About Japanese culture

Japan in the Tang Dynasty large-scale study of our culture, and gradually derived from their own local characteristics of Japanese culture, for Japanese culture you know how much? The following is my share of Japanese culture, take a look.

Talking about Japanese culture

Japanese culture refers to the cultural things formed in Japan. It was strongly influenced by China, especially in the early ancient period (to the early Heian period). Later, in the Heian period, due to the cessation of the dispatch of envoys to China (894) and the imposition of the lockout order in the Edo period (1633), a distinctive national culture was developed. After the Meiji Restoration, the rapid westernization of Japan and the suppression of traditional culture led to the rapid absorption of European and American culture and the rapid westernization of the cities, which brought about great changes in the lives of the common people. During the Taisho period, because of the economic boom, Japan absorbed American popular culture such as sports, movies and other hedonistic culture. However, after the 1920s, European and American culture was strictly controlled under the wartime regime of the Second World War due to the policy of the army. After the defeat of Japan, the U.S. Army promoted American culture along with ****ization, and there were also voices that denied traditional Japanese culture during this period. During the period of rapid economic growth, living habits changed drastically and many traditional customs were lost. On the other hand, Japanese people have become increasingly confident and are re-examining their own culture. In recent years, Japanese culture has gone international, with anime and video games having a great deal of influence overseas. Japan currently has 14 World Heritage Sites, of which 11 are cultural heritage and 3 are natural heritage.

Although modern Japanese culture is very much influenced by Europe and the United States, the traditional culture is still protected, and from time to time you see people wearing kimono shopping in the street. Because of the deep influence of Confucianism on the society, etiquette culture is well developed, and the strong concept of loyalty to the group is a characteristic of Japanese culture. Japan has many cultural traces of the old Chinese culture, as opposed to China: the Manchus, rulers of the Qing Dynasty, were the first and last minority rulers to be able to completely change the Chinese culture. For example, foreigners have a stereotypical image of China as a country where men wore Tang suits, cheongsams, and other Banner people's clothing (originally evolved from Manchu riding coats), and men wore pigtails during the Qing Dynasty (related to the promulgation and strict enforcement of the naginata order); the sound of musical instruments in China has changed from elegant and serene to joyful and lively, with the use of ethnic orchestral instruments such as the guzheng (zither) and the pipa (pipa), and the use of oboe, gongs and drums, and other loud blowing and percussion instruments; the architecture has also been changed to a more traditional Chinese culture. The same architectural style also changed dramatically, the original eaves became more high, the eaves more inward, the degree of curvature increased, the degree of straightness shortened by the original natural style into a magnificent; decorations from the original more natural textures and plants, become more inclined to towers and phoenixes, or historical allusions. Therefore, the Qing Dynasty caused a great change in the traditional Chinese dress, music, architecture and culture, and influence to this day; relatively speaking, the Chinese culture in Japan, but there are more preserved, such as kimono is based on the evolution of Chinese clothing; Japanese sword is improved by the ancient Chinese combat knives of the famous knife, the ancient Japanese music, architecture retained a lot of Chinese culture (especially the Tang Dynasty) the essence of the Chinese culture, and these early characteristics of the Han culture in the mainland of China is rarely can be seen again.

Japan's unique geography and long history have given rise to a distinctive Japanese culture. Cherry blossoms, kimonos, and haiku, along with samurai, sake, and Shintoism, make up two aspects of traditional Japan? Chrysanthemums and swords. In Japan, there is the famous "Three Ways", that is, the Japanese folk tea ceremony, flower ceremony, book ceremony.

Literature

The types of Japanese literature that have influenced Japanese literature are waka, koegaku, haiku, kawarayanagi, renga, and verse, in addition to kabuki, which has had a profound influence on literature. The earliest Japanese texts, such as the Kojiki and Nihonshoki, were written in Chinese characters. It was not until the Heian period that the kana, a character unique to Japan, appeared. The Tale of Genji, written by Shikibu, is considered to be the world's first novel. Waka is a type of poetry written in kana that is unique to Japan and usually consists of 5 rhymes and 31 kana; the Manabu Shikibu is the best-known compendium of waka. Haiku is also a unique literary genre in Japan, and the famous haiku writer Matsuo Basho is known as the "Haiku Saint", and his "Oku no Hosomichi" is famous all over the world. After the Meiji period, Japanese literature was influenced by the West, and famous writers such as Natsume Soseki, Mori Gouwai, Akutagawa Ryunosuke, Tanizaki Junichiro, Mishima Yukio, Kawabata Yasunari, Osamu Dazai, and Haruki Murakami and Murakami Ryu, who are known as the "Double Murakami," appeared. Currently, light novels are getting a lot of attention in Japan as well.

