What are the artistic features of Sichuan Opera? -the artistic features of Sichuan Opera (2)

What are the artistic features of Sichuan Opera? -The artistic features of Sichuan Opera

Symbolic pattern

On the premise of using color to set the tone, symbolic and moral patterns are drawn on the faces of the characters to express the personality characteristics of the characters in the play. People can praise or belittle the characters in the play, expose satire, or criticize and lash, all of which can be reflected in the model.

For example, Bao Zheng's black face is painted with herringbone pen, calligraphy, longevity characters, crescent moon, sun and other patterns, symbolizing his integrity, law enforcement and incorruptibility throughout his life. Guan Yu's red face is painted with the patterns of sleeping silkworm eyebrows, three sticks of incense and characters, which shows his loyalty to bravery and loyalty. Zhao Kuangyin is also flushed and has a dragon pattern on his eyebrows, which shows that he is a generation of emperors. The white line drawn on the seal or eyelid shows his suspicious and insidious characteristics. Xiang Yu's black-and-white face is painted with patterns such as the Big Dipper, the immortal dragon pattern, the sword and the tiger and leopard eyes. It shows that Tianwei once drew his sword for a generation of tyrants and defeated Wujiang River.

Model animal

Using animal patterns to express the characteristics of characters is a major feature of Sichuan opera facial makeup. For example, Ma Jun, a Jianghu hero, is his name? Jade butterfly? So I drew a butterfly on Ma Jun's face. On the face of the green duck Taoist, it is a sketch of the duck spreading its wings; Snake essence's face is painted with a long blue-green snake with coils and so on.

In particular, the drawing of these animal patterns needs to completely conform to the distribution characteristics of actors' facial muscles. For example, the snake's head and mouth are painted on the actor's mouth, the snake's body is coiled around the cheeks, and the snake's tail extends to the eyebrow muscle. In this way, the opening and closing of the actor's mouth only shows the opening and closing of the snake's mouth, and the movement of the whole facial muscles only drives the snake to crawl. Another example is the crab general in Shui Jin Man Shan, which outlines a big crab claw in the actor's mouth, and the movement of the mouth muscles is just the opening and closing movement of the crab claw.

Designing and sketching facial makeup with animal patterns is by no means mechanically copying animal patterns on the face, but requires artistic treatment of deformation, exaggeration and ingenious arrangement. Whether we use the whole picture of animals or take part of them, we need to meet the needs of roles, performances and characterization. The drawing of animal facial makeup should strive for bright colors and beautiful decoration, and also give full consideration to the norms of all walks of life of the characters in the play. In other words, the painting method of animal facial makeup should also have the difference between big painted face, second painted face, small painted face and bully face.

Bell face

Bully face, also known as bully face, is the shape of the characters and teenagers in the play, which embodies the characteristics of strong blood and vigor of the characters. The face of the bully continues the facial makeup characteristics of middle-aged and elderly people. There is no mouth, and the nose is generally the boundary, only the upper part of the face is outlined. Bully face also has the function of implicitly expressing the morphological characteristics of characters' offspring.

For example, the red-faced Guan Yu in "Walking on the Moon to Kill a Bear" is still a young man, and his face is a semi-red but not white bully. Black-faced Bao Gong became an official for the first time in "The Double Nail". He was still a young man with a quick personality in honesty, so he was given a black-faced bully. Shi Yinglong, a young hero in Polo Flower, has a domineering face. Zhang Fei's son Zhang Bao is a bully, and Niu Hao's son Niu Tong is a bully. They are young and full of energy.

Text mask

There is also a way to express the characteristics of characters by using characters as modeling in Sichuan opera masks. Sketch calligraphy Chinese characters in a prominent position on the face of the characters, and then match them with other decorative patterns. /kloc-People and Facebook appeared on the stage before the 1950s. The characters in this book are sketched repeatedly according to the dictation of senior Sichuan opera artists, which can be roughly divided into simplified characters and abstract characters, and there are calligraphy forms such as seal, official script, kai, xing and Cao.

For example, Niu Hao wrote official script on his forehead? Cattle? Words; Li Kui jy writes official script on his forehead? Lee? Words; Regular script written on Yan's forehead? Hey? Words; Kuixing writes regular script on his forehead? Fight? Words; It is said that Yang descended to Hei Hu, and his bully had cursive script on his face? Tiger? Words. People often say? Face is a sign? The word mask plays a trademark role in introducing the characters in the play.

musical instrument

Sichuan opera gongs and drums are an important part of Sichuan opera music. There are more than twenty kinds of musical instruments * * *, and the common ones can be simplified as small drums, hall drums, big gongs, big cymbals and small gongs (also called hinges). Five parties? In addition, the strings and suona are hexagonal and played by a small drum. This is a light band that performs in the countryside. There are about 300 gongs and drums. ? Pretend to be like a dragon, pretend to be like a tiger? This sentence describing and demanding the performance of Sichuan opera has been passed down from generation to generation among Sichuan opera actors. The performance of Sichuan Opera has a deep tradition of realism, and at the same time, it uses a lot of artistic exaggeration, which makes the performance real, delicate, beautiful and moving.

The name of Qu's work (Qu) is composed of

Sichuan Opera Gaoqiang is music with Qupai style. There are many Qupai in Sichuan Opera Gaoqiang, and the form of Qupai is complicated. Its structure can basically be summarized as: opening the cavity, standing upright, singing and sweeping the tail. There are many high-pitched operas with a wide range of themes, which are suitable for a variety of literature and word formats. The biggest feature of Gao Qiang is dry singing without instrumental accompaniment, that is, the so-called "one-voice singing method", which is a combination of help and singing. That's how gongs, drums and qupai are written. Some Qupai have more voices than singing, some are basically all voices, and some Qupai only have voices in the first and second sentences. The specific form is decided by the drama party.

