I would like to ask, "Talking about the understanding and knowledge of digital technology and economy" is to talk about them and their relationship respectively, or to talk about digital economy?

In recent years, the digital economy has developed rapidly, radiated widely and exerted unprecedented influence, and is becoming a key force in reorganizing global factor resources, reshaping the global economic structure and changing the global competition pattern. 202 1, for digital economy, the biggest theme is change. The myth of "getting rich overnight" in the Internet industry is less, the "spillover effect" of the digital economy is more, and the innovation vitality of digital and platform economy practitioners is stronger.

big data

The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the position and role of big data in promoting economic and social development. In 20 14, big data was written into the government work report for the first time and gradually became the focus of attention of governments at all levels. 2065438+In September, 2005, the State Council issued the Action Plan to Promote the Development of Big Data, and big data officially rose to the national strategic level. The report of the 19th National Congress proposed to promote the deep integration of big data and the real economy.

National ministries and commissions have successively issued big data-related plans.

The 14th Five-Year Plan for People's Republic of China (PRC)'s National Economic and Social Development and the Outline of Long-term Goals in 2035 (hereinafter referred to as the 14th Five-Year Plan) has made important arrangements for the development of big data. At the same time, in order to promote the high-quality development of China's big data industry, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan", which is also the second five-year plan of China's big data industry.

In March, 20021,the Tenth Five-Year Plan was officially released. "Big data" appeared in the draft plan for 14 times, while "data" appeared for more than 60 times. Compared with the chapter "Real-time National Big Data Strategy" devoted to the development of big data in the 13th Five-Year Plan five years ago, the development of big data in the 14th Five-Year Plan has been integrated into all chapters. To a certain extent, this shows that big data is not only an emerging technology industry, but also a new concept, new resources and new impetus integrated into various fields of economic and social development.

202 1, 1 1 At the end of the year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Top 15 Data Industry Development Plan". On the basis of responding to the national Tenth Five-Year Plan, focusing on the six basic principles of "value leading, foundation first, system promotion, integrated innovation, safe development and open cooperation", it is pointed out that the big data industry will enter a new high-quality development stage of "integrated innovation, rapid development, deep application and structural optimization" in the critical period of China's digital economy.

Many provinces and cities have issued relevant "data regulations"

Since 20021,local governments have promulgated relevant data laws and regulations (including big data laws and regulations, data laws and regulations and digital economy laws and regulations, collectively referred to as "data laws and regulations") in combination with the actual development of the region, constantly promoting the development and application of data. According to statistics, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Fujian, Shandong, Guangdong, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jilin, Shanxi, Hainan, Tianjin and Guizhou *** 12 provinces and cities have officially promulgated relevant data regulations.

From the perspective of the application fields of the regulations, Fujian, Shandong, Anhui, Jilin, Shanxi, Hainan, Tianjin and Guizhou have all introduced big data regulations, mainly for the public data field. Public data mainly refers to a large amount of data accumulated by administrative organs at all levels and public service enterprises in the process of performing their duties and providing services. Some cities name public data as government data, but the data types are similar.

The data regulations issued by Shenzhen and Shanghai cover not only public data, but also personal data, and have a wider scope of application. Among them, the Shanghai Data Regulations specifically stipulates the circulation, disclosure and enjoyment of public and personal data, as well as the rights and obligations of relevant units and government departments; The Data Regulations of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone covers personal data, public data, data factor market, data security, etc. It is the first basic and comprehensive legislation in the domestic data field.

Zhejiang and Guangdong have promulgated regulations on digital economy. Among them, the Regulations on the Promotion of Digital Economy in Zhejiang Province raised the basic concepts related to the digital economy to legal concepts for the first time, focusing on the two major supports of digital infrastructure and data resources and the three major points of digital industrialization, industrial digitalization and governance digitalization. The Regulations on the Promotion of Digital Economy in Guangdong Province focuses on the two cores of "digital industrialization and industrial digitalization", highlighting the digital transformation of manufacturing industry and doing a good job in the development, utilization, protection and technological innovation of data resources.

