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Bird's eye view of Chinese and Western gardens

First of all, the classical Chinese gardens on the garden landscape is mainly imitation of nature, that is, the use of artificial forces to build the natural scenery, to achieve the "although there are people, just like the sky from the opening" of the state of the art. Therefore, in addition to a large number of buildings in the garden, but also chiseled pools and mountains, planting flowers and trees, with artificial imitation of natural landscape scenery, or the use of ancient landscape paintings as a blueprint, with the poetry of the mood, constituting a number of picturesque scenes. Therefore, the classical Chinese garden is a synthesis of many arts, such as architecture, pond, gardening, painting, sculpture and even poetry.

Secondly, the classical Chinese gardens are limited by the historical conditions of the long-term feudal society, the vast majority of them are closed, that is, the gardens are surrounded by walls, the scenery hidden in the garden. Moreover, except for a few royal palaces, the area of gardens is generally small. To reproduce the beauty of natural landscape in a small area, the most important and difficult thing is to break through the limitations of space, so that the limited space to show an infinite richness of the garden. In this regard, classical Chinese gardens have high artistic achievements, which have become the essence of classical Chinese gardens. Thirdly, Chinese classical garden is especially good at utilizing various buildings with strong national style, such as pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions, corridors, pavilions, xuanxuan, boats, pavilions, bridges and so on, together with natural water, stone, flowers, wood and so on, to form a garden that embodies a variety of interests.

Classical Chinese gardens not only objectively and truly reflect the different historical backgrounds of Chinese dynasties, the rise and fall of social economy and the level of engineering technology, but also distinctively reflect the evolution of the Chinese people's view of nature, life and the world view, and imply the influence of philosophical or religious thoughts such as Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and other philosophical or religious thoughts and traditional arts such as landscape poetry and painting; it unites the hard work and wisdom of the Chinese intellectuals and skilled craftsmen. It is a combination of the hard work and wisdom of Chinese intellectuals and skilled craftsmen.

Three, the East and the West garden art mutual influence should be seen, the East and the West garden art is complementary, each has its own strengths and difficult to learn from. Such as the Spanish garden by the influence of Islamic garden style, the layout of most of them are: square garden surrounded by buildings, buildings have arcades, the court has a pool, inside and outside the garden has woods.

Seventeenth century to the 18th century, Britain began to accept the idea of Chinese gardening. The Encyclopedia? British Natural Landscape Garden" introduced: in "On the Epicurean Garden" mentioned: completely irregular Chinese gardens may be more beautiful than other forms of gardens. 1757, 1772, the British gardener W? Chambers published "Chinese architectural design", "Oriental gardening panegyric" and other writings, he introduced the gardens that he had witnessed in China to the United Kingdom, and advocated that the introduction of the Chinese mood of the British garden in the architectural vignettes in English gardens.

Chinese gardens also have an influence on French gardens. It is said that there are more than 20 imitation Chinese classical gardens in Paris, France. 1670, built in Versailles, the blue and white porcelain palace, imitated the Nanjing glazed towers. 18th century, the French from the missionaries sent from China in the report to further understand the Chinese art of gardening. 1774, in Versailles gardens built in the garden of the small Triannon garden, the garden pick up the mountain superimposed stones, the construction of pavilions and pavilions, the pursuit of the natural wildlife, known as Chinese gardens. called Chinese-style garden.

The West has its own systematic and depth in the theory of gardening, in the rigorous planning has its own characteristics. Especially since the modern era vigorously promote public **** garden, which is more prominent than the East.

Chinese gardens, in the Ming and Qing dynasties have been affected by Western culture. Qing Dynasty, built in the suburbs of the capital city known as the Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens - Yuanmingyuan, which is a fusion of Chinese and Western garden art. The landscape arrangement and courtyard design in the garden are Chinese, while a large number of sculptures and pavilions are Western. Yuanmingyuan was destroyed by the Eight-Power Allied Forces, but from the remnants of the columns and beams can be seen in the Western ornamental patterns, such as the Yuan Ying Guan, Haiyan Hall, the square appearance of the Western-style buildings.

Late Qing Dynasty, with the emergence of the tenancy, Western culture has strengthened the penetration of China, the Yangtze River Basin appeared a number of imitation of Western-style gardens. Such as Shanghai's Verdun Park, French Park Sinking Bed Garden have French Le N?tre style. Wuxi Xishan south slope of the water terrace with Italian Terrace Garden style.

From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, private gardens are also westernized. For example, the Meiyuan and Liyuan gardens in Wuxi were known as gardens combining East and West. Some bureaucrats, buyers, merchants, and scribes were the most influenced by Western ideas, and almost all of their gardens were westernized.

In short, the Chinese and Western gardens influence each other, there are similarities and differences. Western gardens pursue the beauty of the material form, the beauty of artificiality, the beauty of geometric layout, the beauty of the unobstructed. Chinese gardens in pursuit of the beauty of the rhyme, the beauty of nature and human harmony, the beauty of romanticism, the beauty of the rhythm. If the western garden is compared to oil painting, then the Chinese garden can be compared to landscape painting, Chinese gardens are more naturalized than western gardens.