Song dynasty court flower and bird painting characteristics

Song dynasty is the ancient bird and flower painting unprecedented development and made great achievements in the period, the court in the decorative wall of the hall to seek gorgeous, is the bird and flower painting in the aristocrat art occupies an important position; society in the middle of the mountain class needs and crafts and decorations, but also promotes the development of the bird and flower painting and active. Emergence of a large number of highly skilled masters, only documented more than a hundred people, such as the Northern Song dynasty of Huang Ju Bei Zhao Chang, Yi Yuan Ji, Cui Bai, Wu Yuan Yu, the Southern Song dynasty of Li Anzhong, Lin Chun, Li Di, Maosong, Mao Yi, etc. in the art of the unique specialties.

Flower and bird painting after the Five Dynasties, still adhere to the nature in-depth observation of flowers and birds, as the basis for creative ideas, skills in many aspects of the creation. The Song people not only made the image of birds and flowers subtle, but also expressed their passion for life and ideals, and linked the natural attributes with moral character, creating a large number of excellent works in different styles.

Northern Song Dynasty, the famous painter of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Huang Chyuan's son Huang Ju寀, specializing in painting flowers, bamboo, birds and birds, skilled in outlining, brushwork is strong and stable, fill color thick and gorgeous, its garden bamboo plume image of realistic, wonderful and natural; strange stone landscape more than his father, and his father with his father in the Houshu, for the Hanlin to be the imperial decree. His expression of serenity and calm, delicate and colorful "royal wealth" style, became the standard of the court bird and flower painting. For example, Huang feudal estate's partridge and sparrow picture Huang feudal estate painting partridge, mountain sparrow shows that he is more detailed and vivid observation and description, and the ecology of plants and animals have more in-depth study. Because the mountain sparrow is not a general sparrow, the appearance of its cheeks without black spots, habits are not like sparrows like to roost in the vicinity of human houses, or around the development zone. Therefore, the partridge with the mountain sparrow, not only in line with its natural ecology, but also away from the hustle and bustle of the symbolism. Rock, spines, bamboo leaves, etc. are even chapped, and then color, inheritance, development of the "Huang Jia Fu Gui" style, there is a "painting Min Zhan, not let his father" reputation (see "Yizhou famous paintings record").

Another painter in the Northern Song period broke through this stereotype, and he was Cui Bai in the mid-to-late Song period. Cui Bai, the word Zixi, bamboo plume painting, especially to express the wild feelings of the wild lotus, mallard geese, geese well-known painting, in addition, Taoist and religious figures ghosts and gods, also all excellent. When he was painting, he could put his pen to paper without a draft, and he could paint without the help of a rope, such as a long string and a blade, which is known as a masterpiece. Cui Bai is also good at character Taoist paintings, Yingzong Zhi Ping years asked, he painted in the east wall of the gallery of Xiangguo Temple Kesheng light Buddha and eleven Yao (should be repaired Gao Yi's Kesheng light Buddha descending nine Yao mural), "the gallery of the west wall, there is a Buddha store, round light penetration, the brush force wants to move, very much for the people of the time said."

Cui Bai is good at showing the movement of birds and flowers and their interrelationships in the natural environment of different seasons, such as the mountain magpies and the disturbed hares in the autumn wind in the painting "Double Happiness". Cui Bai's skillful brushwork, which could be executed without the need for a draft, and his meticulous work, brought new blood to court bird and flower painting and pushed it to a new level.

During his reign, Emperor Huizong Zhao Ji pursued a life of luxury and appointed sycophants. However, Emperor Huizong loved and valued painting, and set up the Hanlin Painting and Calligraphy Academy, which was the Palace Painting Academy at that time. He also vigorously expanded the Academy, organized painting schools, searched and appraised the court's collection of paintings, and compiled the Xuanhe Painting Catalogue. The Academy was full of talents, and it became the most prosperous period of court painting in the Middle Ages.

Zhao Ji emphasized on realism, and believed that the conception of painting should not fall into stereotypes. Zhao Ji's decadent enjoyment also made some of the paintings in the court, which were rich in flavor, have a soft and feminine atmosphere.

Northern Song Dynasty's famous bird and flower painting painter Huang feudal estate, Cui Bai and Zhao Ji painting art characteristics of these three characters can be said to be completely different, Huang feudal estate performance of the quiet and calm, delicate and colorful "royal rich" style, while Cui Bai is to break through the stereotypes, Cui Bai "sex sparse and broad degree", the style of painting, and the "royal rich" style. Cui Bai's "spaciousness and broadness of nature", "system of clear vision", natural image without traces of carving, especially in the painting of the defeat of the lotus, reed banks, cold ponds, autumn water, smoke and waves of the wild birds in the heron is particularly creative. Zhao Ji is good at the unique arrangement of image concept, unique realistic technique and unique combination of poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing.

These three painters all played an important role in the later development of bird and flower painting, especially Cui Bai's bird and flower painting had a great influence on the painting world, with a large number of followers, whose achievements were highlighted by Cui Harcourt and Wu Yuan Yu, etc. The success of Cui Bai and others replaced that of Wu Yuan Yu. The success of Cui Bai and others replaced the Huang school of bird and flower painting, which had been practiced for centuries and which even the emperor had grown tired of.