The construction of big data laws and regulations system has been continuously improved

Legal system is an important guarantee for the marketization of data elements. 202 1, China's data legislation has made rapid progress. The Data Security Law and the Personal Information Protection Law, which have attracted much attention, have been promulgated one after another, which together with the Cyber Security Law constitute the "troika" in the field of data compliance, marking the initial establishment of the legal framework for data compliance. On this basis, since the beginning of this year, laws and judicial interpretations of key industries and emerging technologies have been issued intensively, and local legislation has achieved fruitful results, which has provided strong support for national security, provided clear compliance guidelines for the development of industries and technologies, and provided more comprehensive rights and interests for the people.

Among them, the promulgation of "Data Security Law" and "Personal Information Protection Law" faces the urgent needs of industrial and social development in the digital economy era, laying a solid legal foundation for the market-oriented development of data elements, data security and personal rights protection.

Data security law

The Data Security Law was passed at the 29th meeting of the 13th NPC Standing Committee on June, 20265438 1. The full text * * * consists of seven chapters and 55 articles, which are regulated in detail from the perspectives of data security and development, data security system, data security protection obligations, and government data security and openness.

personal information protection law

The Law on the Protection of Personal Information was adopted at the 13th meeting of the 13th NPC Standing Committee on August 20th, 20021. This indicates that personal information rights and interests have been more systematically guaranteed by the rule of law, and personal information processing activities have been more clearly guided by law. Since then, the development and governance of digital economy in China has entered a new stage. The Law on the Protection of Personal Information stipulates the legal concept of "processing" of personal information, which is regarded as the general term for the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, disclosure and deletion of personal information. The key to the implementation of the Personal Information Protection Law is to standardize personal information processing activities in accordance with the basic principles of personal information processing stipulated in it.

The exchange set off a new round of data "gold rush"

With the proposal of "market-oriented allocation of data elements", all parts of the country continue to set up data trading institutions as the main starting point to promote the circulation of data elements and once again set off a construction boom.

On March 3, 20021kloc-0/day, Beijing Economic and Information Bureau, together with Beijing Finance Bureau, Beijing Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Beijing Municipal Information Office and other departments, organized Beijing Financial Holdings Group to take the lead in establishing Beijing International Big Data Exchange Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Beijing Digital Exchange"), which is the first data exchange in China based on a new trading paradigm of "invisible data availability and controllable and measurable use".

2021165438+1October 25th, the opening ceremony of Shanghai Data Exchange was held in Shanghai, and the first batch of partial transactions were completed. The establishment of Shanghai Data Exchange has formed a series of innovative arrangements around key issues, such as difficulty in confirming rights, pricing, mutual trust, access and supervision. First, the number quotient system will be launched nationwide, and a new format of "number quotient" will be built, covering data transaction subjects, data compliance consulting, quality evaluation, asset evaluation, delivery and other fields, so as to cultivate and standardize new subjects and build a more prosperous circulation transaction ecology. Second, it took the lead in introducing the supporting system of data transaction in China, and provided a series of institutional norms for the whole process of data transaction, covering all kinds of methods, norms, guidelines and standards from data exchange and data transaction to data transaction ecosystem, and established the basic principle of "no listing without compliance, no transaction without scene", which made data circulation transactions have rules to follow. The third is to launch the first all-digital data trading system in China, and launch a new generation of intelligent data trading system to ensure full-time listing, global trading and full traceability of data transactions. Fourth, the first data product registration certificate was issued nationwide. By issuing the data product registration certificate and data transaction certificate for the first time, the registration, statistics and investigation of one number and one code can be realized. The fifth is the first data product manual in China, which makes data readable in the form of data product manual and turns abstract data into concrete products.

