The victory of the ancient prose movement headed by Han Liu established a new style of writing that was free from clichés and clichés, and greatly improved the artistic functions of lyricism, narrativ

The victory of the ancient prose movement headed by Han Liu established a new style of writing that was free from clichés and clichés, and greatly improved the artistic functions of lyricism, narrative, discussion, and satire in prose. After the mid-Tang Dynasty, the ancient prose movement declined for a time. In the Song Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu once again launched the ancient prose movement. Since then, Wang Anshi, Zeng Gong, Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Che and others have achieved their own achievements under the influence of the ancient prose innovation movement. Later generations, together with Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty, were called the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". Sima Guang, a historical writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, compiled a great historical work "Zizhi Tongjian". In addition to its historical value, it also has great literary value. Under the influence of the great masters of the Northern Song Dynasty, the essayists of the Southern Song Dynasty produced some political essays that expressed the author's clear political attitude. Hu Quan, Chen Liang, and Ye Shi were the representative writers in this regard. The success of the ancient prose movement made prose more relevant and practical, as evidenced by the large number of notes and essays that appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty. Hong Mai's "Rong Zhai Essays" and Wang Mingqing's "Hui Chen Lu" are excellent works among the notes and essays. In addition, Zhu Xi (1130--1200)'s ancient prose is good at reasoning and his attainments are not shallow. Song Lian (1310--1381) in the early Ming Dynasty was "the first civil servant in the founding of the country". Some of his biographies are of great practical significance. His more famous works include "Qin Shi Lu", "Wang Mian Biography", "Li Yi Biography" and so on. After the mid-Ming Dynasty, in response to the constraints of Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism and Eight-legged Essay, the First Seven Sons, headed by Li Mengyang and He Jingming, launched the "Restore Movement", advocating that literature should be compared to the Qin and Han Dynasties. While they played a certain positive role in eradicating the stereotyped writing style, they also embarked on the path of blindly imitating the ancients. Later, the "Later Seven Sons" retro movement represented by Li Panlong and Wang Shizhen also repeated their mistakes again. Gui Youguang and other "Tang and Song Dynasty factions" first rose up against the anti-archaism faction, and then the Gong'an faction during the Wanli period also joined the team to fiercely attack anti-archaism. The Gong'an faction was represented by Yuan Zongdao, Yuan Hongdao, and Yuan Zhongdao, who were called the "Three Yuans" at the time. Yuan Hongdao (1568--1610) was the most famous. They believe that different eras have different literature, so they oppose valuing the past and devaluing the present, and imitate the ancients. Yuan Hongdao even put forward the "Spiritual Theory" out of the writer's subjective requirements. The characteristics of Gong'an School's prose creation are: breaking through the stereotypes of traditional ancient prose, naturally revealing personality, and the language is not polished. At the same time as the Gong'an faction, there was also the Jingling faction represented by Zhong Xing and Tan Yuanchun, who also advocated independent expression of one's nature and spirit. The direct product of the innovation of the Gong'an School and the Jingling School was the large number of sketch prose that appeared in the late Ming Dynasty. This was a development of traditional prose. Zhang Dai (1597--?) was one of the more accomplished writers of sketch prose. His sketches and prose have a wide range of themes, including landscapes and scenic spots, customs, opera skills and even antique toys, etc. can be included in his articles. His prose language is fresh and lively, the images are vivid, and he can read widely and briefly. "Half of July on the West Lake" and "Looking at the Snow in the Pavilion in the Heart of the Lake" are his masterpieces. