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Lu Xun's novels are considered to be the founding works in the history of contemporary Chinese novels, and his novels can also be regarded as the encyclopedia of Chinese society in the early 20th century. The novels of Lu Xun can also be regarded as an encyclopedia of Chinese society in the early 20th century, and Kong Yi Ji is one of the most famous novels of his.

The ancients used to say that "writing is the way of the road" or as Confucius said: "Poetry is the way of the world, it is the way of the world, it is the way of the world, it is the way of the world, it is the way of the world, it is the way of the world, it is the way of the world.

The novel is a kind of inheritance and development of the social utility of ancient Chinese traditional literature, and it is more and more advanced and more and more profound than before. Therefore, if we want to call Confucius the sage of our ancient society, then we can also call Lu Xun the sage of modern Chinese society. The reason why we can say so is obvious, that is, Lu Xun puts his personal destiny and the destiny of the country, the nation and the society closely linked, and also can jump out of this pattern with the vision of the prophet of the times, standing in the height of history and space-time, with the love and responsibility for the motherland and the people, and with full-blooded enthusiasm and grief, mercilessly criticizing the backward and pedantic and cannibalistic society, as well as the irrationality of all things. With love and responsibility for the motherland and the people, with passion and grief, we mercilessly criticize the backwardness, pedantry, cannibalism and all the irrationality of the society, hoping to achieve some kind of salvation, inspiration, stimulation, and to make the people and the whole society wake up and revitalize. For this kind of criticism, this kind of utility, Lu Xun in his novels to express the core idea to expound, with its use of artistic techniques to depict, over time, the formation of his novels of ideological and artistic characteristics, and this kind of ideological and artistic characteristics both in content and in form represent the Lu Xun novels in the interpretation of the social and life, and at the same time, this has become his novels of creation of the most The most infectious features and styles of his novels.

The novel Kong Yi Ji is the second novel written by Lu Xun on the eve of May Fourth, following Diary of a Madman, in which he fiercely attacked the feudal system and feudal culture. Though less than 3,000 words in length, the novel vividly and profoundly shows the complex character and tragic life of a lower-class intellectual before the Xinhai Revolution. In the following, I will specifically analyze the novel Kong Yi Ji in terms of its ideological features and artistic features.

I. Ideological Characteristics of Kong Yiji

From the specific description of the work, we can understand that the central idea of Kong Yiji is to express: through the portrayal and molding of Kong Yiji, a lower-class intellectual who was devastated by feudal education and the feudal imperial examination system at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the novel powerfully exposes and complains about the evils of the corrupt feudal education and the imperial examination system, and profoundly exposes the whole feudal society's "evils of the imperial examination system" and the "evils of the imperial examination system. It exposes the whole feudal society's "coolness to the bitter people" and painfully raises a serious social problem of changing the dull and numb mental state of the masses.

Anti-feudalism is one of the most important themes in Lu Xun's novels, and in the novel Kong Yi Ji Lu Xun focuses on criticizing the evil feudal imperial examination and education system. Kong Yiji lived in the confinement of the feudal imperial examination system at the end of the Qing Dynasty, and although he had read the "Four Books and Five Classics", he had not even gotten half of the Xiu Cai throughout his life, which later became one of the most painful scars he had been stabbed by others. He was full of knowledge, but in the end he could not make a living. He had a formal feudal education, but it never served him well in life or in his career. But he could still write well, which was a good way to make a living. Unfortunately, he later fell into the vice of drinking and laziness, and finally lost the only profession he relied on to survive - copying books for others. In order to satisfy the lowest level of "alcohol addiction" he had to start stealing chickens and dogs, so he was finally beaten by the Ding Zhuren broke his leg, and left the world in obscurity.

Here, we can say that the culprit who caused Kong Yiji's tragic end is not other than the poisonous feudal education and imperial examination system. The traditional feudal orthodox education has always boasted that "all things are inferior, but only reading is high", "there is a golden house in the book, there is a thousand kinds of corn in the book, there is a face like jade in the book", and in this way to inspire and encourage the readers to "not listen to the things outside the window, and only read the books", and to "not listen to the things outside the window, and only read the books". And in this way, to inspire and encourage the readers to "not listen to anything outside the window, only read the books of the sages", and only know how to seek fame and fortune. However, in this vast and voluminous army to catch the examination, the real through the "open section to take the civil service" this one pole to climb up the people but very few, the vast majority of them can only "look at the civil service sighs'. Although they read day after day, year after year to catch up with the examination, repeatedly tried and failed, from the Xuan Ang young boy white head of the old boy, but still obsessed with unchanging, and expect that one day they will be able to make a name for themselves, shining family. Sadly, however, most of these people failed to pass the examination in their lifetime. They only cared about pursuing fame and fortune, but neglected to learn the most basic survival skills of an individual, so much so that there were such pathetic characters as Kong Yijie, which was the most detestable and sinful part of the feudal imperial examination and education system. This is also the most hateful and sinful part of the feudal education system. We can see to what extent the feudal ideology and culture have killed and maimed the scholars!

