Hardware culture common sense

1. What is the common sense of hardware pendant

A, how to choose copper pendant?1, look at the material.

All-copper casting products tend to be tightly structured, hand weight, in addition to heavier than similar products, and feel real, solid and durable; 2, look at the plating. Standard plating layer not only can make the product surface detailed and uniform, but also to avoid oxidation and rust in a humid environment.

Look at the surface of the pendant with your eyes, if the surface is blister-free and the plating is even, you can choose. 3, look at the process.

The products processed through strict process standards, often through complex machining, polishing, welding, inspection and other processes, the product is not only beautiful, good performance, and feel very good, even smooth and flawless. Second, how to maintain the pendant? 1, regular cleaning products to maintain its appearance clean and bright; 2, with water or neutral detergent to clean the surface of the product, and then wipe dry with a soft towel can be; 3, cleaning products, do not use chemical compositions or corrosive detergents, especially with a frosting effect of the detergent and rough fabric cleaning wipe; 4, pay attention to the hidden location of the cleaning products, the appropriate time to clean! The product will last as long as the new.

2. What is the culture of front desk hardware

Hardware culture hardware: refers to gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, generalized metal.

The Sea of Words contains: Hardware: refers to gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, today commonly used for the metal or copper and iron and other products collectively. Dictionary: hardware: five kinds of metal.

"Wu Yue Chun Qiu" four "Helu Lu internal transmission": "I heard that the king of Yue Yuan Chang made Ou Yezi made sword five, ...... a Zhanlu, hardware of the English, the essence of the sun." According to the "Han Book - Food and Wine" on the "gold, knife, turtle, shellfish" Note: "Gold is five colors of gold, yellow is said to be gold, white is said to be silver, red is said to be copper, green is said to be lead, black is said to be iron."

Later known as gold, silver, copper, iron, tin for hardware. Hardware, refers to the gold, silver, copper, iron, tin five metal materials, hardware for the mother of industry; the basis of national defense, hardware material products, usually only divided into two categories of hardware and small hardware.

The big hardware refers to steel plates, steel bars, flat iron, universal angle, channel iron, I-beam iron and various types of steel materials, small hardware for construction hardware, white iron, locks class nails, wire, steel wire mesh, steel wire cutters, home hardware, various tools and so on. On the nature and use of hardware, should be divided into iron and steel materials, non-ferrous metal materials, mechanical parts, transmission equipment, auxiliary tools, work tools, construction hardware, home hardware and other eight categories, the long history of hardware culture is an inexhaustible source.

The rise of Yongkang is inseparable from thousands of years of hardware culture. After archaeological evidence, five thousand years ago, the founder of the Chinese nation - the Yellow Emperor had come to Yongkang Shicheng Mountain refining copper casting tripod.

Qianlong "Qin Ding Siku Quanshu" collection of the Southern Dynasties - Chen - Yu Li by the "Ding Records", the authoritative works of the tripod recorded Yongkang since ancient times, "Huangdi cast tripod" said. The Yellow Emperor cast tripods, the Spring and Autumn sword casting, Han crossbow machine, Song copper mining, the Qing system of gun barrels.

Local scholars believe that "the Yellow Emperor is the ancestor of hardware, Yongkang is the source of hardware." Moreover, the famous scholar, the Southern Song Dynasty scholar, Yongkang Chen Liang unique, the creation of "Yongkang school", advocating "righteousness and benefit double line" of work, and in the debate with the famous scholar Zhu Xi formed the Confucian culture of utilitarianism, Chen Liang thought rooted in the hearts of the people of Yongkang.

There are American scholars specializing in research published monographs, that Chen Liang's ideas in many ways close to the concept of modern market economy. Yellow Emperor hardware culture and Chen Liang utilitarian Confucian culture combined with Yongkang local culture, in the development of modern market economy shine, become Yongkang entrepreneurial development of inexhaustible power.

3. What traditional hardware fittings refer to

Hardware fittings refer to machine parts or components made of hardware, as well as some small hardware products.

