The influence of traditional culture on the effectiveness of the operation of the tax system

There's not much to understand, I'll just say it and you watch and play.

1, Traditional society is an agricultural society, different from modern industrial based society. The way they taxed, the purpose, and the application of the tax, etc. were all different. But there are some basic theories to learn from.

2, let's talk about the differences, first of all, the different purposes, the traditional society's tax, its main purpose is to support the ruling class, including the emperor, officials, the army, etc., to ensure that the ruling class of the right to rule, and the second is to maintain the stability of agricultural production, in addition to the maintenance of the public **** affairs, such as disaster relief, water control, etc.. Taxation in modern society is the redistribution of social wealth, and its function is mainly to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor, and to maintain public **** affairs, etc., which is fundamentally different.

3, different means. China's thousands of years of agricultural society, the way of taxation is mainly in kind tax, currency tax about the Ming and Qing dynasties began to gradually develop, but not for the convenience of commercial circulation, but for the convenience of tax collection itself. Modern taxation, on the other hand, is basically a monetary tax, and the tax in kind has been withdrawn from the stage of history.

4, the use of different, traditional society most of the time is a centralized society, the tax used for what purpose, the people have no right to participate in, depending on the ruler's will. In terms of major expenditures, there are only a few, the living security of the ruling class, such as the salaries of officials, etc., the army's military expenditures, public **** affairs, such as disaster relief, construction of water conservancy, etc. The ruler has complete control. The ruler has complete control, he can either use it for the benefit of the people, but also can be extravagant, how to use, in a thought. The use of taxes in modern society, there is a complete set of perfect system and institutional guarantee, which limits the user's right to dominate, so that the tax in an open and transparent system under the use of the right to constraints, subject to the supervision of the citizens.

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5, and then say what can be learned.

Traditional culture, for taxes, on the whole, is to advocate light taxes, the hundred schools of thought, thinkers of all times, politicians mostly advocate reducing taxes. For example, Lao Zi said, "People's lives are miserable because they are taxed too much", and Confucius and Mencius said, "Righteousness and Profit", basically, there are discussions in this regard. This is due to the foundation of agricultural society, and its purpose is to maintain the stability of agricultural production, and then maintain the stability of the whole society, because agricultural instability means that the foundation of the country is unstable.

Specifically, those related to agricultural production are, by and large, to be light, such as agricultural taxes, such as military service, etc., which is nothing more than to allow more people to engage in agricultural production, so that the farmers can ensure their survival and so on.

What affects the agricultural production, the tax is heavier, such as business, agricultural society because of the dependence on the land, the scarcity of the population itself, etc., do not want people to engage in commercial activities, first of all, business itself does not produce wealth, but only to concentrate the wealth, and secondly, engaged in business, it is impossible to engage in agriculture, which means that fewer people planting the land. Therefore, historically, agriculture has been emphasized over commerce, and merchants pay much heavier taxes than farmers. Another example is the wine industry, brewing requires food, ancient society was originally low productivity, not enough food is the norm, and brewing requires a large amount of food, so, for the wine industry, there is often a heavy tax policy, or the state franchise, or even simply outlawed or banned alcohol.

In addition, and the national livelihood of the relevant, typical, such as salt, iron, etc., because it is everyone needs, but also an important means of production, so traditionally has been the state to pay attention to. In order to prevent businessmen from taking advantage of this, affecting the country's economy and people's livelihood, or taxed heavily, or simply on the national franchise, do not allow private business.

Overall: the country's basic industries, involving a wider range of hard and thin profits, with light taxes. On the other hand, if the profit is heavy but the labor is light, if it affects the basic industries, and if it is easy to concentrate the wealth, use heavy tax. This is the general idea of taxation in traditional society. This point should have some significance today.

In addition. It should be noted that the traditional society is an agrarian society is also a hierarchical society, its tax system is essentially different from today's, certain universally applicable, learn from can be copied without having to, but also impossible. Overall, they are two different systems, so there is not much to learn from, much less copy.

Said a little bit of their own blind thought, said the wrong, you as look at the fun.