202 1 65438+February 1. According to public information, Shenzhen Data Exchange Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Shenzhen Digital Exchange") has completed the industrial and commercial registration with a registered capital of1100 million yuan. In terms of shareholder composition, the newly established shareholders are Shenzhen Trade Group, Shenzhen Smart City Technology Development Group and Shenzhen Futian New Generation Industrial Investment Service Co., Ltd. At present, all three companies are wholly-owned enterprises of Shenzhen SASAC and Shenzhen Futian District Finance Bureau. This means that Shenzhen Stock Exchange is a wholly state-owned company. At present, Shenzhen Stock Exchange has completed the development of the prototype system of data trading platform and the formulation of 10 rules and standards such as the Trading Rules of Shenzhen Data Exchange Co., Ltd., and has actively explored data privacy protection and cross-border data trading. Relevant persons of Shenzhen Stock Exchange told reporters that the data trading platform of Shenzhen Stock Exchange will follow the classified trading mechanism. For highly confidential data, privacy computing technology will be used to ensure data security and realize "availability and invisibility" of data.

202 1 12 17, the awarding ceremony of western data exchange center was held in Chongqing. Previously, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Central Network Information Office approved the "Work Plan for Building a National Digital Economy Innovation Experimental Zone in Chongqing", clearly supporting Chongqing's exploration and construction of a western data trading center. Chongqing Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government will speed up the construction of the western data trading center, and write it into the 14th Five-Year Plan for Chongqing's national economic and social development and the outline of the long-term goal in 2035, and the western data trading center will receive state support. According to official sources, the current data trading market in the western region is about 654.38+000 billion yuan. By 2030, the scale of the data trading market in the western region is expected to reach 300 billion yuan, and the development of the data element market in the western region will usher in a major opportunity.

digital economy

In recent years, China's digital economy has accelerated its development, showing strong development vitality and great development potential. In 2020, the added value of core industries in the digital economy will account for 7.8% of the economy. The digital transformation of manufacturing industry has been fully accelerated. The total number of industrial Internet platform access devices has exceeded 70 million. The numerical control rate of key processes in key areas and the penetration rate of digital R&D design tools reached 53.7% and 73.7% respectively.

202 1 is the first year of the "14th Five-Year Plan", an important year to open a new chapter of high-quality development, an important year for the strategic significance of the digital economy to rise to a new height and the digital economy to enter a new stage of high-quality and healthy development.

The central government has made many arrangements for developing the digital economy.

Since the beginning of this year, the central government has made arrangements for the development of the digital economy many times, and the digital economy has risen to the national strategic level. Driven by this, the leading position of digital economy in economic development continues to emerge: digital industrialization has a strong development momentum and has become a new kinetic energy for the development of digital economy; The application of industrial digitalization has accelerated, and traditional industries have renewed their vitality; Digital governance is unprecedented, and the digital ecology is becoming more and more perfect.

The 2002114th Five-Year Plan has listed "accelerating digital development and building a digital China" as a separate item, which is the first time to put forward a new economic indicator that the added value of the core industries of the digital economy accounts for the GDP, and explicitly requires that the added value of the core industries of China's digital economy account for the GDP from 7.8% in 2020 to 10%.

10 10/8 Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party emphasized that in recent years, technologies such as internet, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and blockchain have accelerated their innovation and are increasingly integrated into the whole process of economic and social development. The digital economy is developing at an unprecedented speed, with a wide range of radiation and deep influence, and is becoming a global reorganization.

On February 27th, 65438, the Central Cyber Security and Informatization Committee issued the "National" 14th Five-Year Plan "(hereinafter referred to as the" Plan ") to make arrangements for China's informatization development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. The plan proposes to focus on promoting the high-quality development of the digital economy, and has deployed three tasks, including cultivating an advanced and secure digital industry system, building an industrial digital transformation and development system, and expanding a mutually beneficial and win-win international cooperation system in the digital field. The digital economy will lead the construction of modern industries, open wider, wider and deeper to the outside world, and promote the quality change, efficiency change and power change of economic development.

