Briefly describe the history of Guangxi.

About 3000 years ago, Guangxi began to enter a civilized society.

In pre-Qin period, Guangxi was the land of Baiyue, and in Warring States period, it belonged to Chu.

In the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (2 14 BC), China was unified and three counties of Guilin, Nanhai and Elephant were established. Now Guangxi belongs to all of Guilin County, one of elephant counties, and one of Nanhai, Changsha and central Guizhou counties, so it is called Guangxi for short.

At the end of Qin Dynasty and the beginning of Han Dynasty, Guangxi was under the jurisdiction of Nanyue State.

After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty pacified South Vietnam, there were three counties in Guangxi: Cangwu, Yulin and Hepu.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, most of Guangxi was under the jurisdiction of Jiaozhou, while during the Three Kingdoms period, most of Guangxi was under the jurisdiction of Wu, and a small part of northwest Guangxi was under the jurisdiction of Shu.

The Jin Dynasty belonged to Guangzhou, Jiaozhou and Xiangzhou.

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Southern Dynasties were under the jurisdiction of Song, Qi, Liang and Chen.

After the reunification of the Sui Dynasty, Shi 'an, Yongping, Ningyue, Yulin, Cangwu and Hepu were under the jurisdiction of Yangzhou, while Xiping and Lingling were under the jurisdiction of Jingzhou.

Because it was in the early Tang Dynasty.

After Taizong Zhenguan, it belonged to Lingnan Road.

In the third year of Xian Tong (862), Guangxi belonged to Lingnan West Road, under which there were three management missions: Yong, Rong and Guangxi, which basically formed the outline of Guangxi's later administrative regions.

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Guangxi successively belonged to Chu State and Southern Han Dynasty.

In Song Dynasty, Guangxi was called Guangxi Nanxi Road for short, which was the beginning of the name "Guangxi".

In Yuan Dynasty, Guangxi belonged to Huguang province.

In the 23rd year of Zheng Zheng (1363), Guangxi Book Province was established in the south of Huguang Province, ranking first in Guangxi Province.

In the ninth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1376), the book province of Guangxi was renamed as Guangxi Chengxuan.

In the twenty-seventh year of Hongwu (1394), Quanzhou and Guanyang, which belonged to Hunan, were transferred to Guangxi, and Lianzhou Prefecture (now Qinzhou, Beihai and Fangchenggang), which belonged to Guangxi, was transferred to Guangdong.

Guangxi province was re-established in the early Qing dynasty.

Guangxi entered the matriarchal clan society about 65438+20,000 years ago, and people began to live a settled farming life, using stone tools, planting rice and building dry houses.

From 2 17 BC to 2 15 BC, Qin Shihuang unified Lingnan and built a Lingqu in today's Xing 'an, which connected the Yangtze River water system and the Pearl River water system and promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between Guangxi and the Central Plains.

After Qin and Han Dynasties, people from the Central Plains moved to Guangxi one after another. After the Tang Dynasty, some officials who were sent or relegated came to Guangxi, and they brought advanced production technology and culture. In addition, land reclamation, water conservancy and canal construction have also promoted the economic development of Guangxi.

In Song Dynasty, iron and cattle were widely used in agricultural production in Guangxi.

Mining, textiles, ceramics, transportation, commerce and foreign trade have also developed greatly.

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the increase of population and animal power, water conservancy facilities were constantly improved, and some local officials adopted policies such as encouraging people to reclaim land and reducing labor force, which led to the continuous increase of cultivated land, rapid increase of grain output, and new development of the original cottage industries such as mining, paper making, oil pressing, sugar making and wine making.

After entering the semi-feudal and semi-colonial society, the working people of all ethnic groups in Guangxi suffered the double oppression and exploitation of the feudal ruling class and imperialism.

In rural areas, land is further concentrated in the hands of very few landlords, and the land rent is very heavy.

During the Sino-French War, imperialism forced the Qing court to turn Longzhou and Wuzhou into trading ports, which made capitalist economic forces invade Guangxi on a large scale.

At the same time, imperialism plundered agricultural and sideline products and other raw materials at low prices in Guangxi.

At the same time, due to the influence of capitalist countries on the opening of Guangxi's industry and commerce and the Westernization Movement, the capitalist factors in Guangxi have also developed.

* * * During the reign of warlords in Guangxi, Guangxi's economic and cultural undertakings developed rapidly, but due to the extortion of the ruling class, the working people became increasingly poor.

