History of Norway: Follow Viking's pirate ship and pursue medieval adventures.

? As an important part of modern western civilization, Northern Europe, with its different styles and traditions from Greece and Rome, constitutes another important source of western civilization today. From the cruelty of bartering, burning and looting Vikings in the Middle Ages to the enviable high welfare social system in the five Nordic countries. It can be said that the Nordic cultural tradition has deeply influenced the historical trend of western civilization, and ancient Nordic myths and legends have also become the same strain of today's western fantasy works.

? Gama Joe Boysen, 1848 was born in Frederic Sven, Norway. He is a well-known Norwegian writer and professor. As a prolific writer, he has published many works, including novels, poems and literary criticism, among which a series of works about Nordic history and culture are the most famous.

History of Norway is a popular history reader he wrote for the general public. As one of the series of Nordic History and Culture published by Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press, it is both academic and interesting. Professor Boijsen showed readers a magnificent picture of life and legends from the first king "nidhogg" Halfdan to the Norwegian kings in the19th century with a relaxed way similar to reading novels and vivid and humorous language art.

? Today, Norway is recognized as one of the most developed countries with the highest happiness index in the world. However, the ancient Norwegians who came from the Viking era were ruled by the Nordic powers such as Denmark and Sweden since the Middle Ages. Geographically, Norway used to be the "wild land outside China" in Europe, which is similar to what the Chinese nation called "the wasteland". Because it is far away from the advanced production civilization in the European continent, its influence and enlightenment are relatively limited.

? If you are a Nordic myth fan and a Viking fan, you must not miss such wonderful content. Nordic mythology is a unique myth system in Scandinavia. The second chapter of the book shows the beliefs and worldview of ancient Norwegians from five systems: giant, god, elf, dwarf and mortal. The length is not long, but the content is attractive enough.

? From the third chapter, it officially entered the Viking era, which is known as the active Viking era by many of us. As a native Norwegian writer, the author did not deliberately avoid the greedy and cold-blooded nature of Vikings and a series of bad influences brought by their brutal plunder. But at the same time, it also objectively and fairly expounded its own textual research viewpoint, that is, the vikings of that era only practiced the rude moral concepts stipulated by their own religion, and it was unfair to evaluate them by any advanced modern standards. Moreover, they still attach great importance to fraternity and will not do evil at home and abroad. This is also a reference for modern people to know more about Viking pirates of that era.

? On the surface, the focus of this book is to tell the biographies of Norwegian kings since nidhogg Halfdan. There is also an interesting legend about this "nidhogg": Queen ragnhild often had all kinds of incredible dreams during her pregnancy, and one day she had another dream, in which she predicted that many great kings would be born in the Halfdan family in the future. Halfdan was suddenly depressed, so he asked a wise man for advice. The wise man's suggestion is to let it spend the night in the pigsty. Then he had a dream that he had a lot of hair, some long and some short. According to the explanation of later generations, it is said that the most beautiful lock of hair symbolizes St. Olaf, king of Norway.

? Legend is a legend, largely because of its uncertainty and non-textual research. Due to the huge cultural differences between China and foreign countries, the probability of the same king's name appearing is very high through reading the whole article. Different from ancient China people, foreigners don't pay attention to "lack of pen" when writing the names of ancestors and kings, and even don't avoid the names of ancestors at all. This has brought a little obstacle and discomfort to the public readers to read this book.

? In the eyes of modern people, the throne of ancient Norway was a real chore, which meant more responsibilities than the royal power. The king not only has no right to do whatever he wants because of his own selfish interests, but even when crops fail or livestock drop sharply due to bad weather, people will regard this bad luck as the punishment of the gods for the lack of moral governance of the king and sacrifice the king to the gods. This way has no practical significance except that it can give psychological comfort to the general public. This is simpler and rougher than the "self-inflicted edict" written by the feudal kings of China in the year of poor harvest. At the same time, it also reflects the firm sense of autonomy of ancient Norwegians. Perhaps, it is this admirable and highly independent blood circulating in the bones of generations of Norwegians that makes modern Norway highly developed and powerful!