Book burning pit

Culture in a narrow sense only refers to people's spiritual life. On this basis, the cultural structure is further classified according to different perspectives.

First of all, in terms of time, there are primitive culture, ancient culture, modern culture and modern culture.

Secondly, in terms of space, there are oriental culture, western culture, marine culture and mainland culture.

Third, from the social level, there are aristocratic culture, civilian culture, official culture, folk culture, mainstream culture and marginal culture (Mr. Jiang Yihua pointed out

It is normative culture, non-normative culture and semi-normative culture. This division is relatively novel, so I will focus on it. The so-called normative culture is recognized by Mr. Jiang.

Therefore, taking Confucian classics as the classics and the official history of past dynasties as the latitude, Taoism, Buddhism, Yin and Yang, vertical and horizontal, metaphysics and Buddhism have been widely absorbed in the long-term migration and evolution.

Cheng's culture of classics and history is the most authoritative normative culture in China's small-scale peasant society. Correspondingly, it is a mode of production that is ubiquitous among the general public.

Lifestyle, interpersonal relationships, customs, beliefs, pursuits, daily psychology, latent consciousness and various written or unwritten systems.

Standardize culture. In addition to these two cultures, there is a semi-standard culture between them, which refers to a large number of literary and artistic works of different levels of elegance and vulgarity, which has a great influence on history and literature.

All kinds of cultural education and semi-free religious entertainment activities handed down from generation to generation by popular cultures such as Water Margin, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties and The Journey to the West.

Watch this. Of course, I think the division of Teacher Jiang seems to be only effective for the traditional culture of China.

Fourthly, it is divided into etiquette culture, system culture, dress culture, campus culture and enterprise culture from the social function.

Fifth, from the internal logic level of culture, it can be divided into four levels: material state culture, mentality culture, behavior culture and system culture.

Sixth, in terms of economic form, there are different cultures, such as animal husbandry and hunting, fishing and salt, agriculture, industry and commerce. There's someone inside.

Color, yellow culture, blue culture and so on.

In addition, there are more playful points. For example, Mr. Zhang Yuanshan divided culture into brain culture and chest culture in his cultural essay "Up and Down Five Thousand Years"

Secret room culture, belly culture and lower body culture. He divided the lower body into two sections, hip culture and hip culture. He said that in the middle of the Tang Dynasty (An Shi Rebellion)

It is limited by the upper part of China culture and the lower part of China culture. If further subdivided, from Yao to Zhou, that is, from 3000 BC to 552 BC, Confucius was born.

Born about 2500 years ago, it was the prehistoric period of China culture, and there was no brain. Around the birth of Confucius, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, China entered the age of brain culture. Qin Shihuang is at

Unity, centralization and despotism, China entered the era of chest with a bang. The Han dynasty played louder, which made the Xiongnu soldiers tremble with fear. The Stone in Huo Qubing's Tomb

Pigs, stones and horses are carved by the most mindless people at a glance. The cleverest Sima Qian was castrated by the most brainless Emperor Wu. It's also this brainless Han.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty claimed that Confucianism was the only thing that made most intellectuals in China become brainless for two thousand years. In short, teacher Zhang's score is very witty, and I will give it to you.

I said so much just to give you some inspiration. If you are interested, you might as well create a new method.

Recently, more and more people have studied culture and found more and more problems. Speaking of which, I'd like to introduce a book to you, Harvard University professor Harvard International.

Huntington, director of the regional research institute, and Harrison, a senior researcher under him, co-edited a book-The Important Role of Culture-How Values Affect Human Progress.

Step ". Their research has put forward many topics with far-reaching cultural significance. For example, Huntington compared the economic statistics of Ghana and South Korea.

In the 1960s, the economic levels of the two countries were strikingly similar: the per capita GNP was similar, and the proportion of primary product manufacturing and service industry was similar.

Recently, most of them export primary products. At that time, South Korea only produced a few manufactured goods, and the level of economic assistance they received was similar.

