Unique omnipotent finch

-Game 14 of "Colorful Western Europe 1 1 Country Tour"

Visiting Italy, whether in churches or museums, we often see some familiar names in exquisite works of art, among which Raphael, Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci may appear most frequently. They were the three most dazzling artistic superstars in the Italian art world at the peak of the European Renaissance, and were later called the "Three Masters" of the Renaissance. Among these "three outstanding artists", which one is it? Finch and Michelangelo are both Florentines, and Raphael is also closely related to Florence.

Leonardo da vinci, whose full name is Leonardo Di Ser Piero Da Vinci, is a famous Italian painter and scientist and one of the representatives of the Renaissance in Europe. Da? Finch is a strange man. He has never formally studied Latin, mathematics and geometry. Latin was the common language of Roman Catholicism in medieval Europe, and most academic papers were written in Latin. Mathematics and geometry are the basic tools of scientific research. Without formal study of Latin, mathematics and geometry, which one didn't become Ada? Obstacles for finch to engage in scientific research. It can be seen that he has mastered this knowledge in an extraordinary way. This does not make it an obstacle to scientific research. Da? Finch is knowledgeable, knowledgeable and versatile. He is an inventor, a physician, a biologist, a geographer, a musician, a philosopher, a poet, an architect and a military engineer. He is a unique all-rounder in human history. All his scientific research achievements are kept in his manuscript, which is about 15000 pages. Einstein read his manuscript and thought that if Leonardo da Vinci's scientific research achievements were published at that time, the world's scientific and technological progress could be advanced by half a century.

Leonardo da Vinci's self-portrait

On April 23rd, A.D. 1452, Leonardo da Vinci was born near the valley where the Arno River passes in the town of Finch in Tuscany, which is the territory of Florence under the rule of medici family. Leonardo da vinci's father Marcelo da Vinci is a very rich notary in Florence, his mother Catalina is a peasant woman, and leonardo da vinci is their illegitimate child. Leonardo doesn't have his own surname, but his full name means "Leonardo, son of Messer Piero in Finch". The "Arthur" in his name only shows that his father is a gentleman. Little is known about Leonardo da Vinci's childhood, except that he lived with his mother in his small town before he was five years old.

After the age of five, Leonardo lived in Finch with his father, grandparents and uncle. At the same time, his father married a woman of 16 years old. His stepmother loved Da Vinci very much, but she died young. When Da Vinci/Kloc-was 0/6 years old, his father married another 20-year-old woman. It was not until his father's third and fourth marriages that Leonardo da Vinci's father had a legitimate son.

The familiar image of Leonardo da Vinci basically comes from his famous self-portrait, so when it comes to Leonardo da Vinci, people always think of an elder as wise as a philosopher. In fact, when Leonardo da Vinci was young, he was a famous handsome man in Florence, Italy, and he was also gay.

Verrocchio's bronze David

The handsome and extraordinary bronze statue of David carved by Da Vinci's teacher, Vi Rocchio, is said to imitate the young Da Vinci. Leonardo da Vinci's teacher, verrocchio, inherited the fine tradition of Florence's democratic thought since15th century, and his works are full of realistic style. He took the lead in applying mathematics, perspective and anatomy to artistic practice. He is particularly familiar with anatomy, so his characterization is accurate and his artistic style is delicate and elegant. He trained a group of students, especially Botticelli, especially Da Vinci.

The most successful period of Leonardo da Vinci's artistic career was in Milan from 1482 to 1499. Leonardo da Vinci first became famous in Milan as a musician, not as a painter or inventor, because he was good at playing the lyre. During this period, his paintings were few, but his unparalleled talent was greatly favored by the Grand Duke of Milan, ludovico sforza.

In order to escape the war, Da Vinci traveled in mantua and Venice on 1499 and did some scientific research. Da Vinci returned to Florence in 1500 and began to write the Mona Lisa. Mona Lisa uses perspective painting. This painting was not completed by Leonardo da Vinci in one breath, but it took four years before and after. As a result, 500 years later, Mona Lisa's smile has still not been seen by people. Mona Lisa's name is well known because of a portrait of Leonardo da Vinci.

