Classification of carpets

Carpet is a floor covering made of cotton, hemp, wool, silk, grass yarn and other natural fibers or chemical synthetic fibers through manual or mechanical processing. It is one of the arts and crafts categories with a long history and tradition in the world. Covering the ground of houses, hotels, conference rooms, entertainment places, gymnasiums, exhibition halls, vehicles, ships, airplanes, etc. It has the functions of reducing noise, heat insulation and decoration, improving foot feeling, preventing skid and preventing air pollution. The interior use area of the house includes kitchen, bedroom, bedside, coffee table sofa, bathroom and living room.

brief introduction

Carpet is a famous traditional handicraft in China. China carpet has a history of more than 2,000 years, and is famous for its handmade carpets. Written records can be traced back to more than 3000 years ago. Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a famous sentence in his poem "The Red Line Carpet", which can be tested by real objects and more than two thousand years. According to documents, from the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were more and more kinds of carpets. Carpets are usually made of cotton, wool, hemp and paper rope. Woven carpets made in China take high-strength veil strands as warp yarns and ground weft yarns, and the colored coarse weft yarns are inserted into the warp yarns according to patterns to form plush, and then are woven through shearing, brush pile and other technological processes. Its front is densely covered with towering plush, with solid texture and good elasticity. Especially the carpets produced in Hotan area of Xinjiang are more valuable and have the reputation of "oriental carpets". The carpets produced there are not only of good quality, but also of large output. A 1250 kg carpet woven by Xinjiang Hall of the Great Hall of the People is known as the "king of carpets". 1966, a cotton blanket was unearthed in Lanxi, Zhejiang. It is 2.5 1 m long and 1. 1.8 m wide. It is plain, both sides are convex, flat and thick. After identification, the material used is grass cotton fiber. This kind of cotton carpet was woven in the Southern Song Dynasty. This is the earliest known cotton blanket. It can be seen that the carpet weaving technology at that time has reached a very high level.

Materials and materials

Carpet is made of high-quality pure wool, and then processed by wool selection, washing, carding, dyeing, carpet weaving, cutting and washing. It is unique in the world because of its excellent wool quality, unique skills and elegant patterns. It is the main export handicraft of China.

Carpet is a kind of floor covering made of cotton, wool, silk, hemp, coconut palm or chemical fiber. Including hand-made carpets, machine-made carpets and hand-made carpets. Broadly speaking, it also includes bedding, cushions, wall hangings, tents, saddle mattresses, door curtains, table towels and so on. In the Neolithic Age, people twisted animal hair into threads and woven it into thick woolen goods to pave the floor. Carpet fragments unearthed from the Eastern Han Tomb in China are typical hand-flocked carpets. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, on the basis of inheriting the traditional carpet technology and combining the characteristics of brocade and embroidery art, carpet patterns with unique auspicious meanings were created and have been passed down to this day. In the 20th century, Beijing and Tianjin established enterprises to produce carpets for export, which became the key production areas of carpets in China. The traditional producing areas of handmade carpets in the world are concentrated in countries at the junction of East Asia, Central Asia and Europe and Asia. From 1720, the Brussels carpet loom was pioneered in Britain, and the machine-made carpet was produced. So far, machine-made carpets have accounted for 99% of the world's total consumption, while hand-made carpets only account for 1%. There are many ways to classify carpets, which can be divided into hand-planted carpets, hand-woven plain carpets, hand-tufted carpets, hand-made carpets and machine-made carpets according to the manufacturing process. According to the purpose, there are carpets, kang carpets, tapestries and prayer carpets. According to the raw materials, there are wool carpets, real silk carpets, jute carpets and chemical fiber carpets.

Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a famous sentence in the poem "The Red Line Carpet": "I don't know whether the floor is warm or cold, and I don't want to dress like lichen". According to documents, from the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were more and more kinds of carpets, often made of cotton, wool, hemp and paper rope. Woven carpets made in China take high-strength veil strands as warp yarns and ground weft yarns, and the colored coarse weft yarns are inserted into the warp yarns according to patterns to form plush, and then are woven through shearing, brush pile and other technological processes. Its front is densely covered with towering plush, with solid texture and good elasticity. 1966, a cotton blanket was unearthed in Lanxi, Zhejiang. It is 2.5 1 m long and 1. 1.8 m wide. It is plain, both sides are convex, flat and thick. After identification, the material used is grass cotton fiber. This kind of cotton carpet was woven in the Southern Song Dynasty. This is the earliest cotton blanket so far. It can be seen that the carpet weaving technology at that time has reached a very high level.

Carpet grade

Carpets are divided into six grades according to the performance of the place of use:

(1) light household level: it is laid in rooms or parts that are not frequently used;

(2) Medium household level or light professional level: used in master bedroom or dining room, etc.

(3) General household level or secondary professional use level: used in living rooms, stairs, corridors and other places with frequent traffic;

(4) Heavy household level or general professional level: used in places with serious wear and tear at home;

(5) Heavy professional use level: not used by ordinary families;

(6) Luxury class: the carpet is of good quality and long fiber, so it is luxurious.

Functional classification of carpets

Sound insulation effect

The carpet structure is tight and breathable, which can absorb and isolate sound waves and has good sound insulation effect.

Improving air quality

The fluff on the carpet surface can capture and adsorb the dust particles floating in the air, which can effectively improve the indoor air quality.

Carpet safety

Carpet is a kind of soft paving material, which is different from hard floor paving materials such as marble and ceramic tile. It is not easy to slip and bump. It is suggested that children and the elderly spread a blanket, or spread a blanket at home.

Artistic beautification effect

Carpets are rich in patterns, colorful and diverse in shapes, which can beautify your decorative environment and reflect your personality.

safe

Carpet has no radiation, does not release formaldehyde and other gases harmful to health, and meets various environmental protection requirements.

Improve foot feeling

Carpet feet feel comfortable, and floor materials such as wood floor, marble and ceramic tile are uncomfortable in cold and humid environment. Carpet can solve this problem very well.

Carpet classification

Classification by purpose

According to the purpose, carpets are divided into two categories: commercial carpets and artistic carpets.

1, Taiyuan-Carpets Commercial carpets are carpets produced from industrialized raw carpets, which are mainly used for building floors, such as hotels, offices, corridors, bedrooms, conference rooms and living rooms. It can also be used in cruise ships, airplanes and other fields. Commercial carpets are usually produced by weaving or needling.

2. Art carpets are carpets used for appreciation and decoration, which are mainly hung on the walls of rooms, also called tapestries, and are generally hand-made. Excellent art carpets are generally carefully designed by artists and compiled by producers, which have artistic appreciation and ideological connotation that ordinary commercial carpets do not have, and have high artistic value and collection value.

Similar to art carpets, there are craft carpets and art carpets, but the latter two types sometimes overlap with commercial carpets, so they are not used as classification basis.

Classification by installation location

According to the use position of carpet, it is divided into carpet and tapestry or tapestry.

1, floor carpet is the most traditional carpet category, with the largest consumption. It is mainly used for floor laying in various places, mainly reflecting its use value. Generally, it is mainly based on various patterns, and its use is mainly low-end products.

2. Tapestry is mainly used for wall decoration and embellishment. Generally, landscape painting and figure painting in traditional painting are the themes, mainly hand-woven, which has high ornamental value. Because of the high cost, it is generally only used in wealthy families and high-end places.

According to the production method of the invention

Carpets can be divided into machine-made carpets and hand-made carpets because of different manufacturing methods. Machine-made carpets include tufted carpets, woven Wilton carpets and woven Axminster carpets.

A) tufted carpet

This kind of carpet belongs to a large category of machine-made carpets. Instead of interweaving warp and weft, the pile yarn is inserted into the carpet base fabric through a steel needle, and then the city head is stuck with glue in the subsequent process. Because of its high production efficiency, this carpet is the first choice for hotel decoration.