Wait a minute. Thirty years later, South Korea has become an industrial giant, ranking 14 in the world, exporting a large number of advanced manufactured goods such as automobiles and electronic equipment, with per capita income.

Close to the level of Greece. In addition, it has made great progress in consolidating the democratic system. There is no such change in Ghana, and the per capita GNP is only.

It is equivalent to one fourteenth of that of South Korea. How to explain it? Huntington judged that culture is playing an important role!

This gives us a revelation. Is China's backwardness in modern times restricted by China's traditional culture? Is the current underdevelopment due to culture? body

Institutional reasons? Regional reasons? Yang or a combination of many factors? And what is the relationship between culture and system and geography? This is very interesting in the current field of sociology.

Interesting topic, I hope our students can also participate in the Olympic bid and pay attention to doping. Lawrence believes that underdevelopment is a state of mind and reiterates the crimes of colonists.

Evil, has exceeded the limitation of prosecution, that is, the current underdevelopment, we need to find new reasons, or excuses. These scholars also wrote a corrupt song.

Ok, I think corruption is also related to culture, and the degree of corruption often changes along cultural boundaries. The most corrupt countries include Indonesia and Russia.

However, some Latin American countries and African societies, some Protestant societies in northern Europe and former British colonies have the lowest degree of corruption. Confucian society is mostly in the middle. It startled me.

Jump, China was not named by them. Why don't I introduce this book to you? It's a little unclear, hehe. If China is also a Confucian society, then we

Our corruption is still in the middle. Singapore is more Confucian than us, but it ranks with Denmark, Sweden, Finland and New Zealand as the least corrupt country in the world. They finally came to the conclusion

The conclusion is that corruption has both cultural and political reasons. In the long run, culture is the mother of the system. In the short term, changes in the system may have an impact on culture.

This is a great inspiration to our present China: the long-term backwardness is of course due to culture, which has created centralization. In order to change China's predicament, it is not.

It is to transform culture, not even the national character of Mr. Lu Xun, but to carry out political and democratic reforms. To save China, we must save culture; If you want to save culture, you must change your style.

System; If we want to change the system, we should first reform the culture. The problem is that there have been four cultural revolutions in China in history, and the results are not satisfactory. The first scene, the first emperor's book burning pit

Confucianism. In the second act, Liang Wudi ousted hundreds of schools and worshiped Confucianism. Act III, the May 4th Movement. He advocated scientific democracy in the early stage. Later, there was a cannon and a Marx.

Righteousness, saving the country outweighed enlightenment, and culture was once again used by politics. China has a tradition of stressing politics. Culture has always been the handmaid of politics, and the fate of Confucianism in China is the best.

Examples of. The fourth revolution is Mao Zedong's earth-shattering Cultural Revolution, and its scale is strikingly similar to that of the first revolution. Hundreds of millions of people are the same.

One head, one mouth, one doctrine. The chairman said that intellectuals are a hair attached to the bourgeoisie, and the revolution will transform them into the proletariat.

As a result, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat are all gone, all gone. In a word, by studying the traditional culture of China, you will find the traditional intellectuals in China.

The fate of crying is not, nor is the fate of laughing. However, with more research, you may be interested in the traditional culture of China. Having said that, let me briefly talk about two aspects of traditional culture.

A concept. First, what is traditional culture? It refers to the formation and development in the long-term historical development process, and has a stable form in various ethnic groups.

The state of culture. Second, what is the traditional culture of China? It refers to the integration, formation and development of multiculturalism with the Chinese nation as the mainstream in the long-term historical development process.

China culture has a stable form, including ideology, mode of thinking, value orientation, moral sentiment, lifestyle, etiquette system and customs.

Customs, religious beliefs, literature and art, educational technology and many other rich contents. So much content looks like a hedgehog. Where do we start?

Zhang Wuchang, a famous economist, always tells students that whatever they do depends on their talents and interests. Poor me, I have no talent, so I have to surround myself.

Interest has turned. I'll tell you which part I like. Confucianism says, don't do to others what you don't want, and I won't tell you what I don't like.

