What are the famous cold weapons in history? What are their characteristics? Knives like Damascus machetes.

Analysis:

Sword: A sharp cold weapon used in ancient China, used for stabbing and chopping in close combat. It is divided into two parts: the sword body and the hilt. The sword body is slender, with blades on both sides and sharp tip. The handle is short and easy to hold. A sword is usually equipped with a sheath. The earliest sword in China was a bronze sword in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Later, with the development of science and technology, iron swords and steel swords appeared.

Spear: Cold weapon used for stabbing and poking in ancient China. It consists of a gun head and a gun handle. The gun head is mostly made of metal, and the gun handle is mostly made of wood, bamboo and rattan, and there are also metal materials. Spears are generally 1.8-2.7 meters long, and some are more than 4 meters long. The spearhead is generally 40 cm long, and some reach more than 80 cm. Early spearheads were stones or animal bones. With the development of science and technology, bronze and iron spearheads appeared.

Halberd: In ancient China, spear and Ge Gong were combined as cold weapons in fighting. Consists of a halberd head and a halberd handle. The halberd head is made of metal, and the halberd handle is made of wood and bamboo. The longest halberd can reach more than 3 meters. It can not only stab, poke and pick, but also hook and peck. It is a sharp weapon used by infantry and cavalry. Early halberds were bronze halberds, and later with the development of science and technology, iron halberds appeared.

Knife: Cold weapon used for short-distance chopping in ancient China. It consists of a knife body and a handle. The blade is long and narrow, with thin blade and thick ridge. The handle is either long or short. There are many kinds, including broadsword, broadsword and girdle sword, which are the main weapons of China ancient army. In the early days, it was a stone knife, and later it developed into a bronze knife, an iron knife and a steel knife.

Dagger: A short, sword-like cold weapon. It consists of a knife body and a handle. 20-30 cm long, divided into single blade and double blade. Dagger is short and easy to hide, and it has been one of the cold weapons used by the army since ancient times.

Ge: The cold weapon used for hooking and pecking in ancient China. It consists of a head and a handle. Most of the songs are cast in bronze. The handles are mostly made of bamboo and wood, and the length is usually around 1 m, and the longest is more than 3 meters. Ge prevailed from Shang Dynasty to Warring States Period. In the late Warring States period, there were more and more iron weapons, and bronze weapons were gradually eliminated, and they were extinct in the late Western Han Dynasty.

Bow and arrow: A long-range weapon with a sharp blade fired with a bow in ancient China. Bow consists of elastic bow arm and flexible bow string; Arrows include arrows, shafts and feathers. Arrows are made of copper or iron, stems are made of bamboo or wood, and feathers are carved or eagle hair. It is one of the important weapons used by China's ancient army.

Shield: A hand-held protective weapon used by the ancient army of China. The shape is rectangular, trapezoidal or circular. The material is leather, wood, rattan or metal. The big shield is about 1 m high and 60-80 cm wide. The small shield is about 60 cm high and 40 cm wide.

Armor: A protective weapon worn by soldiers in ancient China. It consists of an armor body, an armor skirt and an armor sleeve. The armor skirt and the armor sleeves can stretch up and down, which is convenient for fighting. Originally made of rattan and leather, with the development of science and technology, bronze and armor appeared, which can effectively defend against the attack of bronze and armor weapons.

Firearms: metal tubular shooting firearms in China in Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. It consists of muzzle, powder chamber and tail. When in use, the detonating cord drawn from the medicine chamber is ignited, and the gunpowder in the medicine chamber is ignited, and the stone bullets or iron blocks pre-installed in the front chamber are ejected by the explosive force of the gunpowder gas, killing the enemy. This device is the first generation metal tubular shooting firearm in Proterozoic in China. Made of copper and iron, it appeared at the latest in the Yuan Dynasty (about 65438+the beginning of the 4th century) and was widely used in naval warfare and land warfare. Firearms used in wartime include: single-barrel spear, multi-barrel three-eye large-caliber short gun, five-row spear, seven-star spear, ten-eye spear and large-caliber bowl spear (caliber 100- 120mm).

French machine: China artillery in the middle of Ming Dynasty. Consists of a mother spear and a child spear. The female spear has a slender barrel and a small caliber. The spear is equipped with a sight and a camera door, which can aim and shoot at long-distance targets. There are gun ears on both sides of the gun body. You can put the gun body on the bracket and adjust the shooting angle by pitching. The back of the spear is thick, and there is a long hole and slot for holding the spear. A sub-spear is similar to a small spear. Each female spear is equipped with 5 to 9 Zhi Zi spears, which can be pre-loaded with ammunition. In the battle, the spears are loaded and fired in turn to improve the firing speed. French machines were invented in Europe. In the first year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1522), it was introduced into China from Portugal, and it was called "French Machine" according to the country name. In the third year of Jiajing (1524), the Ming court successfully copied the first batch of 32 French patent machines, each weighing about 300 Jin, with a female spear 2.85 feet long and four sub-spears. Later, the Ming court successively copied French machines of various sizes and models, and equipped them with northern and coastal troops.

Bird gizzard: China's general term for the matchlock and flintlock in the late Ming Dynasty. It consists of a barrel, a powder pool, a bolt, a sight and a gun handle. When in use, the pre-burning matchrope is used to pull the bolt to drive the matchrope to ignite the compacted gunpowder in the gunpowder pool, and the lead bullet in the barrel is shot out by the explosive force of the gunpowder gas to kill the enemy. Chicken gizzards were invented in Europe. During Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, Rumi (now translated as rum, located in present-day Turkey) was introduced into China, and was later copied by Ming Dynasty. The original imitations of bird spears are front loading, sliding chamber and matchrope, which is the embryonic form of modern rifles. The caliber is about 9- 13mm, the barrel length is 1- 1.5m, the total gun length is 1.3-2m, and the weight is 2-4kg. With a weight of 3- 1 1g and a range of 150-300m, it was once one of the main light weapons of the Ming and Qing armies.