Apple has low yield and poor quality. What can be done to improve it?

It is mainly based on Qiaohua's densely planted Fuji orchards, which are over 10 years old and have a planting density of more than 45 plants per mu. Other varieties such as Gala, Qin Guan or short-branch varieties (short-branch Fuji and short-branch Red Star) can be used for reference. The key point of transformation is the closed orchard with a yield of more than 80,000 branches per mu, a crown coverage rate of more than 90%, inter-plant handover and an inter-row operation zone of less than 0.5 meters.

Second, the main technical measures

1, reasonable sexual intercourse, reduce group density.

In the transition period, it is the simplest technical measure, which is the simplest and easy to operate in the garden. It can also improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the orchard and increase productivity. According to the factors such as planting density, tree age, crown and Yuehua plantation, we can adopt "one-time" and "planning intervention". The most targeted orchards advocate "one interval" mode.

2. Reduce branches and optimize the tree structure.

During my stay in Oddo Orchard, the total number of branches was reduced by half. The remaining trees, pruning methods and pruning amount are very different from those in an uninterrupted garden. First of all, the pruning method must be changed from "crown" to "expansion" and "short cutting and shrinking" to "long cutting and dismantling". According to the principle of "disorder first", the number of main branches should be gradually reduced and the tree structure should be adjusted. Second, appropriately reduce the amount of pruning (pruning), pruning in winter generally does not exceed 20% of the total number of branches of the whole tree, especially in a year, it is necessary to enter Christon and Jehovah, and keep a large number of leaves or more to avoid excessive impact on production.

3, pruning for a long time, and cultivating optimized branches.

On the basis of cultivating efficient tree skeleton structure, cultivating a large number of vertical fruit groups or fruit groups with low uniaxial elongation is the key to high quality and efficient production of global orchards. Its core is the "long arrangement, removal and pruning" of "short cutting, retraction and pruning", and it attaches importance to the supporting application of opening angle and extending branches.

Third, support protective measures.

1. Prevention and treatment, wound protection and decay. In the process of improvement, protective measures must be taken for shears and saws, especially for large wounds with coating or drug protection, so as to promote wound healing and reduce decay.

2. Soil management. Replenish the orchard, implement it, strengthen fertilizer management measures, promote tree growth and crown recovery, and advocate the application of orchard grass planting technology.

3. Administrator. The output of orchards with medium management level decreased by 20% ~ 30% during the year. In order to make up for the loss of yield, we should strengthen synthesis, fruit interplanting, auxiliary pollination and comparative harvest to improve the quality and level of fruit.