For example, the art of calligraphy is only done when you are full and supported, such as the textual research of scholars in Ming and Qing Dynasties. I won't tell you if you kill me. As for other classes,

Questions, if you really like them, you can ask them to me. The textbook is boring, and I'm going to throw it away completely. The topic I will talk about is: China culture and China people. Chinese language

China people. China culture, China women. China corrupt official culture. China's culture of being honest and upright. China agricultural culture. China marriage culture. Funeral culture in China. China

Traditional morality. China reformer. China's diplomacy. A historic blow to China people's national pride.

Speaking of which, everyone must be whispering. What about the exam? Forget the exam. I have more headaches than you. Watching the shiny paper be judged.

Volumes and tons of paper are wasted every semester, which makes me feel distressed. They are all logs. Japan's forest coverage rate is 65%, while ours is only 16%.

China exports and needs 45 billion pairs of disposable chopsticks every year. These chopsticks are recycled after being used in Japan, made into wood pulp and then sold to China. Anyway, I can't stand the glistening exam.

The examination paper is dizzy at first sight. What I appreciate most is the interview exam of the journalism department of Moscow University. The teacher took several colleagues to chat with his students, and the exam was over.

Yes As far as I'm concerned, liberal arts focus on spirit, and what needs to be memorized may be the most useless thing. Something of value, root

Ben doesn't need to recite. For example, if someone dies and lives again, what's the use of remembering these? When it is really used, why not check it directly? If I let my

Temper, I will open the test paper, stick it on my back and walk around the campus for three days. The problem is, if I do this, I'm finished. If I lose my job, so will you.

Alas, I will never meet such an enlightened teacher again. Examination paper is one of our traditional cultures in China. We are anti-traditional, and the result is that the dross is inherited and the essence is

I lost it. For example, Zhu Gekongming's "Longzhong Dui" is the most wonderful talk test in the history of China; His model is the most perfect book in history.

Exam. The paper is inevitable, what should I do? It's simple. You can read your own textbooks in your spare time. I have no sympathy for you, because you are smart.

Ming, endorsement is a piece of cake for you. After all, I still love newspapers.

The reason for opening such a subject is to let everyone know more about culture, stand tall, let everyone see far, learn deeply and see really. For example, the Sino-British Opium War

The controversy is more of a cultural war. Let's make a special topic and talk about it in detail later. Now, for example, our average students are always thinking: the west is all over.

what's up Why give us * * * culture lessons every day? And at the risk of being scolded by our left-wing boys, do you still insist on speaking? In fact, some people can't.

Understand Christian culture. China culture pushes others, don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you. Everyone cleans their own doors, and neighbors beat their wives at home. We pretended not to hear. Christianity

Culture is also pushing others, but on the contrary: don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you. I'll sue anyone who beats the child secretly at home. If you don't believe me, please watch the movie scrapping, which combines Chinese and western.

Cultural conflicts are all in it. In the same way, Uncle Sam thinks * * * is a good thing, and pushes it into my hand without looking at my face. There is no one on either side.

I don't understand anyone. The other party thinks he is doing something good like Lei Feng. I think they are drunk and care about interfering in internal affairs! If you don't understand, give me another one

For example, many religious plans were also caused by cultural misunderstandings. Christians come to China to preach and want to run an orphanage. Our people think, bah, the devils are not kind.

Must want to eat my child's heart, otherwise why do red hair and green eyes, especially that big red mouth, look like a ghost who eats children raw. Foreigners don't feel lonely at first sight.

Post it if your son wants to come, and give a child a few pence. Bah, the traffickers in China came into being, turning the loving mother's children to church just for the sake of.

To earn a few pence. Suddenly, culture is everywhere, and culture may be the root of all conflicts!

He who knows others is wise, and he who knows himself is wise. He will talk about the traditional culture of China and compare it with the spirit of western culture. I hope every student can see a history of 5,000 years and a world of 80,000 miles.

Take a sword alone, travel all over the world, see the world with three eyes, and people respect you between heaven and earth!