning and application of information technology should be organically combined with the renewal of education concept, and the application of information technology will lead to a comprehensive reform of education system, content, methods and means.