The main content of the comprehensive knowledge and skills of Chinese medicine

Guiding Principle of Chinese Medicine

Chinese medicine is a medical system with a unique theory, and all aspects of this theoretical system fully embodies the method of holistic understanding. Therefore, the "holistic concept" is its guiding ideology.

Basic characteristics of Chinese medicine

Zangxiang (★★★★★):

The main content of the doctrine of zangxiang, namely, the internal organs.

The physiological functions of the five viscera are mainly two, one of which is to produce and store essence and qi; the other is to hide the spirit, "the heart hides the spirit, the lungs hide the prana, the liver hides the soul, the spleen hides the will, and the kidneys hide the will." (★★★★★)

(1) Physiological functions of the heart: the heart is the master of the blood, promoting the operation of the blood; the heart is the master of the spirit, in charge of spiritual activities.

(2) the physiological function of the lungs: the internal organs, the lungs in the highest position, so called "Huagai", but also because the lungs are delicate and easy to be invaded by the evil, also known as the "delicate organs". Its main physiological functions are: the main gas, Division of respiration, the whole body has the role of regulating qi. It regulates the qi of the whole body. It is also responsible for propagating and purging the lungs. It regulates the water channels and promotes the transmission and excretion of water. The lungs are directed towards the 100 veins and are the main governing section.

(3) Physiological functions of the spleen: the main transport, digestion and absorption of food and drink and transmission of its subtle substances, the absorption of water and liquid, transfer and distribution; the main blood, the spleen can regulate and control the blood, which is meant to run in the veins.

(4) Physiological functions of the liver: main drainage, regulating emotions and promoting digestion, promoting the operation of blood and the metabolism of fluid; main blood storage, with the physiological function of storing blood and regulating blood volume.

(5) the physiological function of the kidney: the kidney has "the essence of the first day" is called "the first day of this". The main physiological functions are: the hidden essence of the essence of the role of sealing, the main growth and reproduction of the organization has a nourishing moistening and warmth to promote the role. Kidney main water to maintain the body fluid metabolism. Kidney main gas, take in the lungs inhalation of clear gas, to prevent the role of shallow breathing.

Physiological functions of the six viscera: **** the same characteristics are subject to the Sheng and the transmission of water and grain. (★★★★★)

Gallbladder: storage and excretion of bile to help digestion; the main decision, with the judgment of things to decide the function, but also belongs to the bowels of Qiheng.

Stomach: the main acceptance of putrefied water and grain; stomach is the sea of water and grain, the main through the descending, to descend for and.

Small intestine: the main receptive and chemical substances, urination and other clear and turbid. Therefore, it is also called: the small intestine is the main liquid.

The Large Intestine: it is responsible for the transfer of dross and the absorption of some of the water. Therefore, it is also known as: the large intestine is the main source of fluid.

The bladder: the main function is to store and urinate.

Triple Burner: known as the "Lonely Mansion", it presides over luck and is in charge of the body's qi and qi chemistry, and is the pathway for the operation of qi and water.

Qiheng's bowels: brain, marrow, bone, pulse, gallbladder, women's cells. The form of hollow, like six bowels but not in direct contact with the water and grain; function like viscera, "to hide the main" similar to the five viscera storage essence. Among them, the brain is the house of God.

The nature and pathogenic characteristics of the six elements

The nature and pathogenic characteristics of the six elements

***The same characteristics 1. exogenous 2. seasonal 3. geographical 4. concomitant

Wind 1. wind is a yang evil, and its nature of openness and leakage, easy to attack the yang position 2. wind is good at traveling and changing 3. wind is the longest of all the diseases

Cold 1. cold is a yin evil, easy to injure yang 2. Cold is stagnant, mainly pain 3. Cold is induced by cold

Summer 1. Summer is a yang evil, and its nature is hot 2. Dampness is heavy and turbid 3. Dampness is sticky 4. Dampness tends to be downward, easy to injure the yin position

Dryness 1. Dryness is dry and astringent, easy to injure fluid 2. Dryness is easy to injure the lungs

Fire 1. Fire and heat are yang evils, and the nature of its inflammation 2. Fire is easy to injure the fluid and exhaustion of qi, 3. Fire and heat is easy to generate wind to move the blood and fire is easy to send out swollen ulcers

Plague The characteristics of the epidemic plague plague disease: the onset of the disease is rapid, the condition of the disease is more serious, the symptoms of similarity, contagious, and easy to be epidemic. It is easy to be popular.

Principles of the arrangement of Chinese medicine bucket spectrum

Principle 1: commonly used drugs should be placed in the bucket shelf in the upper, easy to adjust the operation. Such as astragalus, party involved in licorice.

Principle 2: according to the texture of the tablets in order of importance. Light texture and less dosage of the drug should be placed in the bucket shelf of the upper level, such as moonflower, white plum blossom and Buddha's hand flower; heavy texture of minerals, fossils, shellfish and easy to cause contamination of drugs (such as charcoal medicine), more in the lower level of the bucket shelf. The former, such as magnetite, ochre and amethyst, the latter, such as lotus root charcoal, root charcoal and elm charcoal; the texture of the loose foam Dan dosage of drugs, more on the lowest level of the bucket in the big medicine bucket, such as rehmannia glutinosa and root.