It can be used alone or as an assisting appliance. For example, hardware tools, hardware parts, daily-use hardware, architectural hardware, and security supplies.

Most of the small hardware products are not final consumer goods. Rather, they are used as supporting products for industrial manufacturing, semi-finished products, and tools used in the production process, and so on.

Only a small portion of daily use hardware products (accessories) is a must-have tool for people's lives. Curtain wall hooks, curtain wall accessories, curtain wall hardware parts automatic drilling, tapping and cutting integrated equipment, Baishi Boyu automation equipment Baishi Boyu non-standard automation equipment factory.

Automation equipment and machinery specializing in the processing of curtain wall hooks, curtain wall fittings, curtain wall hardware. Door and window hardware accessories handles, handles, hinges, pins, pulls, hinges, wind braces, pulleys, door flowers, throat hoops, lock boxes, bumper beads, crescent locks, multi-point locks, actuators, lifters, door closers, glass glues, three-star locks and so on.

4. Ancient Chinese culture and general knowledge of the collection to pay attention to what

Directly referred to as the name of the roughly three cases: (1) self-refer to the name or name.

Such as "within five steps, Xiangru please be able to neck blood splash the king carry on", "Luling Wen Tianxiang self-preface its poetry. (2) Used for introduction or biography.

For example, "So and Lu Su went to Sun Quan", "Liu Jingting, Yang's Taizhou people". (3) said that the people who are detested and despised.

Such as "Unfortunately, Lv Shimeng constructed in front of the evil, Jia Yuqing offer flattered in the back". Called the word of the ancients named at a young age, adult (male 20 years old, female 15 years old) to take the word, the word and the name have a meaningful connection.

The word is to make it easier for others to call the word, and to call the word out of courtesy and respect for the generation or generation. Such as Qu Ping for Qu Yuan, Sima Qian for Sima Zi long, Tao Yuanming for Tao Yuanliang, Li Bai for Li Taibai, Du Fu for Du Zimei, Han Yu for Han retreat, Liu Zongyuan for Liu Zihou, Ouyang Xiu for Ouyang Yongshu, Sima Guang for Sima Junshi, Su Shi for Su Zizhan, Su Zhe for Su Ziyu and so on.

The title number is also called alias, table number. The fundamental difference between name, word and number is: the former is taken by the father or honored, the latter is taken by themselves.

No., generally used only for self-proclaimed, in order to show some kind of interest or express some kind of emotion; the title is also a kind of honorific. For example: Tao Qian, Mr. Willow, Li Bai, the number of green lotus dwellers, Du Fu, the number of Shaoling wild old man, Bai Juyi, the number of Xiangshan Jushi, Li Shangyin, the number of Yuxi, He Zhizhang, the late years of the self-titled Simei fanatic, Ouyang Xiu, the number of drunkenness, and the number of the late years of the six one, Wang Anshi late years of the halfway, Su Shi, the number of East Slope Dweller, Luyou, the number of the release of the mountain, the number of Wenshan Wenti, Xin Qiji, the number of Jiaxuan, the number of easy to live, Yang Wanli, the number of sincerity of the Zhai, the number of Luo Guanzhong, the Lake Sea The scattered people, Guan Hanqing has been Zhaizao, Wu Chengen Shiyangshanren, Fangbao Wangxi, Wu callus I Foshan people, Yuan Mei, the old man with the garden, Liu Osprey, the Hongdu Hundred Refinement Sheng.

Posthumous name of the ancient princes and generals, senior officials, famous scribes and other deaths were added to the title called posthumous name. For example, Tao Yuanming for the Jingjie Zhengshi, Ouyang Xiu for Ouyang Wenzhong Gong, Wang Anshi for Wang Wen Gong, Fan Zhongyan for Fan Wenzheng Gong, Wang Ao for Wang Zhongsu Gong, Zuo Guandou for Zuo Zhongyi Gong, Shi Kefa for Shi Zhonglie Gong, Lin Zexu for Lin Wenzhong Gong.

The * minister Qin Hui for mu ugly is a "bad posthumous". The name of the fast refers to the fast or room number to address.