Japan has two Nobel Prize winners for literature, Yasunari Kawabata (1968) and Kenzaburo Oe (1994).

ArchitectureThe architecture of Japan was dominated by shrines, Buddhist temples, and palaces, with a strong Chinese influence, and in the Middle Ages, castles, which symbolized the prosperity of cities, appeared. After the Meiji era, as foreigners began to live in Japan, many buildings were designed in the Western style, and now, like the Tokyo Tower, they have become a landmark in Tokyo.

Horyuji Temple in Nara Prefecture is the earliest surviving building in Japan, and is considered to be the centerpiece of Asuka-era architecture, as well as the oldest wooden building in the world. Horyuji was built in the 7th century as a private temple for Prince Shotoku, and consists of 41 separate buildings; the most important of which are the Kindo and the Five-storied Pagoda, which are located in the center of an open space surrounded by a veranda. The Gindang is a two-storey beam and column building with a gassho-zukuri roof in the Chinese Buddhist style.

The Todaiji Temple in Nara is a representative temple building of the 8th century. As the head temple of all 68 Kokubunji temples of the Rinzai system (an administrative division of Japan in ancient times), Todaiji is the most massive religious building in the early history of Chinese Buddhism in Japan. The Great Buddha of Rushena, located in the Golden Hall, stands about 16.2 meters (53 feet) tall, and this statue represents the spirit of Buddhism, just as Todaiji represents the center of all Buddhist temples in Japan, and its contribution to the spread of Buddhism. However, only a small portion of the original statue has been preserved, and the current Kindo and Daibutsu statues were reconstructed during the Heian period.

ArtsThe traditional performing arts of Japan include Kabuki, Noh theater, Kyogen, Bunraku, Manzai, and Rakugo. Noh is a classical song-and-dance theater unique to Japan, in which actors wear masks (noh masks) to perform. Kabuki, which originated at the end of the Warring States period, is a more popular art than Noh, and the actors must be male. Bunraku, also known as humanoid joruri, is a type of puppet theater.

Katsushika Hokusai's ukiyo-e "Kanagawa Surfing"

Japanese painting is divided into monochrome and two-color paintings. Ukiyo-e is the most widely recognized type of Japanese painting, and it had a significant impact on Western impressionist art.

Japanese lacquerware is a world-renowned craft, and the word "japan" means not only "Japan" but also lacquerware. Japanese lacquerware is characterized by gold and silver as a decorative pattern, the so-called "maki-e", gold, silver chips embedded in the lacquer, dry push light treatment, showing the most luxurious gold and silver color, and sometimes inlaid with inlays, silver wire, shen gold pattern of birds, flowers, grasses and insects, or auspicious motifs, has a very high artistic value.

The Flower Ceremony, the Tea Ceremony and the Incense Ceremony all came to Japan along with Buddhism, and have now taken root in Japan and become an important part of Japanese art.

ReligionThe religious consciousness of the Japanese is complex, and there are quite a number of people who practice most religions at the same time (e.g. Shintoism and Buddhism). However, it is generally recognized that Shintoism is the most widely practiced religion in Japan. There are over a thousand shrines throughout Japan, some of which attract travelers from all over the world. According to the Nihonshoki, Buddhism was introduced to Japan in 552 A.D. In the early 7th century, Prince Shotoku built Horyuji Temple, which was dedicated to the promotion and popularization of Buddhism, and many Buddhist temples were built. In addition, ____ was introduced to Japan in the 16th century, and although it was banned in the Edo period, it was lifted in the Meiji period and still has many followers today, as well as some Japanese practicing various emerging religions.

