Historical Development and Evaluation of Curriculum Reform

"Everything" here refers to the formulation and application of all teaching strategies and methods in schools, which should be people-oriented and promote the healthy growth of students; The "student" here obviously refers to every student in the school; "Development" here refers to the school's education, teaching and all extracurricular activities, which should aim at students' lifelong development and help students acquire the basic survival abilities they need to go to society in the future-the ability to learn independently, the ability to cooperate with others, the ability to collect and process information, the ability to learn to do things and the ability to survive independently. To ensure that our next generation can survive and develop in the future society. So someone simply wrote this sentence: Everything is for the students.

It is important to note here that although the slogan "Everything is for students" is beautiful, it will be the greatest misfortune for China students if it is understood as "teachers can replace everything for students" and "all students' behaviors must be carried out under the instruction of teachers". Nowadays, many principals of so-called key middle schools always proudly introduce to the outside world: "My school is completely closed ..." I always have a strange feeling when I hear this. Is it necessary to transform a natural person into a social person's education, but can the best young people be blocked in a "closed" campus?

Australian futurist Eliad once said, "If you don't live in the future today, then your tomorrow will live in the past." Therefore, China's education policy can't aim at cultivating perfect people ―― training every ordinary person to be "a lifelong capitalist", "a Lei Feng-style person" and "a builder and successor of the socialist cause", but should first complete the main task of basic education: to train qualified citizens.

Fold and edit the task objectives of this paragraph.

Fold the main target

Experts agree that the general goal of this basic education curriculum reform in China is to fully implement the Party's educational policy and promote quality education under the guidance of Comrade Deng Xiaoping's important thought of "education should face modernization, the world and the future" and Comrade Theory of Three Represents of Jiang Zemin.

First, the training objectives of the new curriculum should reflect the requirements of the times: first, students should have the spirit of patriotism and collectivism, love socialism, and inherit and carry forward the fine traditions and revolutionary traditions of the Chinese nation; Second, we must have a sense of socialist democracy and legal system and abide by state laws and social ethics; Third, gradually form a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values; Fourth, have a sense of social responsibility and strive to serve the people; Fifth, it has the initial spirit of innovation, practical ability, scientific humanistic quality and environmental awareness; Sixth, have the basic knowledge, skills and methods to adapt to lifelong learning; Seventh, have a strong body and good psychological quality; Eighth, develop a healthy aesthetic taste and lifestyle; Nine is to become a new generation with ideals, morality, education and discipline. [ 1]

Two, the specific objectives of the new curriculum reform should achieve six major changes: First, change the curriculum to pay too much attention to the influence of knowledge transmission, and emphasize the formation of a proactive learning attitude, so that the process of acquiring basic knowledge and skills becomes a process of learning to learn, and at the same time form correct values. The second is to change the current situation that the curriculum structure emphasizes too much on the subject standard, too many categories and lacks integration, so that the curriculum structure is balanced, comprehensive and selective. The third is to change the current situation that the course content is complex, difficult, biased, old and biased towards book knowledge, strengthen the connection between the course content and students' life and the development of science and technology in modern society, pay attention to students' learning interest and experience, and select the basic knowledge and skills necessary for lifelong learning. The fourth is to change the current situation that the curriculum implementation places too much emphasis on learning, rote memorization and mechanical training, advocate students' active participation, willingness to explore and diligent hands-on, and cultivate students' ability to collect and process information, acquire new knowledge, analyze and solve problems, communicate and cooperate. The fifth is to change the curriculum evaluation's over-emphasis on the screening and selection function of evaluation, and give play to the function of evaluation to promote students' development and improve teachers' teaching practice. Sixth, change the situation that curriculum management is too centralized, and implement curriculum management at the national, local and school levels to enhance the adaptability of the curriculum to local, school and students.

There is a good saying: experienced principals grasp the classroom and inexperienced principals grasp the concierge. In my opinion, the key for grass-roots schools to implement these six goals is to transform them into operational systems and implement them in the daily management of school education and teaching; For front-line teachers, it is mainly to implement the three-dimensional objectives of the new curriculum in all aspects of teaching in the process of classroom teaching design and implementation of each section.

The primary training objectives of the new round of basic education curriculum reform are: to make students have the spirit of patriotism and collectivism, love socialism, and inherit and carry forward the fine traditions and revolutionary traditions of the Chinese nation; Have a sense of socialist democracy and legal system, and abide by national laws and social ethics; Gradually form a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values; Have a sense of social responsibility and strive to serve the people; Have the initial spirit of innovation, practical ability, scientific and humanistic quality and environmental awareness; Have the basic knowledge, skills and methods to adapt to lifelong learning; Have a strong physique and good psychological quality, develop a healthy aesthetic taste and lifestyle, and become a new generation with ideals, morality, culture and discipline. Determining this training goal is not only the embodiment of Comrade Deng Xiaoping's important thought that education should face modernization, the world and the future, but also the concrete implementation of the historical responsibility of basic education to improve the quality of the whole nation and enhance the comprehensive national strength. In order to achieve this training goal, the Outline of Basic Education Curriculum Reform puts forward six specific goals of basic education curriculum reform.