Face change-face change

In the performance of Sichuan Opera, with the turning point of the plot and the changes in the inner world of the characters, Facebook needs to make corresponding changes. How to Change Face In a play, Sichuan Opera artists created and invented special effects such as changing face, pulling face and wiping eyes. These stunts are used in the stage performance scene without being noticed by the audience, thus achieving the strong performance effect of the instantaneous change of the characters' faces.

Blowing powder is the most commonly used way to change your face. Pulling a face is to draw a face on a thin silk, and quickly and skillfully remove the thin silk attached to the face layer by layer during the performance. Brushing eyes is a way to make facial makeup change locally. During the performance, the actor will quickly blacken his eyes with black pine smoke smeared on his fingers in advance.

For example, Le Yangzi in "Treating Zhongshan", when he learned that the broth in front of him was his own son, the actor blew gold powder with his mouth, so that the natural face of Le Yangzi foundation suddenly turned into a golden face and his mouth turned from black to white. This sudden change of face depicts the intense stimulation of Le Yangzi's mind. Change your face and heart? Got the most incisive performance. Qing Er in Broken Bridge wants to retaliate against the heartless Xu Xian. In Flying Cloud Sword, Chen Cang's demon wants to chase the scholar Ning Cai Chen. During the performance, their faces changed again and again, which strongly showed the magic of Qing Er and the cruelty of Chencang Banshee and exaggerated the performance atmosphere. The Zijin Rao Bowl in "Shui Jin Man Shan" wants to subdue the demon and subdue the white snake, and the battle between the two sides can be described as thrilling. What do actors use when the plot reaches its climax? Pull a face? Art makes Zijin Raobo's face instantly appear red (happy), blue (angry), white (sad), green (happy) and other colors, depicting the ever-changing power and magic of Zijin Raobo and vividly showing his complex personality. Wang Kui, the champion of new detective, was killed by the ghost of his ex-wife Jiao on their wedding night. Did the actor use it at this time? Wipe your eyes? Operation, to show Wang Kui slouches. In "Sitting on a Building to Kill Cherish", the actor also used it to express Song Jiang's sudden desire to kill? Wipe your eyes? Skill.

The most famous skill of Sichuan Opera is changing face, which includes rubbing, rubbing, wiping, blowing, painting, wearing, suppressing and pulling. In Sichuan, Wang Daozheng is known as the king of Sichuan Opera.

What is changing face?

Face-changing is one of the stunts in Sichuan Opera, which is used to reveal the changes of the characters' hearts, thoughts and feelings, that is, to turn the invisible abstract emotions and psychological states into tangible images? Facebook. This has become a major feature of appreciating Sichuan Opera today.

Facebook evolution

At first, the mask was a paper shell mask, but after improvement, it developed into a mask drawn by papyrus. When performing, it is covered by fireworks or folding fans, and the mask is removed layer by layer. After the founding of New China, with the rapid development of face-changing stunts, the materials used to make facial makeup also developed to satin fabrics used today, which greatly facilitated the performance of actors.

Facial makeup modeling

Face-changing masks will choose some unknown characters, including chivalrous men and ghosts, while well-known masks, such as Guan Gong, Cao Cao and Bao Gong, are generally not used for face-changing. In order to form a dazzling audience effect, it is necessary to draw a face-changing mask with sharp and rough strokes and strong color contrast. In the design of color implication, it should be based on the moral quality and role type of the characters in the play, or praise, or expose irony, or lash out at criticism, or derogate from praise, which can be reflected in the color of the mask.

skill

There are three ways to change your face: Wipe your face? 、? Blow your face? 、? Pull a face? . Besides, there's another one. Luck changes your face

Wipe your face: apply makeup oil paint to a specific part of your face, and wipe it with your hands during the performance to make it become another face. If you need to change your whole face, you can apply paint to your forehead or eyebrows. If you only change the lower half of your face, paint your face or nose. What did Xu Xian use in The Legend of the White Snake? Wipe your face? .

Face Blowing: Put powdered cosmetics, such as gold powder, silver powder and toner, into a specific container. When performing, the actor just needs to blow his face close to the container and the powder will jump on his face. When blowing, he must close his eyes, shut his mouth and hold his breath. Face blowing in "Take My Son alive" is to put makeup powder in a glass, and more often, put a small box of powder on the ground of the stage. Actors can take this opportunity to dance on the floor and put their faces close to the box.

Pull a face: Pull a face? The way to change your face is very complicated. It is to draw a face on a piece of silk in advance, cut it open, tie a silk thread to each face, and then stick it on the face one by one. The silk thread is tied in a convenient and inconspicuous place (such as a belt) in the clothes. With the development of the plot, under the cover of dance movements, they were demolished one by one. For example, the bowl in The Legend of the White Snake (Zijin Bowl) can turn seven or eight different faces, such as green, red, white and black. Another example is the thief in The Old Main Building, and Nie Long in Watching Niang Beach. ? Pull a face? There is a certain difficulty. First, don't have too much glue on your face, lest you tear it off at that time or tear off all the faces at once. Second, the action should be clean and neat, and the fake action should be clever and can deceive the audience's eyes.

Luck: As the name implies, use Qigong to change your face shape. Legend has it that when Peng Sihong, a famous actor in Sichuan Opera, played Zhuge Liang in "Empty City Plan", when Qin Gui reported Sima Yi's abdication, he could turn his face from red to white and then from white to green with qigong to show Zhuge Liang's fear after liberation.

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