For example, the Southern Song poet Yang Wanli's lent is called Chengzhai, and people call it Yang Chengzhai; Yao Nai is called Yao Shihou and Mr. Shihou because of his lent is called Shihou Xuan. Another example is to call Pu Songling as Mr. Liaozhai, Liang Qichao as the master of the Ice Drinking Room, and Tan Sitong as Tan Zhuangfei (whose lent is called Zhuangfeilou).

Called place of origin, such as the Tang poet Meng Haoran is Xiangyang people, so people called Meng Xiangyang; Zhang Jiuling is Qujiang people, so people called Zhang Qujiang; Liu Zongyuan is Hedong (now Shanxi Yongji) people, so people called Liu Hedong; Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi is a Jiangxi Linchuan people, so people called Wang Linchuan; the Ming Dynasty opera singer Tang Xianzu is known as Tang Linchuan (Linchuan, Jiangxi); the early Qing Dynasty scholars Gu Yanwu is the town of Tinglin in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, people, known as Gu Tinglin; Kang Youliang is a person called Gu Tinglin, a person called Gu Tinglin. Gu Tinglin (a native of Tinglin Town, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province); Kang Youwei (a native of Nanhai, Guangdong Province); and Yuan Shikai (a native of Xiangcheng, Henan Province), the leader of the Northern Warlords. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there was a famous couplet full of ridicule: "The prime minister Hefei is thin in the world, and the secretary of the peasant Changshu is barren in the world."

The first line "Hefei" refers to Li Hongzhang (Hefei, Anhui Province), the second line "Changshu" that is, born in Changshu, Jiangsu Province, Weng Tongxie. Although Han Yu is a member of the Hanyang (now Meng County, Henan Province), but because of Changli (now Yi County, Liaoning Province) Han for the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu often "Changli Han Yu" self-proclaimed, the world then called it Han Changli.

Another example is Su Shi was Sichuan Meizhou people, but he sometimes called himself "Zhao County Su Shi", "Su Zhao County", because Su is a prominent family in Zhao County. The name of the official name, such as "Sun Zharu smart and benevolent", "Sun Zharu" that is, Sun Quan, because he had been awarded the official position of General Zharu, so it is called.

"Plum Blossom Ridge Records" has "Secretary from the north", "said Yan Taishi to the military solution, Wen Shaobao also to realize the great light method of cicadas off" sentence, "Secretary" is the official position of Hong Chengchou, "Secretary", "Secretary" is the official position of Hong Chengchou, "Secretary" is the official position of Hong Chengchou, "Secretary" is the official position of Hong Chengchou, "Secretary" is the official position of Hong Chengchou. "Master" is the official position of Yan Zhenqing "Prince Master" of the provincial title, "Shaobao" is the official position of Wen Tianxiang. The book with his wife: "Sima spring shirt, I can not learn to forget too much."

"Sima" refers to Bai Juyi, who was the Secretary of Jiangzhou. The official name used as a person's title in ancient times is quite common, such as Jia Yi for Jia Tai Fu; "Bamboo" one of the seven sages, Ruan Ji served as a foot soldier lieutenant, the world called Ruan foot soldiers; Jikang had to worship in the bulk of the doctor, the world called Jik in the bulk of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the great calligrapher Wang Xizhi, the official to the right army generals, and so far, people still say that the king's right army; Wang Wei has served as a Shangshu right, the world called the king right; Du Fu has served as a left collector, the world said that the king right Du Fu was the left pickup, so it is called Du pickup, but also because of the inspection of the Ministry of Public Works, so it is also known as the Ministry of Public Works; Liu Yuxi was the Prince's guest, known as Liu guest; Liu Yong was the Tun Tian, known as Liu Tun Tian; Su Shi was the Duanming Hall of the Hanlin School, known as the Su Bachelor.

The name of the title "training thrifty show Kang" "recent Kou Lai Gong luxury crown a moment", Kou Zhun's title is the Duke of Laiguo, Lai Gong is the provincial name. Plum Blossom Ridge" "Heshuo Yu Prince to Mr. call", Duo Duo was named Prince Yu in the Qing Dynasty.

