What are the twelve major categories of university majors? An introduction to the twelve major disciplines in universities (employment-oriented)

In the 2020 edition of the Catalogue of Colleges and Universities, colleges and universities are divided into 12 categories: philosophy, economics, law, education, literature, history, science, engineering, agriculture, medicine, management and art, with 94 categories and 703 specific majors. The following Xiaoyou will introduce you to the following 12 majors. What are the future employment directions?

1, philosophy class

Philosophy consists of philosophy, logic, religion, ethics and other majors. Philosophy is a discipline that studies the ultimate meaning of life and the origin of all things in the universe, emphasizing the cultivation of critical thinking and rational thinking ability. Philosophy is recognized as a major with employment difficulties. The fundamental reason for this phenomenon is that it is difficult for philosophy undergraduate education to connect with the industry system and there are no direct jobs.

The employment direction of graduates mainly includes the following aspects:

(1) Educational and scientific research institutions: If you want to do research in universities, scientific research institutes and policy research institutions, you generally need to continue your studies; Or go to primary and secondary schools, training institutions as teachers, it is best to take the teacher qualification certificate during school.

(2) Government agencies: The uniqueness and profundity of philosophy graduates' thinking are still very popular with relevant government agencies, and they can enter government agencies at all levels (such as party schools, propaganda departments, organization departments, government offices, etc.). ) Pass the civil service examination.

(3) Press and publication units: Press and publication need extensive knowledge reserves, excellent writing and eloquence. Students majoring in philosophy are often able to write from a unique angle of thinking, so they are also very popular with news publishing units.

(4) Enterprise: You can engage in administration, party building, planning, copywriting, human resources, secretarial and management work in large and medium-sized enterprises.

2. Economics

There are several majors in economics, finance, finance, economy and trade. Popular majors are: economics, finance, financial engineering, international economy and trade.

The employment direction of economics major is mainly government economic management departments, policy research departments, financial institutions and economic analysis and planning departments of large and medium-sized enterprises. The main employment destinations of graduates majoring in finance and financial engineering are financial supervision departments (People's Bank of China, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Insurance Regulatory Commission and China Securities Regulatory Commission) and financial institutions such as banks, securities, insurance and funds.

Financial engineering related positions pay more attention to the quantitative analysis of financial products by using computer tools modeling, which requires graduates to have a good mathematical foundation.

After graduation, students majoring in international economy and trade can be employed in the management positions of foreign-related economic and trade departments and foreign trade enterprises, such as merchandisers, international freight forwarders, customs declarers and other related businesses or management jobs.

3. Law.

There are several majors under the category of law, such as law, politics, sociology, ethnology, Marxist theory and public security.

Employment channels for law graduates include:

(1) A large number of civil servants have been recruited in recent years. Because there is more demand for law enforcement and legal posts, you can also enter the public security, procuratorate and court work through the civil service examination;

(2) Entering a law firm as a lawyer;

(3) Enter large and medium-sized enterprises as legal advisers. All the above positions need to pass the judicial examination to obtain relevant qualifications.

Graduates majoring in political science and sociology can go to party and government organs, social organizations, press and publication institutions, education and other enterprises and institutions to engage in related business or management work.

Ethnology graduates can work in the party and government departments, especially in the management institutions of ethnic and religious affairs and related education and scientific research departments, and can also engage in administration, editing, secretarial work, cultural exchanges, cultural and educational publicity and other work in enterprises, institutions and press and publication institutions.

The major of Marxist theory trains professionals with Marxist theoretical accomplishment and knowledge of scientific socialism and international production movement. After graduation, students can engage in theoretical propaganda, teaching and scientific research in party and government organs, foreign affairs departments and colleges and universities.

The employment direction of public security graduates is relatively clear. After graduation, you can work in public security organs, procuratorates, courts and judicial bureaus.

4. pedagogy

Pedagogy consists of pedagogy and physical education.