Collapse main task

The main tasks of the new curriculum reform are: renewing ideas, changing ways and rebuilding the system. That is, renewing the concept of teaching and learning; Change the way of teaching and learning; Rebuilding the system of school management and education evaluation.

We often say that thought is the guide of action, and ideas dominate fate. Since ideas can affect a person's life, the change of educational ideas is enough to change the fate of a teacher and affect the life of the students taught by this teacher. I remember that at a provincial high school teaching seminar in 1998, I introduced my view that "a class can only be taught within 22.5 minutes" to dozens of front-line teachers. An old teacher raised such a question at the meeting: "Excuse me, Mr. Ben Lin, I can't finish teaching three books of physics in senior high school in 45 minutes each class." I don't know how you did it in such a short time. I replied without thinking: "This teacher is talking about how to' teach' it, and I am talking about how to teach students to' learn' it. "Although there is only one word difference between' teaching' and' learning' here, it can reflect the different educational concepts of the two teachers.

In my opinion, teachers in China are the most confident teachers in the world. Many of them believe that textbooks are used to' teach', not to teach students how to use textbooks and learn to teach themselves. A math teacher in a middle school found that a student didn't listen to books. The teacher asked the students, "Why don't you listen to the teacher in class?" The student replied, "I don't understand. I want to study. " The teacher was very angry and accused: "You don't understand, do you still want to understand?" Then he took a few steps in the direction of the podium, turned around and added, "It's incredible." Yes, in this teacher's mind, books can only be understood by teaching students through teachers. It would be incredible if students could understand it themselves.

The so-called transformation is to change the traditional way of teaching and learning. The change of teaching methods is also aimed at the change of students' learning methods. In the course of this curriculum reform, our country draws lessons from the successful experience of "problem-centered learning" and "project-centered learning" which started in the United States at the end of 19 and is being vigorously advocated by Chinese universities, middle schools and primary schools, and has launched a new curriculum of "inquiry learning". Its significance lies in giving students the ability to study independently, cooperate with others, make independent decisions, collect and process information and solve practical problems by changing their learning methods. The most important thing is to guide students to pay attention to the big problems facing mankind, so as to cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability and their sense of responsibility to mankind and society.

Not only that, this curriculum reform also hopes to change students' learning environment and even living environment, so that primary and middle school students in China can get rid of "being lectured by beautiful teachers in class, burying their heads in reading after class, and concentrating on doing a lot of exercises that are seriously divorced from real life"; Get out of the heavy academic burden, give them the free time and space they deserve, let them spend their adolescence happily and healthily, and let them open their eyes to see nature, society and life.

The so-called reconstruction system is to re-establish the school management system and education evaluation system. The education evaluation system mentioned here includes the government's evaluation of the education department, the society's evaluation of the school, the education department's evaluation of the school, the school's evaluation of the teachers, the parents' evaluation of the teachers, the teachers' evaluation of the students, and even the society's evaluation of the talents. However, I think the system is also a product of culture and an integral part of human civilization. Since culture is a civilization, it can only be inherited and developed. It is a bit extreme to mention "reconstruction", which may be misunderstood by the executor and cause serious consequences. A more appropriate expression should be "reforming the system".

Collapse basic task

The primary goal of curriculum reform in all countries in the world is to change the function of curriculum, and strive to make the new generation of citizens have the necessary qualities to adapt to the development of society, science and technology and economy in the 2/kloc-0 century. The new round of basic education curriculum reform in China deeply analyzes the disadvantages and problems existing in basic education, which is of great significance for comprehensively implementing quality education in the field of basic education and cultivating students' distinct sense of social responsibility, sound personality, innovative spirit and practical ability, desire and ability for lifelong learning, good information literacy and environmental awareness.

Some people say that after the new curriculum reform, do we still need quality education? It shows that the comrades who raised this question did not fully understand the main spirit of this new curriculum reform. We should not forget that the general goal of education in our country is to cultivate builders and successors with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and beauty. Let's not forget that the ultimate goal of this curriculum reform is to "build a new basic education curriculum system that meets the requirements of quality education". We should not forget that the biggest task of education in China is not to train people who can only solve problems and take exams, nor to aim at the narrow goal of training a few elites or one or two Nobel Prize winners, but to train hundreds of millions of socialist builders and successors.

Curriculum revolution

Strive to complete the historical mission of improving the overall quality of the Chinese nation and make great contributions to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

The fundamental task of the new curriculum reform is to fully implement the Party's educational policy, adjust and reform the curriculum system, structure and content of basic education, and build a new basic education curriculum system that meets the requirements of quality education.