Principle 3: according to the medicinal parts or efficacy of the tablets arranged.

Principle 4: the same prescription often together with the application, such as the "mutual necessity", "make" with the preparation of tablets, prescriptions commonly used in the "pair of" drugs can be placed in the same A bucket. Such as ephedra, cinnamon sticks; sour jujube nut, Yuanzhi.

Medicine and herbal medicine

Canonical books Achievements

The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine, also known as the Neijing, is one of the earliest books on Chinese medicine. It is one of the earliest Chinese medical texts and the most important classic work of Chinese medicine. The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine is divided into two parts: the Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine, Suwen, and the Ling Shu Jing.

The Treatise on Warm Epidemic, written by Wu Yike in 1642 A.D., is the first monograph on warm epidemic in the history of Chinese medicine, which breaks through the original framework of the Treatise on Typhoid Fever in terms of the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of warm epidemic and creates new theories on the identification and treatment of warm epidemics and warm illnesses and is a great source of inspiration and influence on the later generations of warm disease practitioners.

The Divine Husbandman's Classic of the Materia Medica This book is the earliest monograph on materia medica, which has important scientific value and historical influence, and is one of the four classic works on medicine in China.

Reconditioning the political and historical evidence class prepared emergency materia medica abbreviated as "reconditioning the political and materia medica". The book 30 volumes of the book for the earliest surviving complete ancient Materia Medica published by the People's Health Publishing House in 1957 photocopied, widely circulated.

Toxicity of Chinese medicine dosage

Name dosage precautions

Arsenic (red arsenic, white arsenic) * internal 0.002 ~ 0.004g, into the pills for external use in the appropriate amount, powdered scattered, adjusted to the compresses or into the paste in the Toxicity is large, it is advisable to be cautious; should not be used with mercury; weak and pregnant women should not be served

Banjiao internal, 0.03 ~ 0.06g, more shelling into the pills, and more than shelled into the pills, 0.03 to 0.06g. Appropriate amount for external use, powdered or soaked in wine vinegar, or made of ointment applied to the affected area, should not be used on a large area of the internal use of caution; pregnant women are prohibited

Sheng strychnine, internal use, 0.3-0.6g, after concocting into the pills and scattered Not suitable for raw use; should not be taken for a long time pregnant women are prohibited

Toad biscuits 0.015-0.03g, more into the pills and scattered. Appropriate amount for external use Caution for pregnant women

Common quality variation phenomenon in the storage of pCms and common dosage forms:

Dosage form factors Common dosage forms

Insect infestation Insect infestation is related to the nature of the raw material medicine and the contamination of raw material medicine in the production, transportation, and storage, and it will occur once it encounters a suitable climatic environment. Honey pills, water pills, powder, tea curd, etc.

Mold The common dosage forms susceptible to mold are honey pills, ointment, tablets, etc.

Acid rancidity The dosage forms susceptible to acid rancidity are composites, wine, decoctions and creams, syrups, ointments, etc.

Volatilization The volatilization of volatile oils or ethanol contained in proprietary Chinese medicines at high temperatures. Aromatic aqueous preparations, tinctures, etc.

Precipitation is a common deterioration phenomenon of liquid preparations. Liquid preparations of pCms are susceptible to precipitation under the influence of temperature and pH. Medicinal wines, oral liquids, injections, etc.

Traditional Conservation Techniques for Chinese Herbal Medicines and Chinese Medicinal Drinks

Methods Classification and Examples of Herbal Medicines

Dehumidification Conservation Ventilation Method

Humidity-absorbing and Moisture-Preventing Method

Container Sealing Conservation Method Container Sealing Storage Method

Hooded Tenting Sealing Storage Method

Storage Sealing Storage Method

< p>Low-temperature conservation method General moths in the ambient temperature of 8 ℃ - lO ℃ to stop activities, in -4 ℃ ~ -8 ℃ into hibernation, the temperature is lower than - 4 ℃ after a certain period of time, can make the pests die. The use of low-temperature (2 ℃ ~ lO ℃) storage tablets, you can effectively prevent baking, drying Chinese medicine should not be insect, mold, discoloration and other deterioration phenomena occur. Some of the valuable Chinese medicine is also more low-temperature maintenance.

High-temperature conservation method In general, the temperature is higher than 40 ℃, moths will stop developing, reproduction, when the humidity is higher than 50 ℃, moths will die in a short period of time. However, it must be noted that the temperature should not be more than 60℃ when the tablets containing volatile oil are baked, so as not to affect the quality of the tablets.

The confrontation storage method, also known as heterosexual confrontation insect repellent conservation, is the use of two or more than two kinds of drugs with the storage, mutual restraint to prevent insect infestation, mold conservation methods. Generally applicable to a small number of drugs, such as peony skin and diarrhea, yam with storage, saffron and cordyceps with storage. Can also be used with a special flavor of the material sealed with the storage, such as celandine oil, pepper, camphor, garlic, white wine and so on.