Introduction of Unified Chinese (8th grade) Textbook

Introduction of Chinese (8th grade) Textbooks Written by Subject Words

Shi Shaodian 2065438+June 29, 2008 Shijiazhuang

Shi Shaodian, a special-grade teacher of Hubei Academy of Educational Sciences, vice-chairman of middle school Chinese professional committee of China Education Association, chairman of middle school Chinese professional committee of Hubei Education Association, master tutor of Huazhong Normal University and Hubei University, expert of Chinese project in basic education quality monitoring center of Ministry of Education, People's Education Publishing House, expert of Chinese language training in unified Chinese textbooks (Grade 8), reading more keywords, reading better, reading whole books, quantity, attitude and content ability Wen Rumin: ". The most important thing is "reading is important". "the new textbook is specially not read." Change begins with reading! Chinese is a subject that guides reading to the end, gives students the right to read, gives the sound of reading back to the classroom, and helps children embark on the road to success. The most important thing is not what you did for him, but what you taught him to do for himself. Don't just teach children skills, but also teach them ways of thinking. Don't just teach them content, but also teach them the way of thinking. Don't just ask according to your child's own wishes, but also respect your child's thoughts … learn the way of thinking, not the skills of action. A wise man can understand two meanings from one word. Knowledge is a kind of "wealth" that can be taken away without being plundered. Your children are not your children, Ji Bolun. Your child is not your child. They are children born of life's desire for themselves. They came into this world with your help, not because of you. They are by your side, but they don't belong to you. What you can give them is your love, not your thoughts, because they have their own thoughts. You can shelter their bodies, but not their souls. Because their souls belong to tomorrow, which you can't reach in your dreams. You can try to become like them, but don't let them become like you, because life will not go backwards and stay in the past. You are a bow, and your children are the arrows you shoot. The archer looks at the goal of the future road, and he tries his best to pull you away, so that his arrow can shoot fast and far. With a happy mood, bend down in the archer's hand, because he loves the arrow that flies all the way and the extremely stable bow.

Discontinuous Text The so-called "discontinuous text" is a kind of reading material. Compared with the "continuous text" composed of sentences and paragraphs, it is mostly presented in the form of statistical charts and pictures. Hand-painted illustrations, calligraphy model words

Spoken language is a language, and written language is a word alone, which is a word when combined.

Speaker, my words are the same,

Writer, the beauty of words is also.

Not digressing, Yasbell's "Axis Age" is from 800 BC to 200 BC, especially from 600 BC to 300 BC. Great "spiritual teachers" have appeared in all civilizations. Ancient Greece: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, ancient India: Sakyamuni, Israel: Jewish Prophet, China: Confucius and Laozi, their ideological principles shaped the differences. Jaspers said: Socrates, Plato, Sakyamuni, Confucius and Laozi all established their own ideological systems, which together formed the spiritual foundation of human civilization. To this day, human beings are still clinging to this foundation. What is culture? Culture is a random face-to-face person, his gestures, his smile and his comprehensive quality. When he approached a tree, the branches hung low. Did it break the branch and throw it away, or did it bend over? A stray dog covered in poison approached him. Did he avoid it piteously or kick it in the past? When the elevator door opens, does he let people out modestly or bully people out? How did he pass by others? How did he bow his head to tie his shoelaces and how did he receive the change from the vegetable vendor? The style of China Narratology by Professor Andrew H. Plaks in the United States is: poetry directly describes the static nature of life, and rarely involves the process of time evolution; Drama: paying attention to life contradictions and conveying the essence of life through scene conflicts and role appeals (so-called stage "performance" or "incarnation"); Novel: It shows the essence of life through continuous experience. Convey life experience from the contents of different literary works; Suppose we take "thing", that is, the unit of life experience, as the starting point of calculation, then in these three postures; The novel has the largest constituent unit, the smallest poem and the middle drama. Talking about "A Guide to Journey to the West", The Journey to the West is nothing more than a funny novel and a fairy tale. He doesn't have any subtle ideas. He's a little cynical at best. This cynicism is also obvious; He doesn't avoid us, and he doesn't have to ask for it. Although Hu Shi's author is a Confucian scholar, this book is really a game, not a language. Therefore, the book only occasionally talks about the five elements, especially not learning Buddhism. Therefore, it has been popular for a long time since the end of the absurd classic period, so its works are also consistent with the old gentleman, and its authenticity is mixed with the original gods, so that believers of the three religions have to attach themselves to it as appropriate. Lu Xun The Journey to the West Nanjing Reading Class Do you like reading The Journey to the West? Is the novel the development of The Journey to the West's story written by Wu Cheng'en —— What should the Monkey King's snowball look like? Do you want to read the poems in classical novels? How to shoot The Journey to the West? How to read, guide, interest and manage Journey to the West? Only places with cultural tastes and spiritual aspirations can be called schools. Poetry is an infinite nostalgia for home, while philosophy is a constant pursuit of spiritual home. My language education is full of emotion, breadth, elegance and poetry ... Chinese is natural, pure, lively, natural and humanized ... Chinese is life-oriented, life-oriented and ecological ... Chinese is poetic, passionate and associative. It has a torrent of high mountains and flowing water, a plain talk, the silence of midnight and dawn, and sturm und drang's arrogance ... Chinese is inspirational, confrontational, perceptive, experienced, talked, sung lightly, cadenced, thrilling and reverberating ... Chinese is the home of independent thoughts and the residence of national spirit ... China people will always be China people. ...