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Hou Fangyu (1618--1654), who was in danger in the late Ming Dynasty, achieved high artistic achievements in his prose. His representative works include "The Biography of Li Ji", "The Biography of Ma Ling", "The Biography of Ren Yuansui" and so on. The Tongcheng School of ancient prose was the most famous school in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. The main writers Fang Bao, Liu Dahuaidou and Yao Nai were all from Tongcheng, Anhui Province, hence the name of the Tongcheng School. Fang Bao (1668--1749) inherited the tradition of Gui Youguang and put forward the idea of ??"righteousness and law", which became the basic theory of Tongcheng School's ancient prose. The Tongcheng School's selection of ancient prose works only focuses on clarifying the idea rather than piling up materials. Therefore, the articles are generally concise and natural, but lack vitality. Representative works include Fang Bao's "Prison Miscellaneous Notes", "The Anecdotes of Zuo Zhongyi", Yao Nai's "Climbing Mount Tai" and so on. Opposing the Tongcheng faction were Fushe writers who advocated "parallel prose", among whom Wang Zhong (1744--1794) was the most accomplished. In the early Qing Dynasty, there were many essayists with outstanding achievements, such as Wang Youding and Wei Xi. Wang Youding (1599--about 1661)'s legendary prose broke the traditional writing method of classical Chinese in the style of novel legend. His representative works include "The Biography of Li Yizu", "The Story of Tang Pipa", "The Story of the Yihu", etc. Wei Xi (1624--1680) was most prominent in biographies, and his representative work is "The Biography of Da Tiezhui". Kang Youwei (1858--1927) and Liang Qichao (1873--1929) were representatives of the reform movement in the late Qing Dynasty and representative writers of the academic reformists. Their prose ignores the formula of traditional ancient prose, expresses their opinions directly, and speaks freely, which is an effective tool in political struggle. Liang Qichao's new-style prose was a fierce impact on all traditional ancient prose, paving the way for the stylistic liberation of the late Qing Dynasty and the "May Fourth" vernacular movement. His "Young China" is such a typical work. Along with the criticism of feudal literature and classical Chinese, the earliest batch of modern new literary works were born, and argumentative prose is one of them, which is the source of modern prose. In the early days of the birth of new literature, those who published argumentative prose in newspapers and magazines with the greatest influence were Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Qian Xuantong, Liu Bannong, etc. Their works take the form of casual notes as the main form and cover a wide range of contents, focusing on ideological revolution and literary revolution. Lu Xun was the most accomplished writer in writing argumentative prose. Argumentative prose in its birth period served as the vanguard of anti-feudalism. The objects it discussed were close to life, specific and subtle; its form was free and could be long or short; its language could be strong and tragic, or humorous and allegorical. After argumentative prose, narrative prose and sketches also came out one after another, and modern prose entered a stage of vigorous development. The prose styles in the development period were different and varied, showing a prosperous scene. In terms of form, there are narratives, scene descriptions, expressions of feelings, expressions of ambition, and comments; in terms of style, it forms the coldness of Lu Xun, the calmness and dilution of Zhou Zuoren, the freshness and elegance of Zhu Ziqing, Bing Xin, etc., and the heroic and unrestrained style of Guo Moruo, Yu Dafu, etc. The simplicity and straightness of Ye Shengtao and Xu Dishan, the richness and splendor of Xu Zhimo, etc.At the heart of exterior architecture are details. Prose, like novels, is based on the description and narration of details, but the details are arranged and combined in different ways. It can be said that the combination of details in novels is like "holding pearls on a plate", while prose is "threading pearls through threads". The "pan" of the novel is a cross-section of society, full of conflicts, and characters of various classes and powers are either hidden or visible, and the details can only unfold organically in such a "pan". The "thread" of prose is emotional experience, more or less, you can pick it up casually and express it as you like - based on the expression of emotional experience. From this, we say that prose (should be called artistic prose) is the freest style of writing, as loose as water and with flexible techniques. As long as you understand these and write about your true self and the personal spoken language, emotional experience and detailed descriptions that arise from it, you will have mastered the essentials of prose writing. There is no need to learn too rigidly about general knowledge such as composition (such as style of writing), artistic conception, etc. , other stylistic theoretical knowledge and basic writing theories will be discussed. Prose is mainly divided into two types: narrative prose and lyrical prose (still based on the traditional unclear term). Two prose modes are listed below for beginners and higher education test takers to choose from.

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