"Liu Jingting biography" "Ningnan south, Anhui Marshal wants to jiehuan Ningnan, Jingting in the Shogunate", Ningnan is the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zuo Liangyu title Ningnan Marquis of the provincial name. Such as Zhu Geliang was knighted Marquis Wuxiang, so the descendants of the Marquis of Wuxiang; North and South Dynasty poet Xie Ling Yun inherited his ancestor Xie Xuan's title Kangle Gong, so the world called Xie Kangle; early Tang Dynasty, Wei Zheng was knighted Duke of Zheng, so the world called Wei Zheng Gong; the famous Guo Ziyi in the pacification of the "Anshi Rebellion" in the Fenyang County King of Fenyang due to the merit of the title, the world called Guo Fenyang; the great calligrapher Chu Suilian The great calligrapher Chu Sui-liang, Duke of Henan, known as Chu Henan; Wang Anshi of the Northern Song Dynasty, Duke of Jing, known as Duke of Wang Jing; Sima Guang, Duke of Wen, known as Duke of Sima Wen; Liu Ji, the minister of Zhu Yuanzhang in the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Duke of Chengyi, and the people are called by the name of Chengyi Bo.

The term "official" refers to the name of the place where the official is appointed. For example, "The Battle of Red Cliff": "Where does Yuzhou want to be today?" Because Liu Bei was once the assassin of Yuzhou, he was called by the official place.

Another example is Jia Yi, who was relegated to Changsha, and was called Changsha; Kong Rong, one of the "Seven Sons of Jian'an", was a minister of Beihai, and was called Kong Beihai; Tao Yuanming was a magistrate of Pengze, and was called Tao Pengze; Luo Binwang was a minister of Linhai, and was called Locke Linhai; Cen Sen, who was an assassin of Jiazhou, and was called Cen Jiazhou; Weiyingwu was an assassin of Suzhou, and was called Wei Suzhou; and Liu Zongyuan was an official of Suzhou, and was called Wei Suzhou; and Liu Zongyuan was an official of Suzhou. The world called Wei Suzhou; Liu Zongyuan was once the assassin of Liuzhou, and the world called Liu Liuzhou; Jia Dao was once the chief bookkeeper of Changjiang County, and the world called Jia Changjiang, and his collection of poems was called The Collection of Changjiang. The collection of his poems is called "Yangtze River Collection". The four of them, Luling Xiao Jungui Junyu, Changle Wang Hui Shen father.

5. Hardware purchase of common sense what

Hardware purchase of common sense: 1, choose the material: functional hardware for the material requirements are very high, each different material determines the function of the use of reasonable.

Copper is generally one of the most widely used materials, but the cost is also relatively high, easy to rust so do not apply to the kitchen, the kitchen more stainless steel, the more you use the brighter. 2, pick the design: in the past, the hardware may not pay much attention to the design, nowadays hardware also want to "value".

To pull the basket, for example, well-designed pull the basket to facilitate people's storage habits, the rational use of cabinet storage space, so that the kitchen supplies "in place" to achieve the maximum use of space value. Basket can be divided into stove pull basket, three pull basket, drawer pull basket, ultra-narrow pull basket, high depth pull basket, corner pull basket, and so on.

3, look at the finished product: buy closet and cabinet functional hardware, be sure to personally experience, hands try "water". For example, the slide of the pull-tab, a good slide has a smooth and free push and pull, quiet and silent, soft rebound characteristics, when you buy the drawer can be pulled out, use your hand on the top of the slightly hard pressure to see if it will be loosened, rattling or flipped.

6. General knowledge of ancient culture

Ancient astronomy Four Elephants The ancients divided the twenty-eight lodges in the east, north, west, and south of the four directions, each side of the seven lodges imagined as four animal images, called the four elephants.

