Please give specific examples to illustrate the characteristics of art in Tang Dynasty.

Artistic characteristics of the Tang Dynasty (the following contents can be excerpted from one or two sections)

(1) Take architectural art as an example:

1. Large scale and strict planning.

Chang 'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, covers an area of 83 square kilometers, which is eight times that of Xi 'an Chang 'an (Ming Xi Chang 'an). It was the most magnificent and prosperous city in the world at that time. The planning of Chang 'an is the most rigorous in the ancient capital city of China. By the Tang Dynasty, other buildings, such as government buildings and yamen, were spacious and spacious, which was beyond the reach of any feudal dynasty.

2. The wooden structure building has solved a large area and a large number of technical problems, and has been finalized:

In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, large-scale buildings were no longer solved by outsourcing small-space wooden buildings to rammed earth platforms, as in the Han Dynasty. All components, especially the forms and materials of the bucket arch, have been standardized, which reflects the progress of the construction management level, accelerates the construction speed and promotes the architectural design.

3. Improvement of design and construction level:

The technicians who master the design and construction expect excellent professional skills and specialize in the design and on-site command of public and private houses for a living. Generally, houses are built according to the drawings after being painted on the walls. After the house is completed, he will write his name "Duliao" on the beams, which has been used until the Yuan Dynasty.

4. Further development of masonry engineering:

Mainly because of the increase in masonry used in pagodas. At present, all the Tang pagodas preserved in China are brick pagodas. There are three kinds of masonry towers in Tang Dynasty: pavilion tower, dense eaves tower and single-story tower.

5. The truthfulness and maturity of architectural art treatment;

The architectural style of the Tang Dynasty is characterized by grandeur, neatness and liveliness. The existing wooden building materials reflect the unity of architectural art processing and structure in Tang Dynasty. The structure of the bucket arch, the image of the column and the treatment of the beam all make people feel the internal relationship between the stress state and the image of the component itself, and achieve the unity of strength and beauty. Simple and bright colors, flat roofs and unpretentious doors and windows give people a solemn and generous impression, which is not easy to find in the architecture of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

(2) Take clothing as an example:

The most obvious feature of clothing is the dual-track system. Wear the traditional costumes of the Han nationality at the big sacrificial ceremony. In normal times, the official costume of the Tang Dynasty was made of Hufu (Xianbei clothing).

By the Tang dynasty, the country was unified, the economy was prosperous, the shape was more open, and the costumes were more and more gorgeous. The characteristic of women's dress in Tang Dynasty is the unity of skirt, blouse and blouse. Among women, there is an image of topless and bare arms. On the east wall of Princess Yongtai's tomb, there is an image of a woman in the Tang Dynasty, with a high bun, shirtless, HongLing shoulders, a yellow short-sleeved blouse, a long green dress sweeping the floor, and a red belt hanging from her waist, which gives a more vivid understanding of "powder chest is half hidden and dark snow is suspected" and "wearing fine grass when sitting, that is, sweeping plum blossoms with a skirt". The collars of women's wear in the Tang Dynasty include round neck, square collar, oblique collar, straight collar and chicken heart collar. Short skirts and long skirts are characterized by high waists, generally above the waist, and some are even tied under the armpits, giving people a very slender feeling.

It is common for men in the Tang Dynasty to wear round neck robes, especially robes. Wotou, also known as Fu Tou, is a primitive costume formed on the basis of the Han and Wei Dynasties. After the Tang Dynasty, people added a fixed ornament to the hoe, called "towel". The shape of towels varies from time to time. Besides towels, many changes have taken place in the feet of steamed bread. By the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the original soft foot had become a hard foot with one left and one right. Officials in the Tang Dynasty mainly wore round neck and narrow sleeves, and their colors have been stipulated: all officials with more than three products should use purple; More than five products, blushing for color; Six products and seven products are green; Eight products and nine products are cyan, and a horizontal bow is applied under the robe, which is also a major feature of men's wear at that time.

