The origin and difference between the lunar and solar calendars?

I. The origin of the lunar and solar calendars

1. Lunar calendar: The lunar calendar is also called the summer calendar. China's first dynasty, the Xia dynasty is to build the month of Yin for the first month, it was followed by the Shang, Zhou, Qin, the Western Han Dynasty, respectively, in advance, until Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty promulgated the "Tai Chu Calendar", and restore the original sequence of the Xia dynasty calendar, and the subsequent dynasties also basically follow the sequence of the month, so after the Xinhai Revolution, China's traditional calendar for the "Summer Calendar".

2, solar calendar: the earliest source of solar calendar can be traced back to the ancient Egyptian solar calendar. Ancient Egyptians found that the Nile River began to flood 50 or 60 days after the day Sirius first rose with the sun, so they took this day as the first day of the year. The ancient Egyptians initially made the year 360 days, but later changed it to 365 days, the earliest solar calendar.

Two, the difference between the lunar calendar and the solar calendar

1, the time is different

(1) Lunar calendar: the lunar calendar is a flat year of twelve months, and the whole year lasts 354 or 355 days.

(2) solar calendar: the solar calendar is a flat year of 365 days, leap year 366 days, every four years a leap year.?

2, the number of days is different

(1) the lunar calendar: the length of the calendar month based on the sky to determine the lunar calendar, the big month is 30 days, the small month is 29 days.

(2) solar calendar: the solar calendar is a big month 31 days, small month 30 days, the special February days for 28 days in a normal year, leap year for 29 days.?

3, called different.

(1) the lunar calendar: the lunar calendar is usually called at the beginning of the month for the first few days of the month, such as: September 8th, 9th, 10th; in the middle of the month: September 15th, 16th; the end of the month for the September 30th, call the end of the day, do not add the word "day".

(2) solar calendar: the solar calendar, also known as the Gregorian calendar, usually referred to as a certain month and a certain day, such as: March 12, April 20, May 31, the time must be with the word "day".