Mona is the abbreviation and honorific title of "Madame" in Italian during the Renaissance, so the literal translation of Mona Lisa's name should be "Madame Lisa". The person in the painting is Mrs Lisa, the wife of Florentine banker Francisco Gerado Giocondo. She was born in 1479 and painted by Leonardo da Vinci in 1503, when she was about 24 years old.

Leonardo da vinci only regards painting art as a way to know and express the world. Once he solved a difficult problem, he stopped caring and immediately went to explore another mystery. Leonardo da vinci doesn't want to be described as a "painter" or an "engineer", but only in the creation of beauty can he be satisfied. Leonardo da vinci spent four years painting the Mona Lisa, as if to prove how well one can do one thing. However, he keeps exploring new fields, which is more like proving how much a person can do in his life. He represents the Italian pursuit and creation of science, rationality and beauty from15th century to16th century.

Mona Lisa. Also known as LA GIOCONDA

Leonardo da vinci moved to Rome in 150 1, but for Leonardo, Rome was not a very pleasant place. He made a short stay there and met Michelangelo and other artists in Rome at that time, but he didn't show any artistic talent. He basically learned some magic there, so that the Romans regarded him as a wizard or something.

Leonardo da Vinci seldom painted in his later years and devoted himself to scientific research. When he died, he left a lot of notes and manuscripts, covering almost everything from physics, mathematics to biological anatomy. There are not many paintings he finished in his life, but each one is immortal. His works have obvious personal style and are good at combining artistic creation with scientific discussion, which is unique in the history of world art. Academics generally divide his creative activities into two stages: early stage and prosperous stage.

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo da vinci not only has a genius for painting, but also has a keen interest in science and profound attainments. There is no extreme phenomenon that science and art are mutually exclusive in Renaissance humanism. Leonardo da vinci delves into the fields of science and engineering, just as his works of art are unforgettable and impressive. About 65,438+05,000 pages of notes and paintings in the manuscript are records composed of a mixture of art and science. These records were constantly created by Leonardo da Vinci during his trip to Europe by observing the surrounding environment.

Left-handed Leonardo da Vinci wrote in mirror images all his life. For left-handed writers, it is easier to pull the pen from right to left than to push it from left to right, and it will not confuse the words just written. Therefore, his diary is mirror image. In science, Leonardo da Vinci is a meticulous observer, and he can express a phenomenon with very detailed descriptions. But it has not been verified by theory and experiment. Because of his lack of formal education in Latin and mathematics, most scholars in the same period did not pay attention to Leonardo da Vinci in the field of science. Contact anatomy of Da Vinci 15 years old. In the studio of Florence painter and sculptor and his teacher verrocchio, Leonardo da Vinci received various trainings: painting, sculpture and mechanical techniques, especially local anatomy. During his nearly 10 years in Rocchio Studio, Leonardo da Vinci studied the basic structure of the human body. After that, he dissected 30 human bodies of different sexes and ages, and prepared for the publication of anatomical works, producing more than 200 paintings. However, Da Vinci's book was not published as On Painting until AD 1680, that is, after his death 16 1 year.

Da? Chinese version of Finch's painting theory

Leonardo da Vinci not only cared about body structure, but also cared about physiological function, which made him an anatomist and physiologist. He actively looks for people with obvious physical defects as models in order to draw funny pictures to highlight the significance of physiological functions. It is worth mentioning that Da Vinci can draw and write at the same time.

Based on the study of human anatomy, Leonardo da Vinci designed the first robot in history. This robot, Da Vinci, may have been designed in 1495, but it was not discovered until 1950. Leonardo da vinci was fascinated by the phenomenon of flight. He made a detailed study of bird flight and planned several kinds of aircraft, including helicopter design drawings and light gliders. 1496 65438+1On October 3rd, he tested a homemade aircraft but failed.

In A.D. 1502, Leonardo da Vinci drew a sketch of a bridge with a single span of 240 meters for the civil engineering of Otto Sultan Bayeset II in Istanbul. This design intends to make the bridge cross the Golden Horn Bay at the mouth of Bosphorus. However, it was not realized because Bayset II thought it could not be built.