The eastern seven lodges as flying in the spring and early summer night sky of the dragon, so it is called the East Canglong; northern seven lodges like a snake, tortoise appeared in the summer and early fall night sky, so it is called the North Xuanwu; western seven lodges as a tiger leaped out of the late fall and early winter night sky, so it is called the West White Tiger; southern seven lodges like a winged sparrow, appeared in the cold winter and early spring night sky, so it is called the South Zhuquan. Alias of the Moon The moon is the most prominent of the natural objects mentioned in ancient poems to be depicted.

Its aliases can be divided into: (1) because the first moon is like a hook, so it is called silver hook, jade hook. (2) Because the string of the moon as a bow, so called jade bow, bow moon.

(3) Because the full moon is like a wheel, like a disk, like a mirror, it is called the golden wheel, jade wheel, silver disk, jade disk, golden mirror, jade mirror. (4) Because of the legend that there are rabbits and toads in the moon, it is called the silver rabbit, jade rabbit, golden toad, silver toad, toad palace.

(5) Because of the legend that there is a laurel tree in the moon, it is called laurel moon, laurel wheel, laurel palace, laurel prana. (6) Because of the legend that there are two palaces in the moon, Guanghan and Qingxu, they are called Guanghan and Qingxu.

(7) Because of the legend of the moon driving the god's name Wangshu, so called the moon for Wangshu. (8) Because of the legend that Chang'e lives in the moon, the moon is called Chang'e.

(9) Because people often compare the beauty of the moon to the moon, it is called the moon Canyuan. Ancient Geography Rivers and rivers in many ancient texts refer exclusively to the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.

For example, "Hongmen Banquet": "Generals fight in Henan, I fight in Hebei."

The Rites of Passage: "And then I trampled on the Huawei city, because the river is a pool."

"Sacrifice sister text" "graves in Hangzhou, the river is wide and deep", where "river" refers to the Yangtze River, "river" refers to the canal. The West River is also known as Hexi, the area west of the Yellow River.

For example, Lian Po Lin Xiangru Liezhuan: "The meeting was held in Mianchi, outside the West River." The Treatise on Exceeding the Qin: "Then the Qin took beyond the Western River by arching their hand."

Jiangdong is east of the Yangtze River. For example, Li Qingzhao's poem: "To this day, I think of Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong."

The Battle of Red Cliff: "And the battle of father and brother's martyrdom, cut off Jiangdong." The Battle of Red Cliffs: "The Battle of Red Cliffs" is a battle of the JD.

The ancients take east as left and west as right. The Group Yinghui Jiang Gan in the plan: "That is to pass the order to call all the left side of the Yangtze River to meet with ZiYi."

Jiang table south of the Yangtze River. The Battle of Red Cliff: "Jiang table heroes, salty subservient."

Jiangnan south of the Yangtze River, the general term, referring to the region varies from time to time. Bai Juyi's words: "Jiangnan is good, the scenery is old and familiar."

Wang Anshi's poem: "Spring breeze and green south bank of the river, when the moon shines on me still." The eastern side of the Huai Shui in Huai Zuo.

"Yangzhou Slow", "the famous capital of the Huai Zuo, Bamboo West", Yangzhou in the east of the Huai Shui. Shandong, as the name suggests, is on the east side of the mountain.

It should be noted, however, that the "mountains" of Shandong can refer to several different mountains, such as Mount Banyan, Mount Huashan, Mount Taihang, and Mount Tai, and the regions they refer to are not the same. The following is a standardized version of "Shandong" with Mount Banyan as the standard.

For example, the Book of Han mentions that "Shandong produces prime ministers and Shanxi produces generals".

"Over the Qin": "The Shandong magnates will rise up and kill the Qin tribe." In ancient times, Guandong referred to the area east of the Hangu Pass or the Tongguan Pass, and in modern times, it refers to the northeastern area east of the Shanhaiguan Pass.

Cao Cao's "Artemis Row": "There are righteous men in Guandong, raising troops to discuss the group of ferocious." It refers to the area east of Tongguan.

Guanxi refers to the area west of Hangu Pass or Tongguan Pass.

Guanzhong refers to a different range, the ancients used to call the area west of Hangu Pass Guanzhong. Hongmen Banquet: "Duke Pei wanted to be the king of Guanzhong, so he made Ziying the minister."

