Kindergarten environment creates a record of "the warmth of nature"

The environment of kindergarten refers to the sum of all the material and spiritual conditions that children in kindergarten must have for their physical and mental development. Children's growth is inseparable from the environment, which has a far-reaching impact on children's development. China had an incisive exposition on this in ancient times. For example, "Those who are near Zhu Zhechi and Mexico are black" emphasizes the contagious effect of the environment on people. Another example is the story of "Three Movements in Meng Mu", which shows that we should pay attention to the choice of environment when cultivating talents. Yan Zhitui, an ancient educator, believed that the environment had a profound and lasting influence on children in a subtle way. Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, believes that human potential behavior is adaptability, and environment is one of the most important factors for children's development. Therefore, the environment plays an important and irreplaceable role in children's development.

Kindergarten is one of the important places to promote children's physical and mental development, which is of special significance to children. For children aged 3-6, they do not have the ability to choose, adapt and transform the environment that adults have, which determines that children have extensive acceptance and dependence on the environment. It is more necessary to create a scientific kindergarten education environment. The creation of kindergarten environment is conducive to the vivid, intuitive, vivid and comprehensive education of children with the environment, so that children can participate in and use the environment to stimulate their all-round information and inner enthusiasm, so that children can directly obtain an emotional experience and knowledge enlightenment, thus promoting their all-round development.

First, several problems in the creation of environment:

The Regulations on Kindergarten Work clearly points out that it is necessary to create a good environment suitable for education, provide opportunities and conditions for children's activities and performances, and promote the different development of each child at the original level. This is one of the basic tasks of preschool education. However, there are some problems in the environmental creation of some kindergartens at present:

1. Only pay attention to the one-way function of environmental creation. The main performance is that the guiding ideology and creative methods of some kindergartens are not from the perspective of educating children, but mostly stay on children.

The garden environment is neat, orderly and beautiful. Mainly for decoration, in order to complete the task of layout, only the external form is pursued, but the role of environment in education and teaching is not paid attention to.

2. One-sided content of environmental creation. Mainly manifested in the simple and scattered content, lack of overall layout awareness, giving people an unbalanced and unsystematic feeling. For example, in the process of education, we only pay attention to the provision of material conditions, but not to the creation of environmental utilization needs. This one-sided environmental layout is extremely unfavorable to children's all-round development.

3. The space created by the environment is not fully utilized. The environmental construction of kindergartens only pays attention to the indoor and wall layout, ignoring the hidden role of other spaces in kindergarten education, which greatly reduces the environmental education function of kindergartens.

4. The creation of environment only pays attention to the provision of adults and ignores the intervention of children. For the perfection of environmental layout, adults often "write, guide and act", and children seldom participate, but let children act as spectators when the teacher arranges the environment and accept the arrangement of adults mechanically. This arrangement process is not conducive to the development of children's thinking and the cultivation of personality and creativity.

There are many reasons for the above problems, but the environmental creators' one-sided and narrow understanding of kindergarten environment and education, neglect the integrity and education of environmental creation, and lack of research and innovation on environmental creation are the main reasons for these problems.

Second, the principle of environmental creation

With the continuous development of China's economy, the whole society pays more and more attention to early childhood education, and the deepening of early childhood education reform has greatly improved the material environment of kindergartens. Whether environmental construction can play the greatest role of the environment has attracted people's attention. First of all, it is necessary to improve users' understanding of the function of environmental education, update their educational concepts, enhance their conscious awareness of creating and using the environment, actively improve the utilization rate of the existing physical environment, strengthen environmental management on this basis, follow certain principles, create the environment scientifically, and constantly optimize the environment.

1. Comprehensive principle

Users are required to create a comprehensive kindergarten environment according to the comprehensive characteristics of children's physical and mental development, to overcome randomness and blindness, to design the arrangement as a whole, and to penetrate into the teaching work of the whole kindergarten, so that the kindergarten environment will have an overall effect on children's physical and mental development.

2. The utility principle:

Make full use of environmental equipment and give full play to the educational effect. The creation of any environment must obey the content and demand, and cannot be created for the sake of creation. We should give full play to the comprehensive function and internal potential of the environment, adjust measures to local conditions, and make full use of existing conditions.

3. Subjectivity principle:

The creation of kindergarten environment must take children as the main body, and create an environment that children are familiar with, love and actively participate in, so that children can feel that they are the masters of the environment, actively participate in the layout of the environment, gain knowledge in the process of participation, and promote the development of children's understanding and operation skills.