B) weaving Wilton carpet

Carpet is interwoven by warp, weft and pile yarn, and then finished by sizing, shearing and other subsequent processes. Because this carpet technology originated in Wilton, England, it is called Wilton carpet. This loom is a double-layer fabric, so the production efficiency is faster.

C) woven axminster carpet

Carpets are also woven by warp, weft and pile yarns, and then finished by sizing, shearing and other subsequent processes. The technology used in this carpet originated from Axminster, England. This kind of loom is a single-layer fabric, the machine speed is very low, and the carpet weaving efficiency is very low, and the efficiency is only 30% of Wilton loom.

D) others

1 Hand-woven carpet

2 hand-pricked carpet

Press the use function

A) commercial carpets

Broadly speaking, it refers to all carpets except household and industrial carpets. Commercial carpets are still limited to hotels, hotels, office buildings, offices, restaurants and other places in China, but in the United States and western developed countries, in addition to the above places, commercial carpets have been widely used in airports, docks, waiting rooms, supermarkets, hospitals, schools, nursing homes, nurseries, theaters and other places, and with the economic development and social progress, the scope of use of floor carpets will gradually increase and the coverage will be more.

B) household carpets

As the name implies, it is a family carpet. In China, household carpets are still stuck in strips of carpets, because in China, the decoration of families is mainly based on wooden floors, while in western developed countries, household carpets are a combination of full paving and carpets, while in China, domestic carpets have great potential.

C) industrial carpets

Carpets for industrial use from home and abroad are still only used for the decoration of cars, planes, passenger ships and trains.

3. According to the different classification of raw materials

Pure wool carpet-mainly made of wool.

Chemical fiber carpet-(synthetic fiber) is made of nylon fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber, polyester fiber, setting silk, silk, PTT and other chemical fibers.

Plastic carpet-made of PVC resin, plasticizer and other auxiliary materials as the main raw materials.

According to carpet raw materials

What kind of fiber is generally used to make cashmere yarn, which is customarily called carpet, such as wool carpet when wool is used as raw material of cashmere yarn; Carpets made of blended yarns generally contain wool, so they are called wool blended carpets. Nylon carpet is made of nylon.

Common fiber raw materials of carpet pile yarn are divided into three types: natural fiber, chemical fiber and blended fiber. Among them, natural fibers are wool, silk, cotton and jute. Chemical fibers include viscose staple fiber, nylon B CF filament and staple fiber, acrylic staple fiber, polypropylene B CF filament and staple fiber, and polyester staple fiber; Blended with wool/nylon, wool/viscose, wool/acrylic, wool/polyester and wool/jute.

1. Wool carpet

Wool carpets are mainly made of wool. Wool is fine, has natural elasticity and can recover quickly after being pressed. Adopt natural fiber, no static electricity, not easy to absorb dust, with natural flame retardancy. Pure wool carpet has exquisite pattern, elegant color, not easy to age and fade, and has the characteristics of sound absorption, warmth and comfortable feet.

In addition, woven wool carpets can be divided into:

A. Pure wool carpet: wool content ≥ 95%;

B. Wool carpet: 80%≤ wool content

C. Wool blended carpet: 20%≤ wool content

D. Blended carpet: wool content

2. Chemical fiber carpet

Chemical fiber (synthetic fiber) carpet is made of nylon fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber, polyester fiber, setting yarn, PTT and other chemical fibers. Its biggest feature is strong wear resistance, and at the same time, it overcomes the shortcoming that pure wool carpets are easy to corrode and mildew. However, the flame retardancy and antistatic property are relatively poor.

Classification by texture

Even carpets produced by the same manufacturing method will produce carpets with different appearance effects due to the influence of raw materials, pile form, pile height, feel, texture and density. Common carpet surface texture categories are:

1. plush carpet

This is the most common cut velvet carpet. The pile length is 5 ~ 10 mm, and a broken pile can appear on the carpet surface, which is flat and even.