CuisineThe traditional staple of Japanese cuisine is rice, which is then accompanied by other dishes? Fish, meat, vegetables, pickles, and soup. The name of the dish is given to the number of dishes. The simplest Japanese meal is the "one-course meal" (Japanese: 一汁一菜/いちじゅういっさい ichijū-issai*), which consists of a dish of pickled vegetables (usually pickled carrots), a bowl of rice, and a bowl of soup; the traditional Japanese breakfast consists of miso soup, rice, and a dish of pickled vegetables. The most common dish is called "sansai-meal" (Japanese: ichiju-sansai ichijū-sansai), which consists of miso soup, rice, and three plates of pickles. It consists of soup, rice, and three dishes cooked in different ways. The three dishes are usually a dish of sashimi, a dish of grilled vegetables, and a dish of boiled vegetables, or they are steamed, fried, vinegared, or drizzled with sauce. The "three-course meal" is often accompanied by pickles and green tea. A popular pickle is umeboshi (dried plums).

Since Japan is an island nation, the Japanese people are very fond of seafood, including fish, shellfish, and octopus. The Japanese people are very fond of seafood, including fish, shellfish, octopus, shrimp, crab, and seaweed. Although Japan is not considered a carnivorous nation compared to other countries (Japan did not eat meat for a long time before the Meiji era), few Japanese would consider themselves vegetarians. Nowadays, Japanese people also eat a lot of beef and chicken, and these two kinds of meat are often found in daily dishes.

Although noodles are of Chinese origin, they have become an important part of Japanese cuisine. The two traditional types of noodles, soba and udon, are usually served in a broth made from fish flavored with soy sauce and different kinds of vegetables. Another popular type of noodle is ramen, which was imported from China in the early 1900s. There are many different types of broths used for ramen, such as a stock made from fish and soy sauce, or a stock made from pork and cream.

Specialty of Japanese cuisine: Sushi

One of the specialties of Japanese cuisine is raw food, and any food such as tuna, salmon, puffer fish, octopus, beef, chicken, and eggs can be eaten raw.

Japanese food is characterized by sushi, sashimi, sake, bento (boxed lunch), natto, tempura, takoyaki, takoyaki, soba, sukiyaki, and beef donburi.

Japanese eating utensils use small bowls and modified chopsticks.

Manga

The highly developed Japanese manga has become a unique and influential genre in the world of manga.

Japanese manga readers of all ages are drawn from a wide range of subjects, and since the 1950s, manga has become a major part of the Japanese publishing industry, with the market capitalization of manga reaching 481 billion yen in 2006, and all but a small percentage of manga is in color. Most Japanese manga are printed in black and white, except for a small percentage in color.

In Japan, manga is usually serialized in manga magazines, and each issue of a manga magazine may contain several manga series, but only one chapter of each series is published in the next issue. If a series has been running for a while and has been well received by readers, it is usually published as a one-shot. Multiple chapters of a manga can be collected in a one-shot (unlike manga magazines, a one-shot is limited to a single manga series).

Japan has a large number of manga readers. To meet the needs of readers, there are special manga cafes (manga kiba) where readers can drink coffee and read manga, and many people spend the night in manga cafes.

The export of Japanese manga overseas began in the late 1970s. In recent years, the Japanese manga industry has expanded globally; worldwide, Japanese manga has become increasingly popular. Many foreign publishers translate and distribute Japanese manga in foreign languages under license.

Most Japanese manga have some **** the same characteristics: manga characters' bodies and limbs are closer to real people, heads and eyes are bigger, and noses and mouths are smaller than real people. Japanese manga has never intentionally depicted ethnic characteristics, and sometimes even gender is difficult to distinguish. Most of the ages are set at the teenage stage, so the contours and wrinkles of the faces are relatively small. In addition, characters in Japanese manga usually have unusual personalities and emotional expressions.

Video games

Video games, also known as arcade games, are an extension of anime. Unlike American games, which emphasize the sense of operation, Japanese games focus more on the details of the game, small games are simple and easy to play, and big games are mixed with a lot of small games to increase the entertainment, of course, there are also Japanese and American elements at the same time. Japanese game console manufacturers accounted for two of the three major game console business, including Sony (SONY), Nintendo, but also has been withdrawn from the SEGA (SEGA).