"Over the Qin": "The heart of the First Emperor, since he thought the solidity of Guanzhong." Chronology of China's ancient chronology method has four main: (1) the reign of the king of the year chronology method.

The number of years to the reign of the princes to chronicle. Lian Lin Lie Zhuan: "In the 16th year of King Huiwen of Zhao, Lian Po was the general of Zhao."

(2) the chronology of the year. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there have been year numbers.

Since then, every emperor has to change the year and use the year number as a chronicle. For example, "Pipa Xing", "Ten Years of Yuanhe".

(3) Stem and branch dating method. For example, "Tombstone of the Five": "I still remember the arrest of Zhou Gong, in Dingmao in the hope of March."

(4) the year of the stem and branch method. The emperor's year number is placed in front of the chronicle, and the stem and branch is listed in the back.

"Nuclear Boat" "Tianqi Nongxu Autumn" month method of ancient China has three main methods of chronology: sequential number of chronology method. For example, "picking herbs": "such as flat land in March flowers, deep in the mountains in April flowers."

The earth's branches of the monthly method. The ancients used to call the twelve months by the twelve branches of the earth, and each branch of the earth should be preceded by a specific word "Jian".

For example, Du Fu's poem "Cao Tang": "the deserted village of Jian Zi month, the old man's home" "Jian Zi month" according to the Zhou Dynasty refers to the lunar calendar November. The seasonal chronology.

For example, "Nineteen Ancient Poems": "The cold weather of Mengdong has arrived, and the north wind is miserable." "Mengdong" on behalf of the lunar month of October.

The ancient Chinese calendar method has four main types of calendar method: the order of the number of calendar method. Xiangji Xuanzhi: "three or five nights, the moon half-wall."

"Three and a half" refers to the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar. Stem and branch chronology.

For example, "The Battle of Cuisine": "Summer April Xin Si, defeated the Qin army in Cuisine." "April Xin Si" refers to the thirteenth day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar Lunar phase solar calendar.

This refers to the use of "Shuo, crescent moon (fei), hope, both hope, obscure" and other special names to indicate the phase of the moon to date. The first day of the month is called Shuo (朔), the third day of the month is called Crescent Moon, the middle of the month is called Wang (the fifteenth day of the small month and the sixteenth day of the big month), the day after Wang is called Nuwang (既望), and the last day of the month is called Hi (晦).

The stem and branch of the moon phase method. The stem and branch is placed in the front, the moon phase is listed in the back.

Chronological method of China's ancient chronological method there are two main: the color of the sky chronological method. The ancients were initially based on the changes in the color of the sky will be divided into a day and night for twelve hours, their names are: half past midnight, the cock crows, Pingdan, sunrise, eclipse, corner (yu) in the middle of the day, day in the middle of the sun, the declining sun (die), asr (bu) time, the sun into the dusk, people set.

For example, "Southeast Fly of the Peacock": "The rooster crows into the weaving machine, and there is no rest at night." "After the dusk of the dying day, the silence of the beginning of human fixation."

The Earth's Branches Chronology. The twelve branches of the earth to represent the twelve hours of the day and night.

People's appellation Directly called names are roughly three cases: (1) self-named name or name. Such as "within five steps, Xiangru please be able to neck blood splash the king carry on", "Luling Wen Tianxiang preface their poems".

(2) for the introduction or biography. For example, "So and Lu Su went to Sun Quan", "Liu Jingting, Yang's Taizhou people".

(3) said that the disgusted, despised people. Such as "Unfortunately, Lv Shimeng constructed in front of the evil, Jia Yuqing offer sycophancy in the back".

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7. What is cultural knowledge

Fourth, cultural knowledge: 1, the early Tang Four Heroes: Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin, Luo Binwang.

2. Three Kingdoms: Wei, Shu and Wu. 3, "four great classics": "Dream of the Red Chamber", "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin", "Journey to the West".

