In ancient times, what did you get when you got married? draw

The Book of Rites says: "There is no need to be happy at the wedding, and there is little seclusion. Le, Yang also, weddings and funerals are unhappy and people are chaotic. " According to legend, the earliest marriage and wedding in China began with Fu's marriage and Nu Wa's matchmaking. As "Jing Hua Yuan Wai Ji" said: "There was no difference between men and women in ancient times, and Tai Hao began to set up a wedding ceremony, with the skin of the couple as the gift." Since then, the couple's skin (paired deerskin) has become one of the classic wedding gifts. After that, in addition to the "wedding ceremony", we must also "tell our parents"; During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, there were festivals of "before welcoming the court" and "before welcoming the court". The Zhou Dynasty was an era of etiquette. At that time, a complete set of wedding etiquette was gradually formed. There are detailed provisions in the Book of Rites, which combine the whole set of ceremonies into "Six Rites", which are called "Three Books and Six Rites" together with the three books (i.e. invitations, gift letters and wedding letters). Before the Northern and Southern Dynasties, men and women did not congratulate each other. It's just that "the curtain is the house, the inside and outside is the door, and it's called Lu Qing, and you worship it". At dusk, the groom wears a knight's uniform, all his attendants are dressed in black, and the carriage for the wedding banquet is painted black. No drum music, no congratulations from relatives and friends. During the Han Dynasty, there was a custom of celebrating marriage. According to "Han Xuan Di Ji", "In the second year of Wufeng, it was said:' The ceremony of husband's marriage is also the most important. Wine and food, so the salute is also fun. There are two thousand stones in this county or township, and intermarriage is forbidden. It is forbidden to celebrate with wine and food, because it is a ceremony that wastes hard work and makes the people unhappy, so it is not a guide for the people. The imperial edict of Emperor Gaozu Xuan Di was to encourage people to hold banquets at weddings. "Book of Rites" says: "Those who are confused by the ceremony must be in line with the interests of the two surnames. The upper one is the temple, and the lower one is the successor, so the gentleman values it." It's about accepting gifts, claiming fame, Naji, collecting levies and inviting parties. The host entertained several times in the temple, but it is also a matter of respect and prudence to worship outside, enter and obey the temple. "Rites": "There are six ceremonies when you are confused, accepting gifts, asking names, Najib, accepting gifts, inviting parties and welcoming relatives. Chapter 75 of the Chronicle of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty: "Cai Hou has a pair of suet white jade ornaments and two pairs of silver minks, one of which is presented as a gift to King Chu Zhao, and he appreciates one of them very much. "

Jubilee and couplets are one of the common forms of traditional etiquette in China to congratulate people on their marriage. They were first used by emperors, then gradually developed to the people, and now they have become an elegant way of communication. It is more common to write congratulations vertically, saying congratulations at the top right, autographing at the bottom left, which is a slogan, and writing the date of congratulations vertically on the left. There are no punctuation marks in the writing of couplets. The arrangement of couplets is that the upper couplet is hung on the right and the lower couplet is hung on the left (if there is a banner, it is hung horizontally on the upper edge between the two couplets). )? The ancients thought dusk was auspicious, so they married at dusk, hence the name. Because in the concept of Yin-Yang, Five Elements and Shintoism, women belong to Yin, and dusk means "Yang goes to Yin", and everything in the wedding is in line with the meaning of welcoming Yin into the room. Faint ceremony is one of the five ceremonies, and it is the second milestone in life after the male crown ceremony or the female ceremony. Wedding dress plays an extremely important role in the wedding. In the system of Tang and Song Dynasties, men with more than four products were married by coronation, men with more than nine products were married by title, and Shu Ren was married by crimson clothes. Women should wear dresses, even petticoats, when they get married. Tang people inherited the wedding tradition of the ancients and held weddings at night. On the other hand, nomadic customs still exist in the Northern Dynasties, such as urging women to get on the bus, riding saddles for the bride, playing with new husbands, and having fun at weddings. Weddings in the Sui and Tang Dynasties began to be decorated with lights and decorations, beaming with joy. The wedding dresses of the Southern Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty formed the crested rockhopper and the Xiatie. Because the Qing dynasty practiced shaving and changing clothes for the Han people, it also accepted the advice of Jin Zhijun, a adherent of the Ming dynasty, one of which was "not marrying an official", that is, the marriage custom followed the tradition of the Han people. Therefore, the wedding dress system of Han nationality in Qing Dynasty is still the same as that in Ming Dynasty. The word "bridal chamber" appeared long ago, but at first it didn't refer to the new house for marriage. According to legend, a great talent in the Han Dynasty once wrote a poem "On Fu", which describes that the disgraced Empress Chen learned that Emperor Wu promised to die in the future, so she waited hard. However, it was too late and I didn't see the king's favor, so I wandered alone and had to "hang the bright moon to look at myself and get married all night." The new house here does not refer to the newly married one, but to the deep and luxurious bedroom. In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, there was a sentence in Yu Xin's poem "Singing and Dancing Three Rivers", which said that the bridal chamber was full of flowers and candles, not a new house. In the Tang Dynasty, the word "bridal chamber" was frequently used to refer to the place where men and women fell in love, so as to describe "boudoir love". For example, "Fallen leaves flow to the Jade Terrace, and the bridal chamber opens at night in cold and autumn" (Shen Quanqi's Ancient Songs), "Don't play the Qiang flute to scare the neighbors, and don't make trouble in the bridal chamber with the pipa" (Joe's Advocating Women to Walk) are all examples. These "bridal chambers" don't just refer to newlywed bedrooms. Due to the popularity of Buddhism in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the bridal chamber was also used to refer to the monk's mountain house. Wang Wei has a poem "Deep bamboo is hidden in the bridal chamber, and spring scenery is heard in the clear night" ("Lan Ruo's Taoist Master").

