The Evolution and Achievements of Ceramic Craft in China Art History

China is the hometown of ceramics, with a long and glorious ceramic history. China ceramics has long influenced the development of the world ceramic art, however, due to historical reasons, the ceramic art in China has fallen behind.

China's ceramics lag behind the West, which is closely related to the comprehensive quality of ceramic art designers. China ceramics to create more brilliant, I think every designer, must do the following:

First, master multi-disciplinary knowledge and establish people-oriented thinking.

A scholar once said that design should be people-oriented. She is not for the product, nor for the money. She just wants to meet people's needs.

In essence, ceramic design serves production and life. Ceramic art design is different from pure artistic creation, which can reflect the artistic views and feelings of the creator from his subjective feelings without any constraints. In most cases, the process and result of ceramic design are bound to be restricted by market demand, producer's decision-making, technical conditions, production costs, consumer preferences, public aesthetic standards and other design preconditions. On this basis, the designer's design concept, style and other personal factors can be reflected. Under the socialist market economy system, the law of commodity production has a profound impact on the development of design art. An accomplished ceramic designer must pay attention to market demand and master the basic knowledge of economics and marketing in order to have the ability to adapt to modern science and technology, modern culture, modern lifestyle and modern aesthetic concepts. Design exquisite products that meet the market demand.

Second, fully understand the aesthetic characteristics of ceramic decoration

Ceramics are different from other appreciation arts and arts and crafts in terms of aesthetic feeling of materials, decorative patterns and decorative themes.

As white as jade, as bright as a mirror, as thin as paper and as loud as a chime, it is an aesthetic interpretation of the aesthetic feeling brought by ceramic materials. In ceramic decoration art, colored glaze decoration is a wonderful style in ceramic decoration art, which uses various materials to achieve preset color effect and texture effect through preset firing atmosphere and firing temperature. Glazes with different colors have different characteristics. Ceramics act on materials through fire, and the decorative properties of materials are reflected through their texture and visual effects, which are materialized into various forms and aesthetic qualities. Completely different from the artificial graphic beauty on the surface of the object.

The decorative pattern of ceramics is another decorative form, which can be roughly divided into two categories: over-glaze color and under-glaze color. Overglaze colors include pastels, new colors, antique colors and enamel colors. The underglaze decoration includes blue and white, underglaze red, underglaze multicolor, exquisite blue and white, shadow carving and so on. Their respective drawing techniques and firing processes are very complicated and have different characteristics. For example, antique is a more traditional decorative method, which has a strong decorative effect in color and pattern organization, rich and bright colors, rich pattern flavor and folk flavor; Pastel is elegant and soft, and the color is more stylized; The new colors are painted directly with pigments, and you can do whatever you want; Shadow green carving is to carve patterns on the blank with a knife, coat it with shadow green glaze, and fire it at one time at high temperature ... Only when ceramic designers master various decorative techniques can they use these decorative forms freely and comprehensively. In this way, the designers of arts and crafts ceramics have a broader expression space, a freer expression language and a more connotative aesthetic feeling. Due to the limitation of function and consumer market, ceramic art needs to be fully considered in subject matter and cannot be arbitrary. It should be positive, healthy, beautiful, auspicious and meaningful. Only in this way can the works make people feel happy and cultivate their sentiments.

In a sense, ceramic designers only have a full understanding of the aesthetic characteristics of ceramic decoration, and at the same time give life to ceramics through complex ceramic art design practice. Only in this way can ceramic artists and ceramics reach the realm of "harmony between man and nature".

Third, the accumulation of traditional cultural elements in China.

China's calligraphy has a long history, which has gone through many stages and has a unique visual charm. Since Qin and Han Dynasties, there have been various schools and styles of calligraphy in China, including seal script, official script, cursive script, running script and regular script. At the same time, the performance of a wide range of subjects, self-contained, extraordinary status. The cultural factors contained in it are unique in the long history of thousands of years. Its spiritual orientation stems from the artist's life perception of nature and is an important part of human spiritual and cultural life.

From Oracle Bone Inscriptions in primitive society to the appearance of running script, the internal expression of calligraphy art gradually prospered. In the calligrapher's pen, it reveals the artist's thinking about life and his unique aesthetic view of the changes of rivers and universes. Its form of expression is an ever-changing combination of abstract pen and ink with dry, wet, thick and light ink colors, which expresses a deep aesthetic mood, shows a grand oriental aesthetic interest and has a broad and rich cultural aesthetic accumulation. In the form of a carrier. The ever-changing combination of linear elements of pen and ink is the main body. In the deconstruction of selfless pen and ink, the expression of pen and ink is full of tension, emphasizing the aesthetic expression of pen and ink. It shows the aesthetic taste of space and conveys an ethereal and quiet associative space to people. The original pen and ink lines, highly summarized by calligraphers, are the artist's understanding of life itself and convey a far-reaching realm. The unique charm of calligraphy makes modern people feel the infinite inspiration contained in traditional Chinese characters while enjoying the wisdom of the ancients. So as to provide a continuous source of design for modern craft ceramics.

The origin of human art is closely related to the original decoration. In terms of artistic conception, the traditional plastic arts in ancient China pursued the realm of "looking at the sound but not listening", "elephant invisible" and "clumsy", and paid attention to the expression of materials, which was often just right. Simple and energetic Neolithic painted pottery patterns; Dignified and mysterious bronze decorative patterns of Shang and Zhou dynasties: profound and grand Han portrait bricks, four gods tiles, elegant embroidery patterns; Religious stone carvings and flying patterns in the Southern and Northern Dynasties; Full, rich and luxurious Tang dynasty treasure flowers and vibrant grass patterns; Decorative floral patterns; Literati-style porcelain patterns in Song Dynasty; Folk paper-cutting, embroidery and plain blue printed cloth with profound meaning; Guizhou batik with vivid, general and simple modeling; Naive mud toys; Woodcut, New Year pictures, etc. There are auspicious contents and dramatic stories. These traditional design elements with strong national characteristics and regional cultural characteristics can be summarized, selected and exaggerated in the artistic design of arts and crafts ceramics by using ceramic decoration techniques with creative subject consciousness and market demand, so as to obtain new images and artistic conception.

Music is an art with sound as its means of expression. Different from art design, it acts on the senses through vision, but directly on the mind through hearing, and evokes people's association with certain life scenes through expressing emotions. As a visual art, art design and music of auditory art seem to have no connection on the surface. However, art and music have similarities in rhythm and artistic conception. For example, through the festival of piano and rhythm, "Two Springs Reflect the Moon" embodies a sad artistic conception, The Yellow River Cantata embodies a magnificent spirit, and "Rain Beats Banana" embodies a warm jumping atmosphere. Ceramic art designers can get inspiration from music. Literature and ceramic art are also closely related. Many ceramic art works, such as Greek bottle ornaments, are often created according to the themes and plots provided by the original documents. Poetry and ceramic art are more intrinsically related. What they have in common is that they both pursue the creation of artistic conception to express the author's feelings and stimulate the audience's imagination and association. ...

Fourth, the sense of innovation

Natural science and humanities, professional technology, cultural and artistic accomplishment, market awareness and other diversified basic knowledge structures are all indispensable factors in modern ceramic art design. And innovative thinking is the key to design. China's splendid ceramic history of several thousand years was once the burden of ceramic art designers. Art design is a vast world of creativity, but without the injection of fresh blood and indulging in traditional infancy, ceramic design products will stagnate and lose their vitality. Nowadays, it is difficult to find China's ceramics on the shelves of the world's top ceramics. The biggest reason is that our ceramic designers' innovative consciousness lags far behind that of the west, not our lack of technology.