4. "Four major folk legends": "Cowherd and Weaving Maiden", "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai", "Meng Jiangnu", "White Snake". 5, the world's four short story giants: Chekhov, Maupassant, Mark? Twain, O? Henry.

6, Su Shi's prose on behalf of the highest achievement of the Northern Song prose, its poetry and Huang Tingjian and called "Su Huang". 7, Ma Zhiyuan's prose masterpiece "Tianjingsha? Autumn Thoughts", known as "the ancestor of autumn thoughts".

8, Cao Xueqin "Phi reading ten years, add and delete five times" created China's classical novels in the greatest work of realism "Dream of Red Mansions" (also known as the "Book of Stones"), which came out on the widely circulated, loved by the people, but also appeared to specialize in the study of the book of a study - "Redology". -Redology", "Redology" has become an important topic in the study of world literature. 9, Lu Xun is the founder of modern Chinese literature, Chen Yi is known as "marshal poet"; Zang Kejia because most of his poems are rural subjects, known as the "soil poet"; field by Wen Yiduo known as "the drummer of the era "The poet of the drums.

10, the three cold friends: pine, bamboo, plum. 11, four gentlemen in flowers: plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum.

12, the literati four friends: qin, chess, calligraphy, painting. 13, four treasures: pen, ink, paper, inkstone.

14, the four libraries: scripture, history, son, collection. 15, "Poetry" "six meanings" refers to: wind, elegant, ode (classification), fugue, than, Xing (expression).

16, Tang poetry, Song lyrics, Yuanqu, Ming and Qing novels. 17, laurel, ao, top of the list, ask, win: first.

18, the three programs and the five norms: "three programs": the father for the son, the ruler for the minister, the husband for the wife; "five norms": benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, wisdom, and faith. 19. "The Four Books" and "The Five Classics" are the main classics of Confucianism: "The Four Books" means "The Analects of Confucius," "The Works of Mencius," "The Meanwhile," and "The University"; "The Five Classics" means "Poetry," "The Book of Songs," and "The Book of Songs," and "The Book of Songs. " refers to "Poetry", "Book", "Rites", "Yi", "Spring and Autumn".

20, Three Emperors: Emperor of Heaven, Emperor of Earth, Emperor of Man or Fuxi, Nüwa, Shennong; Five Emperors: Huangdi, Zhuanxu, ?àòàòàòàò, Tang Yao, Yu Shun. 21, hardware: gold, silver, copper, iron, tin.

22, five flavors: sour, sweet, bitter, spicy, salty. 23, five elements: gold, wood, water, fire, earth.

24. "Yong character eight methods" means that the character "Yong" has eight strokes: point, horizontal, vertical, apostrophe, press, fold, hook, mention. 25, the ancient school has the name of the Ziang, order, Taixue, etc., the highest school in the Ming and Qing Dynasties for the State Prison.

26, the three religions and nine streams: "three religions": Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism; "nine streams": Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang, Legalism, Famous, Mohist, Zongheng and Hengshi, miscellaneous, agricultural. 27, the ancient imperial examinations (from the Sui Dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties): A child test, also known as the "child test", the test takers regardless of age are called children, qualified to obtain the qualification of the student (Xiu Cai, Sang Kung), so that they can participate in the imperial examinations.

B township test, the Ming and Qing dynasties every three years in the provincial capitals of each province held an examination, participated in by the showman, the examination is called lifts, the first named solution (jiè). C will test, the Ming and Qing dynasties every three years in the capital held an examination, the provinces of the lifts and the State Prison Supervisor can be examined, the admission of three hundred for the tributary, the first name will be yuan.

D Palace Examination, is the highest level of the imperial examination system, the emperor in the Palace Court, on the test admitted to the tributary personally questioned, in order to determine the first. Acceptance of three a: a three, give "scholar and the first" title, the first name of the scholar (Ding Yuan), the second name of the top, the third name of the flower, collectively referred to as "three a tripod"; two a number of names, give "scholar's origin The second a number of names, give the title of "bachelor's degree"; the third a number of names, give the title of "the same bachelor's degree". The first three are: 状元, 榜眼, 探花 The official classification of the imperial examinations: township examination, assembly examination, and temple examination. Even three a (three yuan and first): Xie Yuan - will be yuan - the scholar ancient imperial examinations.

