What are the traditional culture and folklore in China?

Traditional Chinese folk culture 1, Lahai Festival, the eighth day of the first month of the Lahai month to eat "mixed rice porridge" custom. 2, winter solstice festival winter solstice after thousands of years of development, the formation of a unique festival food culture. Such as wontons, dumplings, dumplings, red bean congee, corn cake, etc. can be used as food for the festival. There were many names of the more popular "winter solstice feast", such as eating winter solstice meat, offering winter solstice plate, offering winter solstice dough, wontons to worship the winter and so on. Winter solstice is a rich festival, according to legend, the winter solstice in the history of the Zhou Dynasty is the New Year's Day, was a very lively day. In today's Jiangnan area still have: eat the winter solstice night rice long a year of saying, commonly known as "add years". 3, nine nine Chung Yeung Festival dating back to the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar, for the traditional Chung Yeung Festival. Because the ancient "I Ching" in the "six" as the number of yin, the "nine" as the number of yang, September 9, the sun and the moon and yang, the two nine heavy, so it is called Chung Yeung, also known as Chung Kau. The name "Chongyang Festival" was recorded in the Three Kingdoms era. According to Cao Pi's "Nine Days and the Book of Zhongtou", "The years go by and the months come and go, and suddenly it is the ninth day of the ninth month. Nine is the number of yang, and the sun and the moon should be the same, so the common people honored its name and thought it was suitable for a long time, so they used it to enjoy the feast." Chongyang Festival is a festival with a long history, due to the age, the formation of the festival is not easy to examine clearly. Therefore, about the origin of the Chongyang Festival, there are a variety of different sayings: Chongyang in the people's lives to become the time boundary markers of the transition between summer and winter. If the on the Si, cold food is the people over the long winter after the room to swim in the Spring Festival, then the Chung Yeung is about in the autumn cold to the new, the people are about to live in seclusion when the ceremonial significance of the fall tour, so the folklore has on the Si, "trekking", Chung Yeung "resignation of the green". Chongyang festival customs are centered around people's feelings of the season. ("Years and Years - traditional Chinese people's time life" by xiao put Chinese books) 4, Mid-Autumn Festival Mid-Autumn Festival has a long history, and other traditional festivals, as is the slow development of the formation of the ancient emperors have the spring sacrifice of the sun, the autumn sacrifice of the moon ritual system, as early as in the book of the "Zhouli", there has been "mid-autumn" word recorded. Later, the aristocrats and scholars also followed suit, in the mid-autumn festival, to the sky and bright and round round moon, ornamental worship, to send feelings, this custom is so spread to the people, forming a traditional activity, until the Tang Dynasty, the custom of the moon festival more people attach importance to, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become a fixed festival, "the Book of the Tang Dynasty - record of the Emperor Taizong," recorded in the "15th of August, the Mid-Autumn Festival "Tang Book - Taizong Records" recorded "August 15 Mid-Autumn Festival", this festival was prevalent in the Song Dynasty, to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, has been on a par with the New Year's Day, become one of the major festivals in China. Mid-Autumn Festival legend is very rich, Chang'e Run to the Moon, Wu Gang felled cinnamon, the Jade Rabbit pounding medicine and other myths are widely spread. 5, Qingming Festival willow Qingming willow willow willow there is a saying: the original Chinese people to Qingming, July 30 and October Solstice for the three major ghosts, is a hundred ghosts out of the time to discuss. People in order to prevent the ghosts of the persecution, and inserted willow wear willow. Willow in people's minds have the function of warding off evil spirits. Influenced by Buddhism, people believe that the willow can be but ghosts, and called "ghosts horror wood", Guan Shiyin to willow branches dipped in water to help all beings. Northern Wei JiaSiFu "qimin yaojutsu" said: "take willow branches on the household, a hundred ghosts do not enter the home." Qingming is a ghost festival, at this time of year when the willow sprouting, people naturally have inserted willow wear willow to ward off evil spirits. The Han people had a custom of "folding the willow to give goodbye": Ba Bridge, east of Chang'an, was a bridge across the water, and the Han people would fold the willow to give goodbye to their guests when they arrived at the bridge. Li Bai wrote, "The color of the willows makes Ba a sad place to say goodbye every year." On both sides of the Ba Bridge in Chang'an in ancient times, the embankment was ten miles long, with a willow at each step. People going east from Chang'an would often come here to say goodbye and break willow branches to bid farewell to their loved ones, as the word "willow" harmonizes with the word "stay" to express the meaning of staying. This custom first originated in the Book of Songs. Xiao Ya. Caiwei" in the "I used to go forward, the willows are still". With the parting gift of willow to express the hard to part, can not bear to part, the heart of love and reluctance to part. Willow is the symbol of spring, and the swaying willow in spring always gives people a sense of prosperity. The "parting of the willow" implies the wish that "spring will always be here". Ancient people sent off their loved ones by folding the willow, which is also a metaphor for their departure from the countryside, just like the willow that leaves its branches, hoping that it will quickly take root and sprout in a new place, just like the willow branches that can live anywhere. It is a kind of good wishes for friends. The poems of the ancients also mentioned a lot of willow bending to give goodbye. In the Tang Dynasty, Quan Deyi's poem reads, "The new acquaintance bends the willow to give it to him"; in the Song Dynasty, Jiang Baishi's poem reads, "I am afraid that there are no green willow branches on the road of farewell"; and in the Ming Dynasty, Guo Deng's poem reads, "Every year, I have been sending away people since long time ago, and I have broken all the willows by the roadside of the border city." In the Qing Dynasty, Chen Weisong wrote: "How many willow branches are left today? To be folded and gifted." People not only see the willow will cause parting sorrow, even hear the song "folding willow", will also touch the feelings of separation. Li Bai's "Hearing the flute in the city of Luo Cheng on a spring night": "When I hear the willow in the song on this night, I can't recall the feelings of the old garden." In fact, the willow tree can have a variety of symbolic meanings, and the ancients have given the willow tree a variety of feelings, so it is reasonable to borrow the willow to send feelings. Cold food in the Qingming days before? There are several ways to say. Southern Liang Zong懔 "荆楚岁时记 "的记载，冬至后一百零五天称寒食节，这样正好是清明节的前二天。 