2. Velvet carpet

The pile length is about 5mm, and the pile on the carpet surface is dense, which produces a velvet-like effect.

3. Saxony carpet

The length of the pile is about15 mm. After twisting and heat setting, the pile produces the effect similar to that of optical fiber, and the texture is full.

4. Strong twist carpet

That is, elbow yarn carpet. The pile yarn has a large twist, and the carpet surface has a hard touch and strong elasticity. The direction of the pile is uncertain, so the carpet surface has a special mood and personality.

5. plush carpet

The cashmere is more than 25 m m long, thick and long, with thick carpet surface and elegant effect.

6. Flat carpet

The pile is annular, and the height of the ring is even and tidy. Compared with the cut pile, it is moderately firm and smooth, and it feels comfortable to walk.

7. High and low loop carpet (including multi-layer high and low loop carpet)

Terry carpet is produced by changing the feeding length of pile yarn. There are ups and downs on the carpet surface, some form geometric patterns, and the carpet has a three-dimensional effect.

8. Cut pile/loop pile carpet (including flat cut pile/loop pile carpet)

Generally, the height of the cut pile part of the carpet is higher than that of the terry pile, so it will not hurt the terry pile when trimming and leveling the cut pile head. The mixture of two kinds of pile can form the geometric pattern of carpet surface, which has the effect of plain jacquard. The cutting technology content of flat cut/terry carpet is also relatively high.

9. Flat carpet

That is, there is no vertical fluff on the carpet surface, just like the result of a flat carpet, in which a part of the needled carpet is brushed on the carpet surface with a barbed roller to produce the texture of a wool carpet.

According to the product form

1. Full carpet

The width of this carpet is generally 3.66 ~4 m, that is to say, it is spread on all the floors between two walls in the room. When the room width of the paving place exceeds the carpet width, it can be cut and spliced according to the indoor area to meet the requirements of full paving. The bottom surface of the carpet can be directly adhered to the ground, or the surface of the carpet can be tightened, so that the carpet and the ground rarely slip, and nails can be used to locate the surrounding wall roots. Carpets are generally used in bedrooms, wards, conference rooms, offices, halls, guest rooms, corridors and other occasions.

blanket

Carpets are rectangular, measured in blocks. Blocks are mostly woven carpets, with fine workmanship and complex and colorful patterns. High-grade carpets have certain artistic appreciation value. The width of the blanket is generally less than 4 m, and the length and width have a proper proportion. The blanket was spread on the ground, but it didn't stick to it. It can be unfolded or rolled up for storage at any time. Carpets can not only be laid, but also be hung on the wall as tapestries, and can also be used as doormats, elevator carpets, art mats and so on.

Tidy up the blanket

Block carpet, also known as carpet tile, is generally 500 m m ×500 m m, 450m× 450m or rectangular. Its carpet surface is generally tufted, and the backing and interlining are more particular. The finished product has a certain rigidity, and can be attached to the ground or directly laid on the ground. The block carpet is stable in structure and elegant in appearance, and the surface can be printed or pressed into patterns. It is very convenient to carry, store, assemble with the terrain and replace and assemble in blocks. Especially for high-rise buildings, ships, airports, computer rooms and office buildings, the domestic market has been very active in recent years.

4. Grand reception

The red carpet is a kind of carpet color division, and it is also the theme color since the carpet just entered the decoration industry. The earliest carpet was a special item for the court and a high-grade luxury. With the development of society, people's attention to the living environment and the improvement of requirements, carpets have also entered thousands of households. However, as the main color of carpet, red carpet is still the mainstream color in the carpet industry. Today, carpets have become common consumer goods, and the red carpet is still the pursuit of people and a symbol of solemnity, nobility and romance. Whether it is a folk activity or an important national activity, laying a red carpet is an important etiquette project in China and the West to express solemnity and enthusiasm.

Selection and purchase