V. Poetry and people: Three Gu frequently the world plan, two Dynasties Kaiji old ministers heart. - Zhuge Liang Out of the division before the first death, long make heroes tears in the lapel.

--Ge Liang Zhuge Liang, a table of the world's true name, a thousand years, who can be between the two. --Ge Liang has known that the world has three tripods, and still exhausts the people's plans to go out of the division.

-- Zhuge Liang is upright and unapologetic, leaving the righteousness of the sky; the sorrow and indignation, writing a history of the world. --Shi Ma Qian The wine is sharpened on the stone between the flowers at the discretion of Si Ma Qian, and the bow is hung on the Fusang outside the sky at the leaning of the sword.

--Li Bai A thousand years of poetic talent, Penglai article Jian'an bone; a body of proud bones, Qinglian priest banished immortal. --The first time I saw this, I was in the middle of the night, and I was in the middle of the night, and I was in the middle of the night, and I was in the middle of the night, and I was in the middle of the night.

--Ouyang Xiu Teppan and Copper Pappa following the Dongpo singing the Great River to the East, the beautiful celery sad millet hope that the Southern Song Dynasty will not fly south with the geese. --Xin Qiji The world's devastation, the poetry of the saint; human suffering, the bottom of the waves of the pen.

--Du Fu, who still has the right spirit to participate in the heaven and earth, will always have the heart of a man to shine in the past and present. --Wen Tianxiang Deep thoughts and high, clean and loyal, on the B汩罗江万古悲风.

- Qu Yuan The four sides of the lake and mountains are in the bottom of the eye, and the sorrow and happiness of ten thousand families are in the heart.

-- Fan Zhongyan The river has been running for a hundred generations, and all the waves have poured out all the heroes of the past; the word garden has been in the air for a thousand years, and all the flowers have bloomed in a branch of the daughter's flower.

-- Li Qingzhao translation has not yet become a book, shocked to hear the meteor, China, who led the cry? Mr. already ancient, painful memory of the old rain, the literary world from now on feel at a loss. --Lu Xun *** Zhu Ziqing: "not for five buckets of rice and bend the waist of the people."

Lenin praised Gorky: "The most outstanding representative of proletarian art." Ballet incarnation: Ulanova.

Guan Hanqing was called: "Shakespeare of the East." Six, a sentence review: ① "Romance of the Three Kingdoms": the text is not very deep, the words are not very vulgar.

② "Dream of Red Mansions": words seem to be blood, ten years of hard work is unusual. (Cao Xueqin language) ③ "Mengxi Bianan": the coordinates of the history of Chinese science and technology.

(English) ③ "Dreams and Stories": coordinates in the history of Chinese science and technology. Joseph Lee) ④ The Dragon Struggle: Romance of the Three Kingdoms ⑤ The Emperor's Mirror: Ziji Tongjian ⑥ Timeless Sayings: The Strategies of the Warring States ⑦ The Immortal Art of War: The Art of War by Sun Tzu ⑧ The Funeral Song of the Olden Times: Camel Xiangzi.

8. Knowledge and Culture

The meaning of "knowledge but no culture" is simply that people who have received various types of higher education do not know how to treat others and are not educated.

Knowledge here focuses on people's professional skills, which are the means of transforming society for the benefit of mankind. Mainly refers to the knowledge of specific disciplines, such as physical knowledge, medical knowledge, knowledge of literature and history, etc., is biased in favor of memorization, technical, vocational knowledge The culture here focuses on people's spiritual level, including personality cultivation, ideal beliefs, spirituality, cultural consciousness, social responsibility, etc.; professional knowledge of the people do not necessarily have a culture, cultured people, the level of knowledge is not necessarily high. Culture is a personal cultivation cultivation, Li Youcai board words in the Li Youcai, can not read a few words, but he is definitely a man of culture, astronomy, geography, terroir and people's life common sense did not he did not understand.