4. Safety and health principles:

Children should live in an environment suitable for their healthy growth. Safety and hygiene are important conditions, and the creation of kindergarten environment must obey the requirements of hygiene and safety to ensure it.

Children's physical and mental health development.

Third, the improvement method of kindergarten environment creation

(1) Create a rich and scientific material environment.

1, pay attention to the full use of three-dimensional space.

The creation of kindergarten environment should make full use of indoor and outdoor floors, walls and spaces, provide opportunities and conditions for children to receive all kinds of knowledge or information stimulation as much as possible, promote children's unconscious learning ability, and unconsciously accept edification and absorb knowledge in kindergarten daily life.

(1) Various figures and riddles can be drawn on the indoor and outdoor floors, and painted with colors or numbers.

Words and letters. Increase children's opportunities to receive information stimulation and use it in children's games, and consolidate what they have learned or gain some exercise through games. For example, draw a map of China on the ground, learn about the regional division and distribution of the vast territory of the motherland through various forms of games, and increase or decrease children's patriotic feelings. Another example is "Jumping Snail". Paint bright colors on the spiral on the snail's back and write numbers to help children do color discrimination training and consolidate their understanding of numbers.

(2) The spatial layout is realized by hanging various educational and decorative items in the air, which is convenient to replace. For example, there are many festivals in a year, and some festivals have short intervals, so it takes a lot of time to arrange them. It is best to use space layout to cooperate with the theme education of festivals, such as lanterns for Mid-Autumn Festival and national flag and emblem for National Day.

(3) In addition to beautifying the kindergarten, the wall layout can also open up painting area, puzzle area, natural scenic area, homework display area and weather recording area indoors and outdoors, fully explore the operable layout, and flexibly change the use or content according to educational needs. For example, children are required to observe the natural changes throughout the year, and natural objects such as leaves, grass, flowers, small animal models, specimens or pictures are arranged on the wall to make the three-dimensional picture intuitive, vivid and interesting, so that children can master the basic characteristics of the four seasons through observation and hands-on arrangement, which is in line with the principle of entertaining.

2. The content of environmental creation is comprehensive and systematic.

The layout of most kindergartens is monotonous, mostly animals, flowers, trees, children and so on. The author visited many kindergartens and often saw that "a big tree" occupied a large area of the wall, but it had no educational function. Obviously, this is only for teachers to complete the assignment. Therefore, according to the characteristics of children's wide attention and strong curiosity, the content system should be arranged to adapt to the educational environment. For example, on the same stair wall, a systematic safety education map is created from bottom to top, and different safety education scenes appear in the form of stories through the movement of the protagonist. In case of fire, dial "1 19" and walk across the road.

Road, let children receive safety education when going up and down the stairs every day, enhance safety awareness and cultivate self-protection ability; On the day of welcoming Hong Kong's return, a staged knowledge garden "How much do you know about Hong Kong?" There is a theme in each stage, which requires children to collect relevant information in different forms (pictures, newspaper clippings, handmade, etc.). ) Tidy up the garden with the help of parents and teachers.

3. Attach importance to children's experience in the process of environmental creation.

In the past, the kindergarten environment was generally provided by adults to children, and children were in a passive position, unable to participate in environmental layout, which affected their thinking and creativity. Therefore, today's kindergartens should pay attention to providing children with excellent opportunities to acquire new knowledge, new experiences and exercise their hands-on ability, and also let children feel kind and satisfied with the environment arranged by themselves and with their brains. So as to cherish the environment more, encourage a sense of accomplishment and encourage children to fully interact with the environment. In particular, the activity area should design and provide operating materials that meet the age characteristics of children and meet the requirements of educational courses. The placement of materials and tools should be convenient for children to take and put, and cultivate the good habit of putting them back after playing. Because children like to integrate into the environment and experience their own behavior process, we pay attention to the guidance of environmental design process when creating the environment, so that children can constantly exercise, grow their talents and play their main role in the creation of the environment.

4. Explore the potential and fully create an environment close to nature.

A meadow, a few green trees and a winding path lead to a secluded place can realize children's dream experience of embracing nature and increase their interest in nature. The increasing urbanization makes it difficult for children to get such opportunities. A small slope allows children to roll freely, and a piece of green grass allows children to enjoy soft and exciting fun, so that children can sit, lie, climb and roll freely in the embrace of nature and enjoy the sunshine bath. Therefore, the creation of outdoor activity venues in kindergartens should fully tap the natural potential of the venues and open up a place for children to roll, jump and play freely. The design of outdoor activity environment should be based on the regional climate characteristics, and cold areas should be equipped with adequate wind protection equipment. In rainy and tropical areas, awnings should be set up to shelter from the rain or tall trees should be planted to protect from the sun. The architectural position design of garden houses should also consider the problem of wind and sun protection.