Tang Dynasty Yuan Zhen's poem: "the first over the cold food one hundred and six", that the day before the Qingming Festival for the Cold Food Festival, the Qingming Festival and the winter solstice itself is located in the date, there is a one-day difference. Because the cold food and Qingming days are similar, and the ancients in the cold food activities and often continue to Qingming. Over time, there was no strict distinction between cold food and Qingming. Before and after the Qingming circulated a lot of traditional customs and activities. Such as cold food to give fire, Qingming tomb sweeping, trekking excursions, playing polo, kite flying, swinging, cockfighting, tug of war and so on. These activities as the years continue to alternate, social transmutation changes, some of the customs have been eliminated, some still remain and give a new content. 6, Dragon Boat Festival According to statistics, the name of the Dragon Boat Festival in all of China's traditional festivals in the name of the most, up to more than 20, called the festival aliases of the most. Such as the Dragon Boat Festival, Duanwu Festival, Duanyang Festival, heavy five festival, heavy Wu Festival, Tianzhong Festival, Summer Festival, May Festival, Calamus Festival, Pope Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Bath Orchid Festival, Zongzi Festival and so on. 7, New Year's Eve New Year's Eve is the Chinese people's Spring Festival has long been a fun custom, the earliest is to drive away the "ghosts", and with the development of history and social progress, to drive away the meaning of the ghosts have long since disappeared, and now has become the people in addition to the old to welcome the New Year, and the family *** enjoy the joy of the family annual meeting. Throughout the ages, countless literati on the "New Year's Eve" this custom depicted, leaving a popular cultural heritage for future generations. Xu Junqian in the Liang Dynasty, "**** the insiders sit at night to observe the New Year," a poem, wrote: Joyful feelings have not yet been extreme, enjoy the cups to stop. Wine like peaches, dumplings in the search for prunes. The curtain is open, the wind is in the tent, and the candles have been turned into ashes. Don't doubt that the sideburns are heavy, waiting for the dawn light to destroy. This is a reflection of the joy of people waiting for the dawn on New Year's Eve more than 1400 years ago. Winter is over, spring is back with the handle of the bucket. The cold noise is separated by one night, and the guest's temples are destroyed for two years. Li Deyu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, describes the sleeplessness of people on New Year's Eve. Another poet of the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Shuo's poem "Year-end Watch in Qinzhou" vividly reproduces the homesickness of those who are unable to reunite with their families due to official duties or other reasons: The old year is over tonight, and the new year will come on tomorrow day. The old year is over tonight, and the new year will come on the next day. In the Song Dynasty, New Year's Eve was even more popular. The famous poems written by Su Dongpo, a great writer, such as "Children are strong and do not sleep, and keep watch at night noisily", show the noisy scene of the children's New Year's Eve vigil. As for the royal palace or some rich and noble families, the New Year's Eve celebration was naturally much more luxurious than that of ordinary families. Li Shimin once wrote a poem under the title of "New Year's Eve Celebration", which reads: "Twilight view of the palace is oblique and fragrant, and the annual splendor is beautiful. The cold resigns from the winter snow, and the warmth is brought into the spring breeze. The order of Fu Shu Plum Su, plate flowers rolled candle red. *** happy new and old years, welcome a night in. Another poet in the Tang Dynasty, Du Shenyan, also wrote a poem entitled "New Year's Eve", which shows the scene of those dignitaries laughing and joking and drinking green and red candles during the New Year's Eve: New Year's Eve in the winter of the season to receive New Year's Day, the emperor's son and grandchildren to hold the imperial banquet. The stars and rivers of the palace were low on the trees, and the lamps and candles of the palace court were on the sky. The strings were played to bring in the plum wind, and the cypress wine was passed around in a game of hook and crook. I would like to sing a song of ten thousand lifetimes to the New Year, but I will stay and enjoy it in the spring. At the Hanshan Temple in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, there is a custom of "striking the bell to divide the year", in which 108 bells are struck at midnight on New Year's Eve, with the intention of eliminating the 108 kinds of troubles in the world. Zhang Ji, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, vividly described this in his poem "Night Mooring on the Maple Bridge": "The moon is falling and the crows are crying and the frost is filling the sky, and the fishermen's fires in the rivers and maples are sleeping with their worries". Cold Mountain Temple outside Gusu City, the sound of bells arriving at the passenger boat at midnight. Today, people in the New Year's Eve when the vigil, listening to the bells of the Cold Mountain Temple curling sound, all miss their loved ones and distant friends, all immersed in the sea of happiness and joy.