As Leonardo used to be a military engineer, his notes also included several designs of military machinery: machine guns, armed tanks pulled by manpower or horses, submunitions, military parachutes, diving suits made of pigskin with breathing hoses and so on. Later, however, he thought that war was the worst activity of mankind. Other inventions include submarines, gear devices interpreted as the first mechanical computer, and the first programmable mobile robot misunderstood as a clockwork device. In addition, during his years in the Vatican, Leonardo da Vinci planned to use solar energy and concave mirror to boil water. Unfortunately, most of Da Vinci's inventions were not realized before his death.

Leonardo da Vinci is called "the most perfect representative of the Renaissance" by modern scholars, and he is a unique generalist in human history. However, Leonardo da Vinci's greatest achievement was painting, but he didn't paint many. His works, such as Mona Lisa, The Last Supper and Our Lady in the Rock, reflect his exquisite artistic attainments. But the number of these works is not directly proportional to people's expectations of this outstanding master.

Leonardo da Vinci's oil painting "Madonna Rock"

When leonardo da vinci studied art in the workshop, he showed an extraordinary talent for painting. In his childhood, giorgio vasari, a biographer and painter of the Renaissance in the16th century, described such a thing: a local farmer made a shield for Leonardo da Vinci's father Del Piero to paint on. His son Leonardo da Vinci drew a monster with a burning tongue on it. This painting is lifelike, which makes people feel terrible. Piero sold it to an art institution in Florence, which in turn sold it to the Duke of Milan. Then Piero used the money earned from the transfer of the painting to buy the farmer a new shield with a red heart pierced by an arrow. This is the first account of Leonardo da Vinci's painting genius.

Verrocchio's oil painting "The Baptism of Christ"

Around the year 1470, when Leonardo da Vinci was assisting his teacher verrocchio to draw the picture of the baptism of Christ, although he only drew an angel kneeling beside Christ, his manner, expression and soft tone were obviously superior to that of verrocchio. It is said that verrocchio stopped painting for this reason.

Leonardo da Vinci's "pregnancy notice"

His earliest surviving work, Informing of Pregnancy, was independently completed by Leonardo da Vinci without the guidance of a teacher. Apart from a little free thinking, the scene of this painting was conceived by Leonardo da Vinci following the general perspective painting method. Later, the monastery of St. Bartolomeo, located in Olivette Peak, also ordered this work, and later created Guinevere Banchi, which was contrary to the tradition of15th century art pursuing clear lines and rendered the perspective effect advocated by him with the hue of sunset.

Oil painting Guinevere Half a Foot

148 1 is a work that marks the maturity of its artistic style. Although the painting was not finished because he went to Milan, it can be seen from the original manuscript that the artistic innovation in composition and image-building greatly surpassed that of his teachers and colleagues: the stable composition of the triangle composed of the virgin baby and three doctors, and the accurate perspective of the painted architectural relics and galloping horses show that he no longer simply lists the relevant figures from the narrative point of view, but completely transforms the traditional theme. The dark painting method he adopted made the characters stand out from the shadows, broke through the characteristics clearly revealed in traditional painting, and heralded the arrival of the Renaissance.

Oil painting "The doctor comes to worship"

In A.D. 1482, Leonardo da Vinci came to Milan, and at the invitation of St. Francis Church (now located in the Louvre), he painted the altar painting "Our Lady of the Rock". The Last Supper is the most famous work of his period. This wet mural shows the farewell scene of Christ to his disciples before his arrest and is painted on the dining room wall of Gracie Monastery in Milan. Its ingenious composition and unique layout make the hall on the screen closely connected with the building structure of the dining room in life, making the viewer feel that the scene in the painting seems to happen right in front of him. In the layout of characters, Christ is placed in the form of a table, which makes him independent from the center of the picture. Other disciples expressed fear, anger, doubt, repentance and panic through their different expressions and gestures. This description of typical personality highlights the theme of painting and complements the unified effect of composition, which is the most perfect model in the history of art.

Oil painting The Last Supper (partial)

At the end of15th century, she wrote The Woman with the Silver Rat for Cecilia Gallera, mistress of ludovico sforza, Duke of Milan. This is an outstanding portrait of Leonardo da Vinci, which embodies profound realistic skills. This exquisite portrait shows noble and quiet characters. The mink in the girl's arms is smooth and delicate, lifelike and full of vigor, which fully embodies Leonardo da Vinci's superb painting skills, while the realistic mink makes the picture vivid. The most striking thing about this portrait is the treatment of light and shade. The painter used light and shadow to set off Cecelia's elegant head and soft face. Both form and spirit make this portrait highly respected by the world.