The "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" of digital economy was issued in various places.

This year is the first year of the 14 th Five-Year Plan, and all localities regard the digital economy as an important force for development during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period. Since the beginning of this year, Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Shandong, Sichuan, Hunan and other places have improved the top-level design, formulated and promulgated the digital economy development plan during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, defined the objectives, actions and measures, created a good digital ecology, and further released the digital economy development dividend.

Beijing

During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Beijing will seize the opportunity window of digital economy development, and take "digital intelligent technology-digital intelligent economy-digital intelligent society-digital intelligent city" as the main line, and gradually build itself into a global digital economy benchmark city. Beijing will take the construction of an international science and technology innovation center as the new engine, and by 2025, the Beijing international science and technology innovation center will basically take shape; By 2035, Beijing International Science and Technology Innovation Center will lead the world in innovation, competitiveness and radiation, form an international talent highland, and effectively support the construction of China's science and technology power.

Zhejiang Province

Zhejiang is the first place in digital economy and has a good foundation for developing digital economy. The 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Digital Economy in Zhejiang Province proposes that by 2025, the development level of digital economy will be in the forefront of the country and reach the advanced level in the world, and the added value of digital economy will account for about 60% of GDP. High-level construction of the national digital economy innovation and development pilot zone, the "three districts and three centers" accelerated, and became a major landmark achievement to show the "important window".

Shandong (province)

The Plan of Building a Strong Digital Province in Shandong Province during the Tenth Five-Year Plan has made an overall design of the objectives, tasks, major projects, major projects and promotion measures for building a strong digital province in Shandong during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period. It is clear that by 2025, Shandong will make a major breakthrough in the construction of a strong digital province and achieve remarkable results in the transformation of production methods, lifestyles and governance methods driven by the overall digital transformation. The digital economy and the real economy will be deeply integrated, and the achievements of digital infrastructure, digital government and digital society will be greatly improved. The overall work has always been in the "first phalanx" of the country.

At the same time, many places have formulated the development goals of a new round of digital economy.

As the number one digital economy in China for many years, Guangdong proposes that by 2025, the operating income of digital industrial clusters will exceed 10.7 trillion yuan, forming a number of parks and enterprises with core competitiveness; More than 50,000 industrial enterprises have implemented digital transformation, driving 6,543,800 enterprises to use the cloud, and new formats and new models are increasingly prosperous.

Hunan has made it clear that by 2025, the scale of the digital economy will reach 10, exceeding 2.5 trillion yuan, and the compound annual growth rate will remain above 15.8%; The digital economy accounts for 45% of GDP, of which the total amount of digital industrialization exceeds 750 billion yuan, and the total amount of industrial digitalization exceeds 1.75 trillion yuan.

Sichuan strives to greatly increase the contribution rate of digital economy to GDP by 2022, with the scale of digital economy exceeding 2 trillion yuan, accounting for 40% of GDP.

Hainan proposes that by 2025, the operating income of the digital economy industry will reach 400 billion yuan.

It can be seen from the relevant digital economy plans issued in various places that the development of digital economy has become the same action in many provinces. All localities have put forward the development goal of preemptive strike, defined the picture of promoting the all-round development of digital economy during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, and strived to become the "leader" of the new track of digital economy development.

Apply to join the digital economy partnership agreement

China formally applied to join the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement.

1 65438+1October1day, the Ministry of Commerce of China formally applied for joining the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA) on behalf of China. According to the Ministry of Commerce, the application for joining DEPA is in line with China's direction of further deepening domestic reform and high-level opening-up, which will help China to strengthen cooperation with other members in the field of digital economy and promote innovation and sustainable development under the new development pattern. In the next step, China will carry out follow-up work with members in accordance with the relevant procedures of DEPA.