Second, the artistic characteristics of "Kong Yi Ji"

Lu Xun's novel is not only a profound thought, but also a high level of artistic achievement, which is the reason why Lu Xun's novels are well written, and can touch the readers' hearts.

In the novel Kong Yi Ji, Lu Xun mainly adopts the method of realism in his creation; in the portrayal of characters, Lu Xun mainly adopts the methods of "taking the unity", "typical details" and "designing a typical environment for the characters". In characterization, it mainly adopts the methods of "taking a variety of unity", selecting "typical details" and "designing typical environments for the characters" and so on. Here, let me analyze it:

(I) Realistic Creative Methods

First of all, in the work "Kong Yi Ji", Lu Xun depicts the reality through the depiction of the shopkeeper's viciousness and ruthlessness, the poor and insensitive of the Short Clothes Gang, and the unkindness and ruthlessness of the feudal upper class, such as the Ding Juren, in order to show the realities of the world to the people. The story of the "Kung Yijie" is a very sick society, and it seems to imply that people like Kung Yijie living in such a society can only end up in a kind of unfortunate tragedy.

Secondly, the realism of the presentation is again more cold and serious in Kong Yi Ji. First, Lu Xun's description of Kong Yijie's several visits to the hotel, although on the surface he writes about Kong Yijie's "knowledge of the world" and the crowd's teasing of him, which leads to an atmosphere "full of happy air inside and outside the store", in essence it is used to contrast the extremely cold and harsh social reality. In essence, this is used to contrast the extremely cold and harsh social reality. Secondly, while Lu Xun tries his best to reveal the ugly reality, he also exposes the causes and background of this dark social reality. Marx once said, "The more any ruling class withdraws from the stage of history, the more intense will be their struggle and the darker will be their rule." Kong Yiji lived in the era of the Qing Dynasty when the feudal rule was in its worst days, when the class conflicts were extremely sharp and the social and economic foundation was seriously damaged, thus making the poor starving and dying; the rich were unkind to the rich and oppressing the good people. It is because of this that the novel Kong Yi Ji has a very profound and complex social background, which provides a reasonable basis for the development of the novel's plot.

(2) The Method of Typical Image Shaping

First of all, Lu Xun used the artistic technique of miscellaneous synthesis in portraying this character. Kong Yijie is one of the millions of readers who have suffered from the poison of feudal education and culture, and there are many weaknesses of the lower intellectuals in him: firstly, "Kong Yijie is the only one who wears a long shirt and drinks standing up", which shows that such readers are not able to get a job, and are unwilling to lower themselves to be with the poor people. The whole day is in a state of stupor and numbness. Secondly, these people are very sad, can not clearly recognize their own situation, always with the "scholar" as their own, but also often with the "gentleman fixed poor" and other feudal and pedantic theories to deceive themselves and others, self-deprecation. Secondly, the method of selecting typical details. There are two main places in Kong Yi Ji. One is that Kong Yiji, before his leg was broken, went to a hotel and did not pay any attention when he was ridiculed, but "said to the shopkeeper, 'Warm two bowls of wine and a plate of fennel beans. Then he discharged nine big coins.'" The details here explain on the one hand that Kong Yiji could barely get by at this time, and on the other hand it shows his pedantry - "discharging" nine large sums of money, which seems to be a kind of complacency and bragging. Another point is that after Kong Yijie's legs were broken by Mr. Ding, he walked with his hands, and when "I" served him wine, "he touched four large coins out of his torn coat pocket", which shows that Kong Yijie was in a desperate situation - physically disabled and in danger of losing his life. The situation shows that Kong Yiji is in a desperate situation - physically crippled and in danger of losing his life. These two typical details of the description for the enrichment of the character image and personality of Kong Yiji has a certain role in promoting and embellishing.

Additionally, the method of "designing a typical environment for the characters" is utilized. A series of events in Kong Yi Ji take place in the typical environment of Xianheng Hotel. This is because, firstly, there is the bad habit of drinking, which is favorable for "me", a small hotel boy, to directly narrate and feel Kong Yijie's unfortunate encounter and his dilemmas in the hotel. Secondly, Xianheng Hotel is also a place frequented by many people, there are both the "long-shirt family" and the poor "short-clothes gang", through the depiction of these characters, it is conducive to better showing the "small society" of Xianheng Hotel and insinuating the "small society" of the time. Through the depiction of these characters, it helps to better show the "small society" of Xianheng Hotel and allude to the whole society at that time, which is very important for reflecting the situation of all social classes and the relationship between people and revealing the social reality.

In addition, the language and portraits in the novel "Kong Yi Ji" are also very prominent, and together with the above artistic expressions, they enrich and enhance the artistic influence of the whole novel.

Kong Yi Ji is one of Lu Xun's earlier novels with an anti-feudal theme. Although it is not the most influential of Lu's novels, its unique charm and value can partly represent the ideological and artistic characteristics of Lu Xun's novels, which is of some significance for us to study and analyze Lu Xun's life and thought and his early life situation.