Spider-web reading method GUI Youguang

It radiates from one point, from one article to many articles, and from one person to many people. These characters and articles are inextricably linked.

Brief comment on the overall design of teaching materials

How to open a new textbook

Step 1: Simple reading (including old and new)

Reading new texts: first as works, then as texts; Be a reader first, then a teacher.

Read old texts: review old texts and learn new ones.

Step 2: Introduce the reading unit and practice after class.

Introduction to reading unit: paying attention to teaching objectives and ability system

After-class exercises: paying attention to new teaching growth points (social drama six, two "four")

Step 3: Reading teaching reference.

Pay attention to things that seem to have nothing to do with teaching, and don't just stare at "instructional design" and "reference translation"

Teacher Yu Yi: Three concerns and two thoughts.

First, don't look at any reference books, materials and teaching references, and grasp the teaching materials as a whole according to your own understanding.

Second, extensively collect reference materials, see how famous teachers and education experts teach and analyze teaching materials, and think about three issues at the same time:

1. What problems come to mind in the resources? I thought of them, too

2. What problems come to mind in the reference? I didn't think of them. 3. What questions are not thought of in the reference materials? I did it.

Third, finish a parallel class, sum up experience, reflect on teaching and prepare for the next class.

Three cares: care for yourself, care for ideas and care for students. Two reflections: concept reflection and behavior reflection. I have three questions. What's the difference between reading and not reading? What is the difference between teaching and not teaching? You teach me. What is the difference?

The overall structure of the first grade and 8th grade textbooks

On the whole, the first volume of 8th grade textbooks and the seventh grade textbooks maintain the consistency of the overall structure, which are composed of six units and independent learning contents such as comprehensive study of famous books and reading guidance of famous books. Specifically, the structure of the first volume of 8th grade textbook is different from that of the seventh grade textbook, which mainly includes the following points:

1. Set up an activity and investigation unit.

2. Set two topics for oral communication

3. Start to set up special ancient poetry units.

4. In the "self-reading" text of the reading and writing unit of Modern Chinese, two "activity and inquiry" unit texts have been added, both of which are "self-reading" texts in principle.

Second, the content and design ideas of each unit This unit is the first activity inquiry unit in this set of teaching materials, and the unit content consists of two parts:

Part of it is the basic materials for students' autonomous learning, including texts, notes, edge evaluation, filling in the blanks, skill counseling, etc. The other part is the tasks to be completed by students in autonomous learning, as well as the requirements of various learning activities, including "activity task list" and task description. Students form study groups, relying on the unit content and under the guidance of teachers, independently carry out learning activities and complete learning tasks. The activity inquiry unit organizes the teaching content in a task-driven way, and outlines the tasks of the whole unit in the activity task list, which is convenient for students to grasp as a whole. Three tasks are arranged for each unit, and task descriptions are set for specific explanation. The learning tasks of this unit are news reading, news interview and news writing.