It is reported that the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA) was signed online by Singapore, Chile and New Zealand on June 12, 2020. DEPA includes 16 modules: preliminary clauses and general definitions, commercial and trade facilitation, digital products and related issues, data issues, extensive trust environment, commercial and consumer trust, digital identity, emerging trends and technologies, innovation and digital economy, SME cooperation, digital inclusion, joint committees and contact points, transparency, dispute resolution, exceptions and final clauses.

In the era of digital economy, the anti-monopoly of platform economy is becoming increasingly strict.

Anti-monopoly is not only a necessary measure to regulate the healthy development of platform economy, but also an inherent requirement for the high-quality development of digital economy. With the vigorous development of digital economy, domestic anti-monopoly law enforcement against large Internet technology companies has been strengthened. Since 20021,a series of words such as "choose one from two", algorithm * * *, big data killing and so on have been frequently reported by the market supervision department, and anti-monopoly has received unprecedented attention. According to statistics, as of 2002165438+February, the State Administration of Markets issued more than 20 cases of anti-monopoly punishment/kloc-0, of which more than 90 cases were related to platform enterprises.

On February 8, 20021year, the General Administration of Market Supervision imposed an administrative penalty of 3 million yuan on Vipshop's "two choices" behavior. On April 10, the General Administration of Market Supervision imposed an administrative penalty on Alibaba Group, ordered it to stop its illegal behavior, and imposed a fine of182.28 million yuan, accounting for 4% of its sales in 20 19, setting a record for anti-monopoly fines in China so far. Meituan was also investigated for the same reason and was fined more than 3.4 billion yuan. 165438+1On October 20th, the State Administration of Markets issued 43 anti-monopoly "fines" for "failure to declare illegal concentration of business operators according to law" in the Internet field. Internet giants such as Ali, Tencent, JD.COM, Baidu and ByteDance were not spared, and the enterprises involved were fined 500,000 yuan according to the highest standards.

At the same time, the anti-monopoly regulatory agencies have been further upgraded. 165438+1October 18, the State Administration of Markets listed the State Anti-Monopoly Bureau, and set up three departments: the first anti-monopoly law enforcement department, the second anti-monopoly law enforcement department and the competition policy coordination department. Judging from the institutional responsibilities of the three new departments and bureaus, monopoly agreements in the digital economy, law enforcement by abusing market dominance, and centralized anti-monopoly review of operators in the digital economy are listed separately. Digital economy is still the key area of supervision and law enforcement.

The anti-monopoly law at the governance port is also being revised. For the internet field, it is stipulated that data and algorithms, technology, financial advantages and platform rules should not be abused to exclude or restrict competition. The Personal Information Protection Law, implemented on June 1 65438+1October1,runs through the main line of information autonomy, endows individuals with rich information rights, greatly restricts and regulates the information processing behavior of platform enterprises, and helps to eliminate the disparity between platforms and individuals. The newly added "Big Data Killing" clause further enriches the regulatory path of discriminatory pricing issues.

The supporting rules for the supervision of platform enterprises are also being stepped up. The Anti-monopoly Guide of Platform Economy provides a preliminary framework for the anti-monopoly work in the field of platform economy in China. "Guidelines for Classification and Grading of Internet Platforms (Draft for Comment)" and "Guidelines for Implementing Subject Responsibility of Internet Platforms (Draft for Comment)" have established the regulatory thinking of platform classification and grading, and China's "digital gatekeeper" system is ready to emerge; "Regulations on Network Data Security Management (Draft for Comment)", and then add a "tightening spell" to super platforms, platform rules and privacy policies. Administrative permission may be required.

The General Administration of Market Supervision, the Internet Information Office, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other departments have taken a multi-pronged approach. Relevant administrative regulations and normative documents make the "capillary" of supervision more smooth, and the era of strong supervision and scientific supervision of platform economy has arrived.

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