China's current situation of agriculture and the direction of future development

Chinese agriculture is still basically good, the annual grain output of the world's first, in the irrigated area, fertilizer per unit area and other indicators are still the international leader.

China's national conditions is too much population, arable land area protection is the first problem, many places in order to develop the economy of arable land into industrial land, this must be curbed. The 1.8 billion mu red line may not be very scientific, but it is also the country's determination to protect agricultural land.

China's agricultural science and technology is still quite advanced, with good basic strength in irrigation, fertilizers and pesticides, and seed selection and breeding. But now, with the indiscriminate use of fertilizers and pesticides, much of the land is losing fertility and the soil is becoming compacted. Many of the water systems were built 30 years ago and many are in disrepair. The potential of many seeds has reached its limit according to the current level of technology, making it difficult to have a breakthrough in yield.

With the improvement of the national economic level, we are more and more concerned about the health and ecological agriculture, China's future agriculture may be more towards the organic ecological direction. Secondly, with the promotion of the concept of Internet +, agricultural products from production to sales from mechanization to information technology.

I. Problems facing Chinese agriculture

First, from the point of view of the business model of agriculture

China's current most of the places are still intensive cultivation of small farmers business model, especially in some underdeveloped areas. This is a policy that was formulated in China in the last century and has been extended to the present day. Undeniably, this policy has played a great role in promoting the development of agriculture for a long period of time after it was formulated. But with the deep development of the market economy, especially after China's accession to the WTO, this model because of its lack of flexibility and inefficiency has become increasingly unable to adapt to the fierce competition in the market, the operation of the difficulties.

The market economy is characterized by the influence of the law of value on prices. This requires the agricultural business strategy to consider the overall situation, to develop a reasonable production structure, and according to changes in the market and timely changes in the variety and quantity of production, to withstand the ups and downs of the market. In contrast, operators in the smallholder economy business model often focus only on immediate benefits, deciding what to produce based on the current market conditions, and the products are very homogeneous and structurally very irrational. This may be in the short term gains will be more obvious, but because of the blind mass production, the product market quickly saturated, the price fell rapidly, harvesting not a good return after the operators can only re-invested a lot of money to operate a new market on the current popular products, and once again embarked on the chase - & gt; lost - & gt; the strange circle of the transfer of camps (the small farm economy business model, the operators often only focus on the immediate interests of the current market to decide what to produce, and the product is very single, the structure is very unreasonable. The strange circle of transfer (in fact, the transfer of the camp may not be able to obtain good returns, because the agricultural production cycle is usually longer, until after the transfer of the product output is when that may be a completely different market). This seriously affects the competitiveness of the country's agriculture in the market, and in the long run, it also affects the incentives of producers. This year, the emergence of Guangdong's lychee harvest but to sell cheaply, a large number of winter melon stagnation, the phenomenon of increased production without increasing income is largely due to this reason.

Secondly, from the production process

China's current most of the agricultural production is still stuck in the rough low-level stage, science and technology investment is very limited, resulting in China's agriculture is facing the following embarrassing situation.

First of all, the yield of agricultural products is unstable, and operators depend on the weather. The yield of agricultural products is greatly affected by the weather and climate, and the current operator's technology is not enough to avoid the harm so as to achieve a stable yield, it is often the wind and rain is a good year yield, the income is relatively high, otherwise. The above mentioned: the big year when all operators have a bumper harvest, but supply exceeds demand, the price does not go up. Small year when the harvest is not good, so the operators work hard all year down, after removing a lot of fertilizer, pesticides and other inputs, the money that can end up in the pockets of the operators will not be much.

Secondly, low productivity, poor product quality and weak market competitiveness. Many parts of China's current agricultural production mechanization, automation is still very low, especially in some areas of the western region that is even more so, the productivity of natural and those developed agricultural countries is difficult to compare. The problem brought about by low productivity is that it is difficult to form economies of scale. Also, due to rough production techniques, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, the excessive use of our agricultural products in the quality of the quality can not be guaranteed, from the agricultural products of pesticides exceeded the frequency of reports can be seen. Under the premise of market economy, the product cost-effective to a large extent determines how much of the market share of the product. According to the survey: China's fruit quality fruit only accounted for about 40% of the total output, can reach the standard of gift fruit products only accounted for about 5% of the total output, a large number of lower and medium fruit, especially the appearance of the worse. Also according to the survey: the average CIF price of imported apples is about 3.90 yuan / kg, citrus for 4.00 yuan / kg, bananas for 1.90 yuan / kg, with similar fruit wholesale price level in China is comparable to the overall quality of the overall quality of the obviously higher. The price is almost the same, the quality is not as good as others, in order to survive our products must be sold at a lower price. In fact, the current market retail price of imported fruits is similar to domestic fruits two times or even higher.

Lastly, there is the technical problem of storage and preservation of agricultural products. This affects the development of the market for our products, and it is difficult to make new breakthroughs in sales.

Finally, from the marketing strategy

Traditional agricultural producers tend to focus only on a large number of blind production, but not involved in the completion of the production of the sales problem, resulting in production and marketing disconnect. This producers will not be able to grasp the market information in a timely manner, according to subtle changes in the market to develop appropriate marketing strategies. Sometimes the product stagnation is not because of the imbalance between supply and demand, but the problem of marketing strategy.

Traditional operators ignore the brand image is to establish. A good brand image is a huge intangible asset, is a good guarantee of sales. However, the agricultural market is still difficult to find very popular in the minds of consumers have a certain position in the local agricultural brand, even if there is, it is likely to appear in the product production process did not put a good quality, which led to a decline in brand image, their own smashed their own signboard situation.

Another problem is that most of China's agricultural products are traded on the market as primary products, with no focus on the value of the products to be further explored - the lack of deep processing of the products. The deep processing of the product can not only enhance the added value of the product itself, but also increase the diversity of products, broaden the market, improve the competitiveness of the market and adaptability.