Teaching focus

Teaching focus

1. By reading reminiscence essays and biographies, we can understand the life experiences, personalities and thoughts of the characters in the text, learn from them and enrich their life wisdom.

2. Be able to master the basic characteristics of reminiscence prose, true biographical content, typical events and attention to detail description, and master basic reading methods.

3. Learn the methods of depicting characters in the text, such as grasping the typical characteristics of characters, describing them from multiple angles and levels, expressing them with typical examples, and paying attention to details. You can learn from it in your own writing.

4. Experience the diverse language styles of the works, and have your own understanding and appreciation of the wonderful words, sentences and paragraphs in the text.

In the ancient poems about "cold tree" in xxx book, the common "cold wood", "cold forest" and "cold branches" belong to "cold tree" and "cold wood", a kind of cold-resistant tree. "Selected Works" Jin Dynasty Lu Ji "Julian Fifty Articles" 50: "The wind and rain are fast, and the morning birds are not confused; The golden seal does not fade the heart of the cold wood. " Cold Forest is a forest in autumn and winter. Yu Xin of the Northern Zhou Dynasty said, "Warm seats, fan pillows, comfortable knees, frozen fish and cold bamboo shoots." Hank, a tree in winter. Tao Yuanming of Jin Dynasty said: "Carry a pot and hang a cold, and look back from afar." Also "Beginner": "(Winter) Mu Yue Han Mu, Han Ke." Generally speaking, pine and cypress are "cold wood", and trees that are cold-resistant and not withered are generally called "cold wood". Therefore, the "cold tree" is not a "cold tree", but a "cold-resistant tree that does not wither".

Feel the beauty of classical Chinese and understand the beauty of mountains and rivers.

