What are the intangible cultural heritages in Guizhou?

Buyi Opera is one of the first national intangible cultural heritage list items. Buyi opera used to be called "local opera" and "joy", but it is called "ancient art" in Buyi language. Buyi Opera in Ceheng County is mainly spread in Maqiao Town, Yata Town, Yangba Town, Biyou Township, Ba Du Town, Baikou Township, Shuangjiang Town, Zhelou Town and other places.

Ceheng Buyi Opera is a kind of opera sung in Buyi language, which is developed on the basis of Buyi's eight-tone singing (bench play). According to the historical data "Happy Pear Garden" written by Banwan Opera Troupe, Buyi Opera was formed at least in 174 1 year (the sixth year of Qingganlong), with a history of more than 270 years.

2. Dong Opera

Dong Opera is popular in Liping County, Rongjiang County and congjiang county in Guizhou Province, Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County in Guangxi Autonomous Region and some Dong villages in Tongdao Autonomous County in Hunan Province. Liping is located in the southeast of Guizhou Province, bordering Jingzhou and Tongdao in Hunan in the east, Sanjiang in Guangxi in the south and Congjiang, Rongjiang, Jianhe and Jinping in the northwest. It is the border of Guizhou, Hunan and Guangxi provinces. There are many ethnic groups in the county, and the Dong people account for more than 60%.

Dong opera can be roughly divided into two categories: one is Dong folk stories, such as Zhu Lang Niang Mei, Ye Lang, Mang Sui, Dao Mei and so on. First, it is adapted from Chinese novels and operas, such as Mei Liangyu, Qin Xianglian and Liang Zhu, and there are also Liantai dramas, such as Liang's Sit at Night, Go to the Kiln and Fight Lu Wenxiu.

3. Fuquan Yangxi

The official performance of Fuquanyang Opera is held three times a year. Performed on the first day of the first lunar month, with a performance time of 4 days and 4 nights; The second performance was performed in front of the local Guandi Temple 1 day in memory of Guan Yu on the day of the "Single Knife Meeting" on May 13th of the lunar calendar. The third performance was held on June 24th of the lunar calendar to commemorate the mythical Erlang God and the historical Erlang God (the Lord of Sichuan and the God of Water), and to pray for one side's peace. In addition, it also performs "wishing" for the people, but it is much simpler than a formal performance.

Fuquan Yangxi consists of an inner altar and an outer altar. Inner altar is a ritual ceremony of twenty-four altars, which has the nature of wishing, so it is also called "Yang Huan Opera", "Wishing Opera" or "Wishing Opera" among the people. There are twenty-four ceremonies, such as opening the altar, issuing official orders, rectifying the Qing Dynasty, and offering sacrifices to the gods, as well as "going up the knife mountain", "going down to the sea of fire" and "topping the canopy".

4. Sinan Lantern

Originated in the Tang dynasty and prevailed in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Due to historical reasons, Sinan Lantern was greatly influenced by neighboring provinces. And since the Han Dynasty, with the continuous migration of the Han nationality, the Central Plains culture, Wuyue culture and Bachu culture have successively entered and coexisted with the indigenous culture for a long time, making Sinan Lantern have a great integration. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Sinan Lantern Festival activities were frequent, and performances were mostly organized in natural villages, with lanterns and directors, that is, lamp stands.

Sinan Lantern plays an important role in Guizhou drama, which is the inevitable product of farmers' productive labor. Its theme, content and form all come from people's daily life, with strong local flavor, euphemistic singing, high-pitched lantern percussion, beautiful and charming dance and beautiful and chic costume props, which are deeply favored by people.

5. Golden Rooster Dance

The golden pheasant dance of Miao nationality is mainly distributed in Ye Gai, Dangzao, Jiashi, Paibao, Nanqun, Jia Pei, Ma 'ao, Yangxian, Yanggao, Yahui, Songlong and other Miao villages in Yahui Township of Danzhai County.

The golden pheasant dance was originally used to offer sacrifices to ancestors, and it can only be danced in the drum-offering activity of 12 1 to awaken ancestors and send them back to their resting place after the activity. Later, with the development of society, golden pheasant dance was also widely used in "eating New Festival", "jumping on the moon" and welcoming etiquette activities of large-scale celebrations.

6. Buyi's "Wendangmu"

The Buyi folk dance "Wendangmu" is popular in Dong Tang Township and Weng 'ang Township, Libo County, Guizhou Province. The county has beautiful mountains and rivers, pleasant climate and spring-like seasons. Because of its large karst area, diverse landforms and rich biology, it was declared as "Karst in South China" with Shilin in Yunnan and Wulong in Chongqing on June 27, 2007, and was listed as a world natural heritage by the 3 1 World Heritage Conference.

"Wendam" means "dwarf dance" in Chinese translation. The dance ingeniously draws a cute fat doll image on the belly, covers the face and chest of the real person with a big basket cover as a hat prop of the Buyi people, and then uses the expressive force of the waist and abdomen muscles to cause rich expression changes of the characters.

7. Miao migration dance

It is distributed in Hezhang County, Hezhe County, Leke and other towns and villages in Guizhou Province. The Miao migration dance is called "Foot Stop", which means to find a place for Hezhang Miao to live and record the historical process of Miao migration.

Miao migration dance has unique artistic value and historical value. It records the migration process of ancestors in the form of dance, with grand dance scenes, long ancient songs and slow dance steps. Some dance moves, such as "Homesickness" and "Looking Back", are hard to leave their hometown and make the audience burst into tears. Miao migration dance has a great influence on Hezhang Miao people, and it is an intuitive carrier of the national spirit formed by Miao people in a difficult environment for thousands of years.

References:

Guizhou intangible cultural heritage protection center-the first batch of heritage

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-List of Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage in Guizhou Province