About bamboo fungus planting

The red bamboo fungus is a specialty of my country. It has thick meat, is fragrant, and is rich in nutrients. It is a high-quality "mountain delicacy". The foreign trade export value of each kilogram of dried product is 50 to 80 US dollars. The cultivation techniques and management experience of Dictyophora spp. are as follows.

1. Strain selection and production. At present, there are many varieties of Dictyophora spp. cultivated artificially in China. It is advisable to choose excellent varieties with fast germination, early fruiting, high yield, and high dry taste. In addition, varieties should be selected that can be harvested for 2 to 3 consecutive years after one year of inoculation.

Recipe for making original seeds and cultivated seeds: 76% sawdust or cottonseed hulls, 20% wheat bran, 1% sugar, 2% lime powder, 0.3% superphosphate, 0.3% urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, magnesium sulfate 0.1%, the ratio of feed to water is 1:1.2, and the pH value is 5.5~6. After the materials are mixed, bottle it. It is required to loosen the pine slightly and make a hole in the middle. Sterilize it under a pressure of 1.5 kg/cm2 for 2.5 hours. When the culture medium cools to 25°C, it can be inoculated. After inoculation, place it at 22 to 24 hours. After culturing in a ventilated and dark culture room at 70 to 80°C, it can be used for expansion and cultivation.

2. Selection of cultivation season and location. Dictyophora spp. is required to grow in a shady and humid environment. The cultivation site should be selected in an area with an altitude of 500 to 1,000 meters. The time is February to May and September to November. It is suitable, and the optimal temperature is 20~26℃.

Indoor cultivation can be done either underground or on a shelf. It is appropriate to build a cultivation shelf with 2 to 3 layers, with each layer being 60 centimeters high and 1.3 meters wide. Outdoors, choose a shady, fertile, semi-sandy, acidic pastoral land. No sandy soil is acceptable, but it must be covered with humus soil and sandy soil. The cultivation site should also be covered with a nearly fully shaded or fully shaded 2-meter-high awning.

3 Preparation and processing of culture materials. Perishable raw materials will cause the eggs of Dictyophora spp. to lack nutrients and cause buds and buds. Therefore, the culture materials need to be fresh and dry. The wood is best processed into a length of 10 to 12 centimeters. Miscellaneous bamboo and moso bamboo pieces can be cut into 50 cm lengths and then cracked for use. The proportion of bamboo material in the culture material should be above 30%, but bamboo shreds and bamboo chips should not be used due to poor water retention. Before planting, the raw materials should be soaked in 5% lime clarified water for 6 to 7 days, then soaked in clean water for 2 days and then cleaned to reduce the pH value to 6 to 6.5 before being picked up and set aside. The fermentation method can also be used to soak the raw materials in water and then pile them into a fermentation pile with a height of 1.2 meters and a width of 2 meters. Cover it with a film and turn the pile when the core temperature reaches 65°C. Generally, turn the soil once every 7 days. When the raw materials are decomposed and turn brown, It can be used when there is no ammonia odor.

4 Cultivation method: Spray 1000 times methamidophos pesticide aqueous solution plus 30% formaldehyde more than 10 days before sowing to sterilize the cultivation site. 2 to 3 days before sowing, loosen the pastoral soil to make a border 50 cm high and 1.3 m wide. When sowing, spread the wet mixed culture material 4 to 6 cm thick, then sow the bacteria, then spread 8 to 10 cm of culture material, and then sow the bacteria. The third layer is 2 to 4 cm thick, that is, covered with humus soil. 4 to 6 cm. The humus soil needs to be sterilized and insecticided first, and the moisture content of the soil should be kept neither dry nor wet. After that, cover it with 2 cm thick slightly moist bamboo leaves, thatch or pine needles, and finally cover with film to keep warm and moisturize the bacteria. Use 20 to 25 kilograms of dry material and 3 to 4 kilograms of bacteria per square meter. It is required that the bacteria are not broken during the sowing process and are strictly protected from light.

5 Scientific management: After sowing, control the moisture content of the culture material at 65% to 75%, and the relative air humidity at 85%. There is no need to spray water in the first 15 days. After 7 days, remove the film and ventilate it for 30 minutes every 3 days. When the temperature exceeds 30°C, you should also remove the film and cover it at night.

After 50 days of sowing at normal temperatures, the bacteria will grow out of the soil. The humidity should be increased to prevent the border cover from drying out. After the mycelium is covered with the border surface, the humidity of the border surface will be reduced to make the mycelium deficient. The water is lodging and transferred to the culture medium to continue absorbing nutrients. After 70 to 80 years, mycelium will cover the entire material surface. At this time, spray heavy water again to ensure that the water does not leak into the culture material. Open the film at night and cover it again the next morning to make the temperature difference between day and night reach more than 10°C. Spray water again after the topsoil is slightly dry. The first tide mushroom can grow 60 to 80 mature eggs per square meter. After fruiting, the relative air humidity in the membrane is kept at about 85% and the temperature does not exceed 34°C, so that the eggs can develop in a suitable temperature and humidity environment. .

Ventilate for 1 to 2 hours a day. If the temperature exceeds the temperature, remove the film in time. After 30 to 35 days, the eggs have matured and have a pointed bulge at the transverse end. During this period, more water should be sprayed, and the amount of water should be subject to no leakage. The relative air humidity should be increased to 90% to 95%, which is conducive to the differentiation of fruiting bodies. The time for spreading the red bamboo fungus with broken eggs usually starts at 9 o'clock in the night, and is completed at 3 to 4 o'clock the next morning. A small amount is spread during the day, and should be harvested in time, dehydrated, dried, and packaged for sale.

After harvesting the first tide of mushrooms, the original moisture of the culture material and soil should be replenished, and mushrooming management should continue. The method of water management is to spray more when there are more mushrooms, spray less when there are fewer mushrooms, spray more when the temperature is high and dry, spray less when the temperature is low and the humidity is high, and spray less or not at all on rainy days.

6. Prevention and control of pests and diseases. Prevention of pests and diseases is the main focus,

combination of prevention and control. The indoor environment should be maintained to maintain sanitation and sources of pests should be eliminated. Indoor and outdoor places should be disinfested twice a month. Pests found should be trapped and killed in time. If Aspergillus, Mucor and Rhizopus are found in the soil on the border, they should be removed and lime powder should be sprinkled on the affected parts. The soil should be replaced after sterilization. Ventilation should be strengthened and less water should be sprayed on days with high temperatures and humidity.

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