Accumulate notional words and function words

Teaching emphasis 1. With the help of notes and reference books, cultivate students' overall ability to perceive poetry; Learn to accumulate real words and function words commonly used in classical Chinese. 2. On the basis of repeated reading and overall perception, carefully taste the beautiful artistic conception in poetry and understand the author's thoughts and feelings. 3. Learn how to write articles in different ways. 4. Cultivate students' feelings of loving the mountains and rivers of the motherland and cultivate noble aesthetic taste. Understand the types of prose, analyze the writing language and enrich the teaching focus of the spiritual world. 1. Perceive the content of the text, understand the emotions expressed in the article, and understand the author's feelings and thoughts on life. 2. Understand the characteristics of different types of prose and grasp the uniqueness of various types of prose in writing. 3. Read the text repeatedly, taste and appreciate different languages, and cultivate the ability to appreciate prose language. Grasp the characteristics of expository writing, understand the language of expository writing, understand the connotation of the article, and focus on teaching. 2. Understand the commonly used interpretation methods and learn to grasp the characteristics to explain things. 3. Experience the accuracy and thoroughness of descriptive language, and enhance the order and rigor of thinking. Feel the heart and wisdom, master various styles, accumulate vocabulary and famous sentences, and concentrate on teaching 1. With the help of notes and reference books, we can perceive the main idea of the text as a whole. 2. Read famous ancient poems of different genres and feel the wisdom and mind of the ancients from different angles. 3. Accumulate commonly used classical Chinese words and epigrams, and improve your reading ability in classical Chinese. Third, writing, oral communication, comprehensive study and reading guide writing of famous works I. The origin of stylistic writing Unit 1: Learn to write news (embedding activities) Unit 2: Learn to write biographies Unit 3: Learn to describe scenery (landscape prose) Unit 5: Explain things and grasp characteristics (expository writing) Unit 2: Continuation of general writing Unit 4: Coherence of language Unit 6: Proper expression and concentration in oral communication. The comprehensive study of retelling and retelling has a clear ideological and cognitive orientation and more professional content. Activities Enrich Traditional Culture Series: People Believe in China People's Life Series: Our China Comprehensive Activities Series in the Internet Age: Introduce the cultural heritage masterpieces around us. The reading unit of non-pure literary works echoes and cooperates with Red Star Shines on China: documentary works reading (echoing the second unit), insect stories: popular science works reading (echoing the fifth unit). Summary of the characteristics of textbooks in 8th grade 1. The teaching content of the textbook points to a more autonomous and active teaching method. 2. Emphasize stylistic awareness and grasp the basic characteristics of different styles. 3. After-class exercises and other supplementary teaching systems highlight research and development. 4. The content of teaching materials has three characteristics: from the text based on literature to the simple comparison of teaching contents with various texts. 1. The humanistic theme is all-encompassing and full of "poetry". 2. Reading methods focus on the basics and gradually "climb the slope". 3. Reading strategies are universal and gradually "profound". Three differences 1. The humanistic theme is slowly moving towards the reality of life and the essence of life. 2. Reading methods began to turn to majors, and the stylistic significance became stronger. 3. Reading strategies point to stylistic learning, with more emphasis on autonomy and depth. The content of writing teaching is simple, simple and comparative. The seventh textbook mainly guides students to complete the basic tasks of writing notes and expressing their feelings. The seven textbooks mainly guide students to improve the basic level of written expression in many ways. 8th grade textbooks continued basic training and began to emphasize stylistic training and objective writing. The teaching content of comprehensive learning is simply compared. In terms of activity content, 8th grade's three comprehensive learning activities are more social, contemporary and targeted. In the form of activities, the professionalism, complexity, openness and sustainability of comprehensive learning in 8th grade have been improved. A brief comparison of the teaching contents of the reading guidance of famous books. In the choice of articles, the six books given in 8th grade's textbook are not pure literary works, and many of them are not literary works. On the focus of reading guidance, 8th grade's textbooks pay special attention to guiding the reading methods of a certain kind of books, which echoes reading and writing. The People's Education Society, which Mr. Wen thought of in a speech, as the publishing unit of the unified textbook, provided supporting resources such as "reading famous books" for the core idea of the textbook. What is its significance? First, only when the reading of famous books is included in the "rating" content of Chinese curriculum can it have a relatively stable position and have the nature of "Chinese curriculum". This so-called "course". Second, the teaching of reading famous books cannot become a "process". Publish before reading, collect forms after reading, and even specify what to read every day for a week. This so-called "de-programming". Thirdly, the teaching of reading famous books needs macro-control, essential guidance, meticulous attention and rich resources, and these supporting books are all tried to provide. Guidance is the decisive factor after the appropriate bibliography is determined. 1. The differences between different textbooks are not only reflected in the differences in specific contents, but also in the changes in themes, tasks and requirements. 2. Themes, tasks and demands all show signs of change. Grasping the laws and key points of these changes is helpful to teaching design. 3. Grasping the characteristics of teaching materials and "differences" will help to determine the growth point and breakthrough point of teaching innovation and teaching research.

Several pairs of keywords in 8th grade's first textbook

1. Actually, there is no distinction between "below" and "above". This is a new set of teaching materials, not a revision of the previous edition.

2. Many texts have been proved to be suitable for use as texts in long-term practice, but it does not mean that all the textbooks can be included.

3. Pay attention to the value and directionality of some "a little unfamiliar" words.

Abandon vanity, simply: remember your mother.

Eliminating femininity leads to masculinity: praise poplar, wealth can't be lewd

Flattery is integrity: the willow of Zhou Yafu's army

Understanding the Changes of the Times: A Comprehensive Study of "Our Internet Age"

Thinking about life: two papers

1.8 grade students began to "walk by themselves" and were not satisfied with "following"; Cooperative learning and comprehensive learning ability have been improved.

2. Chinese teaching in 8th grade should change from general ability and general method in grade seven to specialized ability and targeted method.

3. Textbooks must conform to the changing laws of students and disciplines, which is more conducive to cultivating students' Chinese literacy.

1. Autonomous reading is the spirit of curriculum standards and the consistent concept of this set of textbooks.

2. The requirement of "autonomy" in 8th grade textbooks has been improved.

First, the proportion of self-reading texts has increased. Each modern writing unit has two self-reading texts (one for grade seven), while the China classical poetry unit also has self-reading texts, and the texts of the activity inquiry unit are all designed as self-reading texts.