Pedagogy majors include: pedagogy, science education, humanities education, educational technology, art education, preschool education, primary education, special education, Chinese education and so on. Its graduates can go to schools and education departments to engage in teaching and management.

Physical education majors include: physical education, sports training, social sports guidance and management, martial arts and national traditional sports, sports human science, sports rehabilitation, leisure sports and so on. Its graduates can engage in sports training, judging, teaching, scientific research and management in sports commissions, sports scientific research institutions and schools at all levels.

5. Literature

There are several majors in literature, such as China language and literature, foreign language and literature, journalism and communication.

The language and literature majors in China are: Chinese language and literature, Chinese language, Chinese international education, China minority languages and literature, classical philology, applied linguistics, secretarial science and so on. Graduates can go to state organs, enterprises and institutions, large and medium-sized schools and publicity and publishing institutions to engage in secretarial, publicity and editing work.

Foreign language and literature majors include several minor language majors, translation majors and business English majors. After graduation, students can engage in translation and management in foreign affairs, enterprises and institutions, education, culture, foreign trade and other departments.

Journalism and communication majors include journalism, radio and television, advertising, communication, editing and publishing, network and new media, digital publishing and so on. Its graduates can go to news publicity and publishing units (such as newspapers, magazines, radio stations, TV stations, online new media, etc.). ) engaged in news reporting, editing and planning, teaching and scientific research. In recent years, there are more requirements for civil servants.

6. History

History has several majors, such as history, world history, archaeology, cultural relics and museum science, cultural relics protection technology, foreign languages and foreign history.

History is a basic subject, and there are relatively few positions directly related to the major. Its graduates can choose to enter universities and scientific research institutions to engage in teaching and scientific research, or they can enter party and government organs, educational institutions, press and publication, cultural undertakings and other departments to engage in management and professional work. Graduates majoring in world history can choose to engage in foreign language translation, teaching and research in primary and secondary schools, and foreign affairs offices in government departments. Archaeology, cultural relics and museum science, and cultural relics protection technology can engage in archaeological exploration, cultural relics identification, and museum management.

Generally speaking, history major is an unpopular major in employment, and the society can provide relatively few counterpart posts and relatively low wages.

7. Science class

Neo-Confucianism is a science that studies the basic laws of natural material movement. Science majors pay attention to theoretical research, and the training goal is scientists. Science includes mathematics, physics, chemistry, astronomy, geography, atmospheric science, marine science, geophysics, geology, biological science, psychology, statistics and so on.

The whereabouts of science graduates mainly include the following:

(1) Scientific research institutions: It is more advantageous to enter specialized research institutions and institutions of higher learning to engage in basic theory and applied research.

(2) Schools and educational institutions: obtain teacher qualification certificates and enter primary and secondary schools or training institutions as teachers.

(3) government agencies: pass the civil service examination and enter the relevant government departments to engage in research and management.

(4) Postgraduate entrance examination: you can take cross-disciplinary examinations and learn other more practical majors, thus opening up new paths for future employment. Science students have a solid theoretical foundation and are very popular with other majors, making it easier for them to take cross-disciplinary examinations.

8. Engineering

The training goal of engineering specialty is to train senior engineering talents who can engage in the planning, exploration, design, construction and management of corresponding engineering fields. Engineering pays attention to practical application, emphasizes the transformation of theory into practice, and needs hands-on ability. There are mechanics, machinery, instruments, materials, energy and power, electricity, electronic information, automation, computer, civil engineering, water conservancy, surveying and mapping, chemical industry and pharmacy, geology, mining, textiles, light industry, transportation, marine engineering, aerospace, weapons, nuclear engineering, agricultural engineering, forestry engineering, environmental science and engineering, biomedical engineering, food science and engineering.

Engineering major is the largest in 12 discipline, involving all fields of national economic construction. There are many kinds of engineering majors, and all of them have corresponding employment industries.

Generally speaking, engineering majors are relatively good employment majors, and their graduates can engage in professional-related research, design, technology development, manufacturing and other work in enterprises, institutions and scientific research institutions in counterpart industries.