It was not until the middle Tang Dynasty that the bridal chamber gradually expanded to the wedding room. The poet Zhu Qingyu left a well-known poem in the poem "Try Zhang Jishui Department": "The bridal chamber stopped the red candle last night and waited for the morning to visit menstruation." "Ancient and modern novels: Today's angry lover": "They worship heaven and earth, their husbands and mothers, and then after the ceremony, they are sent back to the bridal chamber for a wedding banquet." Hong Shen's The Mystery of the Rich, Act II: "Twenty years ago, men and women always talked about love after entering the bridal chamber." Hong Mai, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote a famous sentence in Rong Zhai's Essays, which was handed down to later generations: "Wedding night, be the first time". Since then, the bridal chamber has gradually become a special name for newlyweds' new houses, which has been used ever since. Meeting the bride is a necessary process for the formal legalization of marriage, which is also called "meeting the bride". This is a very sacred and serious procedure. The so-called worship of the church means that the furniture is arranged in the center of the courtyard from north to south. The "Heaven and Earth Table" burns incense mounts, firecrackers play music, the bride and groom, women go up and men go down, worship the north, worship heaven and earth, worship the high hall, and the couple pay homage. The so-called "ten-mile red makeup" is an old scene of marrying a woman. People often use "a thousand acres of fertile land, ten miles of red makeup" to describe the richness of dowry. In the old custom, the day before the wedding, the woman's house hired porters to deliver the furniture to the man's house, and the bridesmaids arranged it, commonly known as "making the bed" or "giving the dowry". Although this shop is not among the Six Rites, it has already become an important part of the marriage customs of the Han nationality. The dowry of the rich family is amazing, with beds, tables, utensils, boxes and bedding, and all the daily needs. The dowry line stretches for several miles, so it is called "Shili red makeup". Dowry often becomes a parade for the rich to show off their wealth. Sima Guang, a writer in the Song Dynasty, once lamented this bad habit: "The day before the wedding, the woman's family opened Chen Qifu's room, commonly known as' paving the room'. Although it did not exist in ancient times, it cannot be abolished now. Bed collapse, bed collapse, chair bed and so on, my husband's house should have them all; Felt mattresses, slow bills, quilts and the like, women should have them. However, those who don't use blankets, curtains and tents, those who don't use clothes, socks and shoes are locked up, and they want to show off their wealth. These dowry furniture are customarily divided into inner room guys and outer room guys. Such as thousand-work beds, front tables, red cupboards, front cupboards, clothes hangers, spring stools, toilets, children's buckets and dressing tables, are all indoor guys; Painting table, piano table, square table, round-backed chair, etc. Are outsiders. This is the state of a maid and concubine, which is not enough "(see" Wen Gong Yi Shu "Volume III). Functionally, it can be divided into three parts: daily necessities, small wooden daily necessities and women's articles. ? The custom of ancient marriage is different from that of later generations: ancient women were not afraid to remarry, which was always the case from the Zhou Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty. According to Li Tan Gong, after the death of Confucius' son, "his wife married Wei" added: "Zisi's mother died in Wei, and Zisi cried in the temple. The master came and said,' What's the point of crying in the Confucius Temple after the Shu family's mother died?' Zisi said,' I passed! "I passed," but cried in his room. "It can be seen that the son-in-law of the descendants of saints is also inevitable to remarry. Wei, Jin, Tang and Song Dynasties, the daughter of a famous family remarried. " Biography of the three kingdoms Takeshi "Mrs. Bu" records that Mrs. Bu gave birth to two girls, whose long name is Lu Ban, and the word is "Big Tiger", which is preceded by weeks and followed by Quan Cong; Don't call it Lu Yu, the word Xiaohu, with Zhu Ju in front and Liu Bian behind. Shang's Textual Research on Social Customs in Past Dynasties quoted Suiyuan Essay as saying: "The princess in Tang Dynasty remarried twenty-three, three married four. "And at that time, whether the ex-husband saw her ex-husband or the latter saw her ex-husband, there was no need to avoid it. After Lu You, a poet in the Song Dynasty, divorced his ex-wife Tang Wan, she once went to Shenyuan and met Tang Wan and her later husband Zhao Shicheng. Tang and Ye Zhao gave Lu You food and drink. As a result, Lu You was moved and wrote a word "Feng Feng" on the wall. (See Miscellaneous Knowledge for details. It can be seen that it is normal for women to remarry in the Tang and Song Dynasties. It was not until the Ming and Qing dynasties that women remarried, and the ethics did not allow it, so there was the saying of chastity archway.