Second, one of the two modern self-reading texts has no marginal notes, only reading tips, and students need to rely on their own strength to read.

Third, the number of articles recommended for reading in after-class exercises and reading tips has increased (there are also articles recommended for reading in classical Chinese), and the types are more abundant.

3. The "activity" in 8th grade's textbooks is by no means limited to the activity inquiry unit.

1. The stylistic clues are particularly clear, and the stylistic scope is expanded. News, reminiscence prose and biography, classical Chinese landscape prose, regular poetry, prose, exposition, classical Chinese in various styles, ancient poetry in various styles. There are many non-literary styles.

2. The style arrangement is meticulous and concentrated, which is convenient for comparative reading.

3. Grasp the characteristics of different writing styles and languages to design.

1. The knowledge presented in the textbook has gone far beyond the general knowledge of language, grammar and Chinese teaching, and provided a lot of important knowledge in the fields of literature and culture.

2. Not only provide fixed and static knowledge, but also provide strategic knowledge and process knowledge to provide clues and paths for students to build their own knowledge. (Focus on the activity inquiry unit) Knowledge capacity increases.

3. Presenting more knowledge, of course, has the significance of accumulation, but more is to provide students with grasping hands and clues to help students think about problems and guide them to think deeper.

Use knowledge to deepen students' thinking and learn knowledge in the process of thinking.

Three important contents in the first volume of 8th grade's textbook: activity exploration unit; Oral communication topics; China's classical poetry unit.

Active query unit

1. is different from the traditional text-centered organization.

2. Take activities and tasks as the axis, reading as the basis and inquiry as the core.

3. Integrate reading, writing, oral communication, data collection, activity planning, field trips and other projects to form a learning system with interactive reading and writing, integration of listening and speaking, and in-class and out-of-class.

The task list summarizes the global activities and explains the specific content of each task. Texts provide the basic content of learning, without exercises, provide basic knowledge, prompt understanding difficulties, fill in the blanks, provide basic knowledge and skills related to style, and provide students with double protection of reading and writing. Emphasize support, especially guiding writing.

Reading is the foundation. 2. Activities are special. 3. Integration is the direction. 4. Practice is the spirit. 5. Autonomy is the essence.

1. Chinese subjects should actively explore the Chinese curriculum standard for compulsory education (version 20 1 1): "Chinese curriculum is a comprehensive and practical course for learning the use of language and characters."

2. Chinese teaching reform needs activity exploration.

Alleviate the contradiction that teachers intellectually agree with the idea of "let students learn Chinese in Chinese practice", but lack corresponding teaching content and large teaching space in practice.

3. The learning content itself is suitable for activity inquiry.

Ignoring the "activity" of learning content, traditional teaching methods are still adopted, mainly static understanding and appreciation of relevant texts, and it is difficult to really teach these contents in place.

4. The first-line teaching has been doing activity exploration.

The arrangement of unit activity flow and the design of specific activity content have absorbed the teaching experience of many front-line teachers and condensed their teaching wisdom.

1. The activity of comprehensive Chinese learning is complicated; The activity of the active query unit is relatively simple.

2. Chinese comprehensive learning emphasizes interdisciplinary barriers; The activity query unit is mainly an activity within the discipline.

In a sense, "activity" and "inquiry" in the activity inquiry unit are the extension and development of classroom activities and inquiry teaching in traditional Chinese teaching.

They are complementary to "teaching" and "acquisition" rather than contradictory.

1. Students' learning: reading, learning, practice, writing and expression, multi-independent acquisition and construction of knowledge, multi-independent reading and learning of texts, multi-independent division of labor and cooperation, activities, multi-independent evaluation, improvement and improvement.

2. Teachers' teaching: activity planning-centralized guidance-process tracking, less indoctrination of basic knowledge and conclusions, less reading of texts regardless of style, less attention to learning results and less discriminatory and hierarchical evaluation.