9. Agrology

There are several majors in agriculture, such as plant production, nature conservation and environmental ecology, animal production, animal medicine, forestry, aquatic products and grass science.

Graduates majoring in plant production can engage in scientific research, production and management in agriculture, landscape architecture and plant research institutes. Most graduates majoring in nature conservation and environmental ecology are engaged in soil and water conservation, desert management, wildlife and nature reserves.

Students majoring in animal production can engage in technology and design, promotion and development, operation and management, teaching and scientific research in related fields and departments of animal science.

Graduates majoring in animal medicine can choose to work in veterinary prevention, scientific research and production management departments at all levels, animal quarantine stations, commodity inspection bureaus, biopharmaceutical manufacturing and animal food processing units.

Graduates majoring in forestry are mainly oriented to national forest parks, nature reserves and other forestry grass-roots units, engaged in seedling raising, afforestation, forest management and protection, integrated pest management, forest resources investigation and management, urban and rural greening, forest diversification, forestry technology promotion and so on.

Grass graduates can engage in the establishment and management of various lawns in departments such as gardens, soil and water conservation, environmental protection, artificial grasslands and stadiums.

10, medicine

Under the medical category, there are more than a dozen majors, such as basic medicine, clinical medicine, stomatology, public health and preventive medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, pharmacy, traditional Chinese medicine, forensic medicine, medical technology and nursing.

Basic medical graduates can choose to engage in teaching and medical experimental research in institutions of higher learning and medical research institutions. Students majoring in clinical medicine and medical technology can go to hospitals at all levels to engage in diagnosis, treatment and research after graduation.

Graduates majoring in health and preventive medicine can go to disease prevention departments and health laboratory departments to engage in disease prevention and food hygiene inspection. Graduates majoring in stomatology can go to hospitals or dental clinics at all levels to engage in the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases.

Chinese medicine majors can go to hospitals at all levels and rehabilitation hospitals to engage in Chinese medicine diagnosis, treatment and scientific research. Pharmacy and Chinese pharmacy majors can go to pharmaceutical factories and medical research institutes to engage in the research and development and production of various drugs.

Forensic medicine graduates can go to public security and procuratorial organs at all levels to engage in forensic medicine.

Nursing graduates mainly go to hospitals at all levels to work as nurses. It can be said that the "counterpart rate" of medical majors is the highest, but it is more difficult to change careers and job-hopping.

1 1, management class

There are 9 majors in management science and engineering, business administration, agricultural economic management, public management, library information and archives management, logistics management and engineering, industrial engineering, e-commerce and tourism management, and dozens of specific majors.

Management graduates are mainly engaged in various management, operation and consulting services in institutions and government departments. Management major is also a big category in 12 discipline, with many branches, and the employment fields of each branch are very different. The employment situation of some majors is ideal, such as accounting, financial management, auditing and human resource management in business administration. The employment situation of some majors is not ideal, such as information management and information system, agricultural and forestry economic management, archival science and so on.

Management is a very practical subject, and only after long-term experience at the grass-roots level and accumulated some experience can we really take up management positions. After management graduates enter the work unit, remember not to aim too high, but to be down-to-earth, take root at the grassroots level and constantly improve their soft power. Only in this way can they become excellent management talents.

12, Art.

Under the category of art, there are several majors, such as art theory, music and dance, drama, film and television, art and design.

Graduates majoring in art theory can engage in art education and art research in schools, cultural departments at all levels, art galleries, museums, online media, publishing houses, film and television and other enterprises and institutions. You can also engage in cultural excavation, activity planning, cultural entertainment, tourism and sports and other related work.

Music, dance, drama, film and television are all very professional. After graduation, students can work in various cultural, television, film, radio, publicity, literary and art groups and departments.

After graduation, students majoring in art design can engage in art teaching in ordinary middle schools, secondary specialized schools and universities, and they can also engage in visual design, product design, graphic design, web design and UI design in enterprises and institutions.