How should ancient buildings be well protected against earthquakes?

First of all, if it is a building that has not yet suffered an earthquake, it is generally not touched. Of course there are exceptions, like some Japanese mortise and tenon wooden structures, every few years like dismantling blocks, all the components are numbered, disassembled, and then re-erected next to the original site, all kinds of monitoring. This practice is not only for seismic protection, but also to keep the whole structure in a more ideal condition, so that any misalignment, crooked flash, or damage to the members can be detected and repaired at the first time. Of course this practice is also more controversial. Of course, it's possible that the islanders didn't do it purely from an architectural perspective, as @ShenRabbit mentioned in the comments, but also out of faith, traditional craftsmanship and other considerations.

Now there are some colleges and institutions to study the seismic resistance of ancient buildings, will be in some of the seismic zone in the ancient building for some calculations and predictions, such as doing 1:1 or smaller models, put on the seismic simulation, to see if the building will not appear after the earthquake serious damage, that if there is serious damage, it may be more recommended to carry out some pre-strengthening or intervention, of course, for the ancient buildings, generally countries are still relatively strong. The ancient building, generally countries are still more conservative, can not move as much as possible not to move.

If the building has suffered an earthquake, it is necessary to look at the degree of damage to design a protection program. First of all, the wooden structure:

General wooden structure because of its flexible material and mortise and tenon joints, especially the arch reasonable force transfer method, so it is not easy to appear all broken into crumbs of the situation, such as the above mentioned by many friends, "the wall down the house is not collapsed". In this case:

1. If the overall wooden structure and not too much crooked flash and damage, then the roof structure is not a big problem, no need to repair or slightly corrected can be; wall as a partition, on the damage, such as the degree of brick breakage, etc., local replacement or reinforcement; roof need to focus on looking at the tiles may fall apart, the roof lines may also have an impact, and if it results in Leakage of rain, if the ancient building is generally decay is the cause of water.

2. If the overall wooden structure is basically ok, but some key parts such as the arch above a serious fracture or crack, then we should consider replacing this component, or now there is a way to crack in the original component into a flexible similar memory metal connectors, this material should have quite a lot of colleges and universities and scientific research in the development of the department. Glue and cement are not recommended, the least of which is to drive nails.

3. If the entire roof frame has a crooked flash or damage, but did not fall, then I think it is best to drop the frame overhaul la, like the island people like building blocks. But our country is generally more conservative.

4. If the entire roof frame is down (meow ah this has to be how serious earthquake), then, do not have to manually fall frame. The earthquake has already dropped the frame for you, just overhaul it.

Talking about the stone structure: in fact, this understanding is not much, a certain time to listen to Stanford or where a visiting professor's lectures, he is specializing in the study of stone structure seismic protection. But his research object of the ancient city ruins, rather than those churches in Europe, and so on. The general reinforcement of the way is to use hemp rope woven into a net, loaded with stone (hemp rope to increase friction, stone to increase the weight), there are some mixed with straw and straw and other soil (a bit like our country paper ash that means), the basic principle is to increase the weight, friction and adhesion, the ancient ruins of the more solid bia on the ground. In fact, this is also inseparable from the simulation of the seismic platform. Some other buildings in Europe, in fact, the volume is so large, or quite difficult to earthquake damage. There are some cracks, but it seems that there is no great chance of collapse, Europeans are more patient la, will be in the cracks on the card a transparent ruler, and then long-term observation of its cracks have not become larger and at what rate in the larger, general change is not too fast, or feel that the cracks of the larger does not affect the overall structure of the will not go to repair it.