In the early days of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, due to the inward migration of many enterprises in enemy-occupied areas, Guangxi's industry and commerce once flourished, but in the later period, due to the Japanese invasion, Guangxi's economy was seriously damaged.

From the victory of the Anti-Japanese War to the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the new Guangxi family was busy with civil war and had no time to take care of economic recovery and development. Guangxi's social economy showed a scene of decline.

1949 65438+February 1 1, the whole territory of Guangxi was liberated.

1950 In February, the people of Guangxi Province were founded.

1952, Guangxi Yi Autonomous Region was established, and later renamed Guangxi Yi Autonomous Prefecture, which belongs to Guangxi Province.

1In July, 957, according to China's policy of regional ethnic autonomy and the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC), the organizational system of Guangxi Province was abolished and Guangxi Gelao Autonomous Region was established.

On March 5th, 1958, Guangxi Yi Autonomous Region was formally established in Nanning.

19656565438+00 the State Council decided to change the Gelao ethnic group into Zhuang ethnic group, and to transfer Qinzhou, which belonged to Guangxi before the Ming Dynasty, from Guangdong Province to Guangxi.

1983 tried out the system of city governing county and changing the whole county into city. Yongning and Wuming counties were placed in Nanning, Liujiang and Liucheng counties in Liuzhou, Lingui county in Guilin and Wuzhou city in Cangwu county. Beihai was promoted to a prefecture-level city, directly under the jurisdiction of the autonomous region; Yulin, Qinzhou, Baise and Hechi were changed to cities respectively.

So far, there are 8 regional administrative offices, 5 autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, 6 county-level cities, 66 counties and 10 ethnic autonomous counties in Guangxi.

1fangchenggang city was established with the approval of the State Council in may, 1993, and Qinzhou city was established in 19941October. 1995 10 in June, the prefecture-level Guigang city was established; 1February, 1997, the administrative divisions of Wuzhou area and Wuzhou city were adjusted, and Hezhou city was established at county level, and Wuzhou area was renamed Hezhou area; In April of the same year, Yulin area and county-level Yulin city were abolished and prefecture-level Yulin city was established; 1998, 10 In June, Guilin was abolished and its original counties were placed under the jurisdiction of Guilin City.

A brief history of Guangxi: Guangxi has a long history. In the late Paleolithic period from 40,000 to 50,000 years ago, there were "Liujiang people" and "Qilinshan people" working and living here.

After Qin Shihuang unified Lingnan, a canal was dug to connect the Yangtze River and the Pearl River, which promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between Guangxi and the Central Plains.

In the Han Dynasty, there were markets in Cangwu, Bushan and Hepu, and Hepu became an overseas trade port. In the Tang Dynasty, there were regular fairs in urban and rural areas such as Guizhou, Liuzhou, Yongzhou and Rongzhou. In the Song Dynasty, there was an exchange of goods with merchants. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the mining industry in Guangxi developed greatly, mainly including gold, silver, copper, aluminum, tin and iron.

According to statistics, there were 27 mines/kloc-0 in Qing Shunzhi from six to eighteen years, ranking third in China.

Guangxi is the source and place of some important historical events in modern China, such as jintian uprising, the Black Flag Army's anti-French campaign, the battle of Zhennanguan, and a number of outstanding figures such as Hong Xiuquan, Liu Yongfu and Feng Zicai emerged.

A great man led the baise uprising and founded He Qijun and Youjiang Revolutionary Base.

A long history has formed a colorful and unique national culture in Guangxi.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the rock paintings created by the ancestors of Guangxi along the Zuojiang River, the bronze drums created before the Han Dynasty, and the simple and elegant Gan Lan architecture, which can avoid damp heat and prevent the invasion of snakes and beasts, became the cultural representatives of Guangxi at that time. Zhenwuge in Ming Dynasty and Yufeng Bridge in Chengyang of Sanjiang Dong nationality have high scientific and artistic value.

Guangxi is known as the "sea of songs", and the third day of the third lunar month is the traditional song meeting of Zhuang nationality, which is the most grand.

1985, the people of the autonomous region * * * designated the "March 3rd" Song Festival as a cultural and artistic festival, which later evolved into Guangxi International Folk Song Festival, and 1999 was changed to Nanning International Folk Song Festival. 1 1 is held in Nanning every year, attracting many Chinese and foreign folk art lovers.

Most people and regions in Guangxi (including many ethnic minorities) speak Chinese dialects, including Cantonese, Southwest Mandarin, Hakka, Pinghua, Northern Guangxi Xiang dialect and Min dialect, which is one of the provinces with the largest variety of Chinese dialects in China. Most ethnic minorities speak Zhuang language, with 6.5438+0.7 million people.