1. How to deal with the "teaching" and "process" of unit content?

Textbook: not only should we provide the teaching content, but also clarify the learning methods, activity flow, task conception and specific requirements hidden behind the teaching content.

Teachers: study the learning content deeply, enrich and update their own subject knowledge and teaching knowledge. In particular, it is necessary to strengthen the ability to predict and preset the learning process and constantly generate teaching wisdom.

2. How to deal with the "linkage" and "blocking" of the unit?

Textbook: The unit has basically the same "three-stage" content section, which is not only a framework for students' autonomous learning, but also a demonstration guide.

Teacher: We should pay special attention to the teaching characteristics of each link, and pay more attention to the turning point and connection between links, especially the connection between relatively static reading links and relatively dynamic links. Don't "scatter" unit teaching.

3. How to teach reading without any exercises and tips?

Teaching materials: First, reading the text is generally difficult, and students can basically understand the meaning of the text by using the next batch of tips;

Second, there are no exercises and tips. It embodies the intention of correcting the teaching mistakes of "analyzing articles in detail and giving lectures in detail" Teacher: According to the teaching materials, correct the direction and focus of reading teaching and let students read by themselves. Supplement fresh and localized reading resources, read more and see more, broaden students' horizons and enhance the atmosphere of the times.

4. How to arrange and help students to carry out group activities?

Teaching material: Activity inquiry unit pays attention to students' autonomous learning, and teachers no longer directly control and lead the process of unit learning. However, this does not mean that teachers let themselves go and students teach themselves.

Teachers: We should adhere to the grouping principle of "heterogeneity within groups and homogeneity among groups" and achieve "fixed division of labor and independent personnel" within groups. In some important links of students' learning (such as the overall planning of collective activities) and difficulties that students can't break through alone, teachers should still actively guide them to ensure that students can carry out autonomous learning smoothly.

5. How to carry out the theme of activity inquiry in the whole teaching process?

Textbook: Activity inquiry is not contradictory to traditional teaching, but it is the core and main line, and it is also the direction for students to change their learning methods.

Teachers: Teachers should avoid turning centralized guidance into simple knowledge explanation and answer announcement, and should not simply instill the description of tasks and the requirements for student activities into students. Instead, they should conduct classroom teaching in a flexible and exploratory way and be the demonstrator and guide of students' learning style.

1. Don't worry, let go and don't "herd sheep".

2. Learn first, try first, and "step on the spot" first.

3. Interest, ability, and "* * * win".

4. Values and attitudes should be "balanced".

1. The evaluation process is embedded in the activity process, highlighting the implicit evaluation.

2. Pay attention to the evaluation of basic knowledge and skills, not seeking perfection.

3. Pay attention to process evaluation and organize evaluation in different stages for many times.

4. The evaluation subjects and standards are diversified, and the evaluation focus should not be screening.

Oral communication topic

1. Oral communication ability is an important ability that modern people should have.

2. Listening, speaking, reading and writing should develop in a balanced way, and neither side should neglect the other.

3. Oral communication training is very beneficial to cultivate students' thinking ability.

We must combine the usual scattered training with the concentrated special training.

1. We should consider the characteristics of communication occasions and communication objects. 2. Consider the input, conversion and output of content. 3. Consider the transformation of style, characters and time and space. 4. Consider the appropriateness of pronunciation, speech speed and intonation. 1. Teachers are teachers, and students who are good at telling stories are also teachers. 2. Storytellers telling stories and announcers telling stories are all resources. Documentaries and feature films can be used as teaching resources. 4. Recording audio and video by yourself, engaging in self-media and presenting in a variety of ways.

Three tasks, each with its own emphasis.

China's Classical Poetry and Prose Unit

1. China's classical poetry should be taught as poetry instead of China's classical literature.

2. It is important to deepen understanding through reading and form a sense of language.

3. Classical Chinese teaching should break through the narrow understanding of knowledge content.

We should make good use of the differences between classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese, and between ancient people and modern people.

A page has as much knowledge as it has ability.

A few words from the heart

1. Absolutely do your best and never be perfect.

2. The growth of teaching materials will never happen overnight.

3. Learn from teachers and experts.

4. Textbooks are the result of the whole language field.