Another painter of the Southern Song Dynasty, Lin Chun, was an official of the Academy of Painting during the reign of Emperor Chunxi. Painting master Zhao Chang, painting flowers and birds, grasses and insects, fruits, light color, brushwork, color Yanmei, good at embodying the form of nature, painted small works for more, then praised as "extremely sketching the beauty of the warblers want to fly up, just like to live". Lin Chun brushwork flowers and birds, Fu color light, deep sketching of the wonderful, very interesting, the flowers and birds made directly to the color points out the object of the intensity of the layers of halo shade yin and yang to the back, especially the small strokes of fine, bright cloth, static in the movement, full of vitality, for the world's treasure. For example, his "grapes and bugs", originally contained in the "famous brushes through the ages collection of the book" (see "virtual zhai famous painting book"). The artist used a small picture to express a vibrant rural scene. Insects to double hook fill color method of painting, with line rigid and soft, not only accurately outline the autumn insects or moving or quiet various physical and emotional, but also will be the insect wings of the different texture of light or hard shells exposed, showing the author's keen observation and fine details of the performance of the painting skills. In terms of color, the coloring is light and light, with the beauty of creation. The tip of the vine is dyed red to show the tenderness of its newborn, and the edge of the leaves is slightly rendered in brown to show that the leaves are full of frost and heavy dew. This kind of halo in accordance with the laws of nature and its realistic and realistic lines complement each other, with the distinctive characteristics of the Song dynasty courtyard style brush painting.

Li Anzhong, a painter of the Southern Song Dynasty, was a skilled painter of flowers, birds and animals, especially good at "catching" (eagles and migratory birds and so on), and "Painting Supplement" said that he was "a skilled painter of catching and catching, and got the kites to seize and avoid the situation." The Southern Song Dynasty's "Hibiscus" was renowned for a while, this picture is painted with a lotus flower in the water, light red coloring, under the flower pro to green leaves, leaves under the lotus stalks of three branches. The author used the overhead close-up technique to depict the graceful appearance of the lotus flower and the quality of stainless mud. The whole picture of the brushwork is exquisite, colorful, not see the ink brush hook marks, is the Southern Song Dynasty courtyard painting in the fine arts. There is no mark on the picture, and it is rumored to be made by Wu Bing. The red flowers and green leaves occupy the whole picture, and this full-bodied composition, like a portrait, enables us to visualize and appreciate the delicate and soft lotus flowers. The delicate brushwork expresses the lotus's purity and cleanliness, and its untainted character. A blooming pink lotus flower occupies the whole picture, eye-catching and eye-catching against the turquoise leaves, the layout and coloring are dignified and atmospheric, and the gentlemanly temperament of the lotus, "out of the silt but not stained, and not demonic in the clear sea ripples," is perfectly expressed. The technique of depicting the lotus petals is similar to the "boneless" method of later times, with no trace of outlining, rendering the petals both light and moist. The artist's realism is extremely solid, and the shape, angle, color and light of each lotus petal are all arranged in an impeccable manner. As for the red silk on the petals and the powder at the end of the stamen, they are also carefully taken care of one by one, and the subtleties make one marvel at the divine workmanship!

The flower and bird paintings of the Southern Song Dynasty inherited some features of the Northern Song Dynasty and combined them with their own styles. The painters represented by Lin Chun and Li Anzhong, with refined and more detailed brushwork, had a strong observation and expression of birds and flowers, and had a profound influence on later generations.

The artistry and influence of Song dynasty flower and bird paintingSong dynasty flower and bird painting has a high degree of artistry, and this artistry is reflected in the paintings, through a Song flower and bird we can feel. The portrayal of dragonflies, birds and insects, all alive and well, Chu Chu moving, have the feeling of wings want to fly, if modern painters for the observation of life, with the help of a camera, able to high-speed shutter to capture the moment of birds flying. Literature and influence of Song dynasty flower and bird painting in the Song dynasty, due to the emperor's advocacy, the expansion of the Academy, attracted a large number of literati to participate in the creation of flower and bird paintings, in the creation of the literati, these literati and ink masters of their expertise in poetry, lyrics, literature, calligraphy into the expression of painting, expanding the field of expression of the paintings, so that the flower and bird paintings are more vivid, concise composition, the theme of the prominent. The literary nature of Song Dynasty flower and bird paintings has had a profound influence on painters of all generations. The accomplished painters of the past dynasties were all based on their profound literary skills, and they could only be called the great masters of their generation by integrating the literary mood into their paintings. The Practicality and Influence of Song Flower and Bird PaintingsIf general paintings were only used as works of art for viewing, Song flower and bird paintings were characterized by their practicality from the very beginning.

As a new generation, we should not only pass down the previous excellent flower and bird paintings of the Song Dynasty, but also combine them with the contemporary painting factors to integrate the Song Dynasty flower and bird paintings.