Who started the Boxer Rebellion? What was the result?

October 1898 (Guangxu 24 September), Shandong Guanxian Boxer Yan Shuqin, led by the joint Wei County, Zhili Zhao Sanduo, etc., gathered to burn down the Church of the Red Peach Orchard, occupation of Plough Garden Tun, shaking the adjoining areas of the two provinces of Lu, Zhili, and became a signal of the rise of the Boxer anti-imperialist struggle. In October of the following year, Zhu Hongdeng, Benming monk, led by the Boxer in plains county kongzilizhuang, senluodian, etc., and local battalion fighting, promote the rapid development of Shandong many states and counties of anti-invasion struggle. in December, zaoqiang county of southern dzhili, led by wang Qingyi Boxer to carry out anti-church struggles; ji zhou kaiyuan temple wu xiu and monks also led the crowd burned down the jing zhou suguzhuang church and other places. Shandong, Zhili two provinces adjacent to the region of the anti-Christian struggle in a row.

Shandong Boxer anti-church struggle, the local missionaries asked the Qing government to crack down. Shandong governor Zhang Rumei suggested that the Qing government to change the Boxers for the regiment, in order to control, and renamed the Boxers as the Boxers; Yuxian succeeded the governor of Shandong, attempted to disintegrate the division of the Boxers, to take the "good and bad" approach to the general public to participate in the Boxers known as the good people, acquiescence to them set up factories to practise boxing, and armed resistance is vilified as a The armed rebels were stigmatized as "bandits" and were arrested and punished. Zhang Rumei, Yuxian's plan did not achieve the desired purpose, but is conducive to the development of Boxer. Shandong all over the Dagger Club, Red Fist Club and other secret societies and the general public have to participate in the Boxer Rebellion, making it a broad mass of "foreign" groups.

The main participants of the Boxer Rebellion are the toiling masses at the bottom of society, poverty and ignorance make their resistance struggle can only be followed in the past by the use of secret associations of peasant uprisings, the establishment of altars to develop the organization, practice boxing, to attract the masses. Boxers divided into Qian, Kan, Burgundy, Zhen, Xun, Li, Kun, Tui and other eight doors. Among them, Qian font (marked by yellow cloth) and Kan font (marked by red cloth) has the greatest power (some places appear "in" font). However, there was no unified organization and centralized leadership above each name or in each name itself. The grass-roots organization of the Boxer Rebellion is the altar, also known as the altar field or boxing factory, which is a place for worshiping the gods, practicing boxing, meeting and deliberating. In some places, there is a general altar above several or more altars, and there is no unifying relationship among them. The leaders of the Boxer Rebellion are generally called the Big Brother, the Second Brother and the Third Brother, and there are also those who are called the Chief Big Brother and the Ancestor. Each altar mouth often carry out their own decentralized struggle, but when the need for joint action, even hundreds of miles away, but also sent people to meet, the vast majority of participants in the Boxer Rebellion is the farmers, followed by handicraftsmen, the old transport workers, monks and Taoist priests, the army, there are a small number of feudal intellectuals, small and medium-sized landowners and officials, and the gangsters, hooligans involved. Boxer Rebellion with a strong mysticism, with the drawing of charms and incantations, inviting the gods possessed by "magic" to mobilize the masses, widely publicized "holding charms and incantations, the gods possessed by" to inspire the fighting spirit. In addition to Buddha and Taoism, the gods they believed in were also gods and monsters and characters in novels, operas and folk tales. The Boxers distributed all kinds of leaflets and posters in the form of simple language and songs to propagandize the expulsion of the invaders and the defense of the country. At the same time, these leaflets and posters also contained superstitious backwardness and blind xenophobia.

As early as 1898, when the anti-church struggle began, the Boxer Rebellion put forward the slogan of "supporting the Qing Dynasty and destroying the foreigners". This slogan had attracted the masses to participate in the early stage, and strengthened the momentum of the Boxer Rebellion, but at the same time, it also reflected the Boxer Rebellion's ambiguous understanding of the Qing government, and later by the ruler's deception and use, and finally betrayed.