(B) to create a good spiritual environment

On the basis of rich material environment, establishing a good spiritual environment is an important part of kindergarten environment creation. The various emotions, ways of expressing emotions, languages, behaviors and habits established between children and adults, between children and children, between adults and teachers and parents form a garden-like atmosphere in kindergartens, which directly affects the growth of children and plays an important role in their growth. What plays a leading role in creating a good spiritual environment is the teacher's words and deeds and educational attitude, which is also the focus of children's attention. Therefore, if we want to play the educational function of the spiritual environment.

1. Love preschool education and have good professional ethics.

Some people say: "Teachers are burning candles, burning themselves and illuminating others", selfless dedication, all for children, is the most basic moral requirement for preschool education. Teachers are idols in children's hearts and have natural influence. Therefore, teachers must strengthen moral cultivation, establish correct educational ideas and give full play to their talents, so as to achieve high-quality preschool education, ensure that the environment has a positive effect on children and promote their physical and mental health development.

2. Love and respect children and establish a truly equal relationship between teachers and students.

Suhomlinski said: "Love is to feel the most subtle spiritual needs of children with your heart." The teacher's love creates a good atmosphere for children's development without depression and full of encouragement. For example, children always cry for their mother when they enter the garden, but when they see the kind smiling face of the teacher, they hug him and whisper, kissing him like a mother will soon stop crying. One day, just after doing morning exercises, the teacher turned around and saw the Ming army pushing another child to the ground. Ming Jun is a naughty boy. When the teacher saw this situation, he didn't blame him, but whispered to him, "Ming Jun, why did you push others?" Ming Jun said, "I want to help the teacher collect toys." It turns out that both children want to help the teacher collect morning exercises equipment. The teacher immediately praised the two children's ideas and then gave them correct guidance. If the teacher blames the child without asking the reason and takes a strict attitude, the child will be in a state of tension and anxiety, and there will be lack of self-confidence, negative intellectual activities, timidity and other phenomena in the future, which will affect the intellectual development.

3. Be good at observing children's activities and guiding them.

In the process of children's activities and operations, it is inevitable to encounter difficulties of one kind or another: some are due to the differences in children's level, and the activity materials prepared by teachers for children are not suitable for children, so teachers must adjust the activity materials for children in time; Another situation is that children don't understand the rules of activities or operation methods, which requires teachers to pay attention to explain clearly and give guidance in time. In order to find out the problems existing in children's activities, teachers are required to be good at observing children's activities and make timely adjustments in view of the existing problems. For example, according to the difference of children's level, make flexible activity plans, provide all kinds of activity materials, give more guidance to children with weak ability, let them gain more successful experience and enhance their self-confidence; Strong ability should choose the corresponding materials according to their own level, so that their ability can be fully exercised. Only in this way can we keep the environment in the best condition suitable for children's development and give full play to the educational role of the environment.

4. Have rich knowledge and good educational art level, and provide educational content to satisfy children's thirst for knowledge.

Kindergarten teachers are faced with naive children, who are deeply interested in what they see and hear in daily life, especially the ever-changing nature. They have a lot of "why?" Ask the teacher. If the teacher doesn't know anything, it will spoil the child's curiosity and lose his prestige in the child's heart. Therefore, teachers must keep learning, enrich their knowledge and answer children's questions accurately, so as to satisfy children's thirst for knowledge. It is required to adopt efficient educational methods, so that children can receive simple education, enhance their interest in learning, and cultivate their observation, attention, thinking, memory and imagination. Develop children's intelligence.

5. Guide children to establish good relationships and create a relaxed and pleasant environment for communication and cooperation between children.

Because each child comes from different families and has different personalities, there will be many problems in the communication activities between children. Such as: disputes, mutual disrespect, non-interference, etc. Teachers should analyze and solve problems in time, and solve different problems in different ways, or help children to be polite, or increase activity materials, or adjust the distribution of activity areas. At the same time, the way teachers solve problems must be based on respect and equality, so that children can solve problems in the material environment or psychological environment in a relaxed environment and establish a good peer communication environment.

Only by doing the above, establishing a correct view of children and education, giving love and care to children's parents, deeply understanding children's inner world, understanding children's wishes, demands and hobbies, and forming an atmosphere of respect, trust, friendship and harmony can teachers create a good spiritual environment. Make the environment play its educational function better.