The local folk arts mainly include Guangxi Opera, Zhuang Opera, coloratura, Cantonese Opera, Yong Opera, Guangxi Fishing Drum and Tonggu Music.

Five characteristics in the history of Guangxi:

The first feature is a long history.

Guangxi has a long history of human origin.

According to archaeological discoveries, as early as 200,000 years ago, primitive humans lived here.

20,000-65,438+0,000 years ago, people living in Guangxi, represented by "Qilinshan people", had learned to make and use simple stone tools.

About 40,000 ~ 50,000 years ago, in the late Paleolithic period, "Liujiang people" entered the early matriarchal clan society and lived in the mountainous areas of western and northern Guangxi.

At present, the earliest human fossils found in Southeast Asia are in Guangxi, that is, "Liujiang people".

Guangxi was first incorporated into the unified administrative division of China, which began in the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (2 14 BC), when Qin captured Lingnan and set up Guilin, Elephant and Nanhai counties.

Most counties under the jurisdiction of Xiang and Guilin are in today's Guangxi.

In the third year of Xian Tong in the Tang Dynasty (AD 862), Lingnan West Road was set up, and its former site is now Nanning.

At the end of the Song Dynasty, Guangnan West Road, referred to as "Guangxi Road", was set up in the year of 988 AD, and the old city was now Guilin.

In A.D. 1363, Guangxi was established as a book province, and the old rule was now Guilin.

In A.D. 1376, Guangxi, a book province, was changed to Guangxi and other places to undertake publicity and deployment. In the Qing Dynasty, Guangxi and other places undertook publicity and deployment and changed to Guangxi as a province to administer Guilin.

During the Republic of China, Guangxi Province was changed to Guangxi, and the old government was now in Nanning. 1936 moved to Guilin.

1957 07 15 the fourth session of the first national people's congress decided to abolish Guangxi province and establish Guangxi yi autonomous region. On June1965 June 12, the State Council approved the renaming of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

Historically, Guilin was a province and a county in Guangxi, so Guangxi is called Guangxi for short, also known as "Bagui".

The second feature is that there are many uprisings.

Guangxi people have a history of being brave and good at fighting.

Since the Spring and Autumn Period, there has been an uprising in Guangxi, which reached its peak after the Yuan Dynasty.

So there have been many famous uprisings in the history of Guangxi, the most famous ones are jintian uprising, Zhennanguan Uprising, the baise uprising and Longzhou Uprising.

The third feature is that there are many nationalities.

Guangxi is a Zhuang autonomous region with more than 40 ethnic groups, five of which are Zhuang, Han, Miao, Dong and Yao.

The fourth characteristic is unique culture.

The long history has created rich and colorful Guangxi culture.

The most distinctive culture in Guangxi is the fresco of Huashan Cliff in Zuojiang Canyon, which has not been deciphered so far.

There are red portraits of people, animals and utensils on the cliff a few kilometers away from the Zuojiang River Basin.

On the cliffs, there are more than 600 kinds of animals, only 300 to 400 kinds of humanoid patterns, ranging in size from tens of meters to only a few millimeters.

The "bronze drum" in Guangxi is the symbol of Guangxi.

There is also hydrangea, which used to be a symbol of love, but now it has been extended to a symbol of friendship, happiness and blessing.

Guangxi is still a sea of songs, and the ethnic minorities in Guangxi love to sing. There are two world-famous song festivals in Guangxi, "March 3rd" and the International Folk Song Festival.

Ethnic minorities in Guangxi speak with songs. Farmers began to sing when they visited relatives at the village entrance, and sang until they went home. The other party also greeted the guests with songs.

Guangxi's unique culture also includes Lingqu, which was built during the Qin Shihuang period and connected the Pearl River and the Yangtze River. Guo Moruo said that "there is a Great Wall in the north and a Lingqu in the south".

The fifth feature is that there are many dialects.

There are many dialects in Guangxi, the highest in China.

There are six languages widely circulated in Guangxi: "Cantonese" circulating in Nanning, Qinzhou, Fangchenggang and Beihai; "Mandarin" circulating in Guilin, Liuzhou and other places; "Hakka Dialect" circulating in Wuzhou, Yulin and Hezhou; "Zhuang language" circulating in Nanning, Baise and Hechi, as well as "Southern Hunan dialect in northern Guangxi" and "Pinghua" in the suburbs of Nanning, as well as Yao language, Dong language and Mulao dialect.