(3) Take calligraphy and painting as an example:

Most of the authors of the ladies' paintings in the Tang Dynasty are very familiar with the life of court aristocratic women, so they have a precise grasp of the temperament and demeanor of clan women and ladies-in-waiting. By describing the details of people's movements, the most important artistic feature of figure painting in Tang Dynasty is the use of ink, and the colors all reflect the essence of figure painting in Tang Dynasty. The color is thin but not elastic, and the description of texture is very appropriate. The spun clothes are light and transparent, and the skin is rich and fair. Multi-layer baking, covering dyeing, separate dyeing and replacing lines with colors all opened up a new style of meticulous figure painting in Tang Dynasty. The most important thing is that the Tang people highlighted the plump figure of ladies-in-waiting, because at that time, being fat was beauty.

Great achievements have also been made in the art of calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty. There are many calligraphers in the Tang Dynasty, and there are many schools, which are related to the prosperity of economy and the activity of culture and art. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, with the social economy, culture and art, there have been great changes and developments. Calligraphy style tends to be vigorous from the early Tang Dynasty. True grass got rid of the shackles of the Wangs School more thoroughly and formed its own new style. At this time, Zhang Xu, Huai Su, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan and other famous calligraphers appeared. They created a new realm in cursive script and regular script respectively. Official script reappeared in calligraphy. Although it has not surpassed the ancients, there are many famous artists. In the late Tang dynasty, with the gradual decline of the country, calligraphy did not flourish in the early Tang dynasty and the prosperous Tang dynasty, but some calligraphers such as Du Mu, Gao Xian and Pei Xiu also appeared.

(4) Take sculpture as an example:

The overall development of sculpture art in the Tang Dynasty reached the peak in the history of sculpture in China. Therefore, in the history of ancient sculpture art in China, the sculpture of the Tang Dynasty occupied a wonderful chapter. In the Tang Dynasty, the country was rich and the people were strong, and there was a high demand for sculptures such as tomb figures and statues. In the Tang Dynasty, traditional shovel, carving and round carving were widely used in carving, and thin lines were widely used in intaglio carving. Details are represented by intaglio carving, just like drawing lines. Decorative clothing lines, concave and convex surfaces of yin and yang are represented by dense thin lines and short negative lines. Animals are plump and robust, lively and harmonious, and have a strong flavor of life, which is consistent with bird patterns such as gold, silver, porcelain and copper. The characters are good at singing and dancing, playing various musical instruments, and the scene is cheerful; Novel composition, skillful knife work. In short, exquisite carving technology, attention to the accuracy of the overall shape, efforts in detail description, spirit in large and medium, aura in small, with a plump, robust, graceful and generous, romantic and unrestrained atmosphere of the times.

(5) poetry.

The Tang Dynasty is the peak of China's classical poetry, with rich themes, diverse styles, numerous schools and complete systems. The development of Tang poetry has roughly experienced four stages: early Tang, prosperous Tang, middle Tang and late Tang.

1. Poetry in the early Tang Dynasty. Poetry in the early Tang Dynasty was still in the afterglow of Sui Chen's period. The poems of Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong and the literati around him are gorgeous and soft. Shangguan Tiqi was wrong and charming. Only a few people, such as Wei Zhi, Wang Ji and Wang Fanzhi, can get rid of this custom. It was not until the four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty that the content and form of poetry were developed.

2. Poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. On the basis of "Shen" and "Song", the poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty further combined the correct direction with the perfect form. From Kaiyuan of Xuanzong to Tianbao, poetry flourished in an all-round way, and a large number of famous artists appeared. Their works are exquisite and beautiful, vigorous and fresh, with fantastic images and harmonious rhythm, showing the artistic characteristics of the times. Frontier poems and pastoral poems occupy a large proportion in the poems of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

3. Poetry in the Middle Tang Dynasty. At the beginning of the middle Tang Dynasty, the country declined, and the poetry circle was also depressed. The works of Liu Changqing and Wang Wei, ten talented poets in Dali, are exquisite and elegant, but their contents are superficial. Lu Lun and Li Yi have some desolate frontier poems with bold artistic conception. The most outstanding figure in this issue is Wei, whose pastoral poems are elegant and free, while his Yuefu songs are satirized in aestheticism.

4. Late Tang poetry. The poetic style in the late Tang Dynasty became more and more delicate. Although there have been writers and works with great influence in the history of literature, they generally lack the broad spirit and muddy realm in the middle of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

In a word, the Tang Dynasty was an era of high political and economic development, prosperous culture and art, and splendid feudal culture, and it was the most brilliant page in the cultural history of China.

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