The woman with the silver mouse

Leonardo da Vinci returned to Florence in 1500. With the restoration of the Republican system, the cultural atmosphere was once active, and outstanding figures such as Michelangelo and Raphael appeared in the painting world. Leonardo da vinci began to create the Madonna and Saint Anna and Saint John for the main altar of Lanzetta Cathedral. He showed the public a carefully conceived sketch of the Virgin and Santa Anna and St. John, which immediately caused a sensation. Its composition principle and painting method have a great influence on the art world, and Michelangelo and Raphael are also inspired by it.

The Virgin and Santa Anna

From 1503, Leonardo da Vinci began to paint the mural "Battle of Anglia" for Florence City Hall, and also created "Mona Lisa and Notre Dame" and "Santa Anna and St. John". Together with St. John the Baptist, these two paintings have become Leonardo da Vinci's most cherished works and have been with him all the time. They stayed in Paris after moving to France in their later years.

1499 Before returning to Florence, the French army invaded Milan, and Leonardo da Vinci moved to Venice to escape the war. After a few months' detention, I arrived in mantua the following year and painted several portraits for a local countess, who was keen on literature and art and widely appreciated art treasures. One of the sketches is quite similar to the silhouette of his later Mona Lisa. 1500 In April, when Leonardo da Vinci returned to his hometown of Florence, he learned that the main altar of Lanzetta Cathedral needed an altar painting, and he expressed his willingness to complete this task. The monks excitedly invited Da Vinci's family to the church and treated them warmly, but Da Vinci didn't write for a long time. Isn't this da? The first time Finch broke his promise was in Da? This happens from time to time in Finch's life.

Finally, he finished a sketch, that is, the Virgin and Santa Anna. This sketch is based on the tone of seeking characters. The painter brought Santa Anna, Mary, Christ and John the Baptist together as harmonious family members. The theme of the group portrait is the dialogue between Santa Anna and the Virgin Mary, which expresses a kind of affection. Because the characters have delicate feelings, overlapping bodies also give people a sense of intimacy.

Leonardo da vinci entered France on 15 16 at the invitation of French king Francois I. In da? During his tenure in the French court, the young French king gave him enough respect, honor and creative freedom. Francois I loved art, especially Italian Renaissance artists. It is said that it reached that year? Finch rode a mule, crossed the Alps and arrived in central France, carrying unfinished paintings with him.

Francois I gave him the highest reception, placed him at crookes Manor in Amboise Castle, and asked him for advice from time to time. Da? Finch spent the last days of his life in Crewe Castle. He drew a sketch of his invention in a sketch book, designed a palace garden for the king, and put the finishing touches to his great works such as Mona Lisa.

18 18 French painter Angel in Da? Finch's death depicts da? Finch's death in the arms of Francois I showed their deep friendship. In fact, da? When Finch died, Francois I was still directing the war at the front. Da? After Finch's death, Sarai, his closest assistant, became the heir to the estate. Francois, I bought Da from him? Finch's legacy, these paintings are now in the Louvre collection.

A painting by French painter Angel.

"up to? Finch's death

On May 2nd, A.D. 15 19, Da Vinci died of illness. His favorite student, Francisco Merz, who entrusted him with all his paintings and a large number of manuscripts before his death, said: "The death of Leonardo da Vinci is everyone's loss, and the creator is unable to recreate a genius like him." "God sometimes endows a person with beauty, elegance and talent, making his actions superior, indicating that his genius comes from God rather than from human strength. That's what Leonardo did. His elegance and grace are unparalleled, and his wisdom can solve all problems. " This is a tribute to Da Vinci by Renaissance biographer vasari.

Leonardo da vinci has never been married, let alone have children. Some people say that his unmarried status is related to his unmarried status, which is far-fetched. Although leonardo da vinci was an illegitimate child and never became the legal heir of his father, his family had already accepted him, and he spent his childhood with his grandfather and uncle. Moreover, Da Vinci studied early and made remarkable artistic achievements. This was very popular during the Renaissance, when people valued erudition and knowledge. More importantly, from Da? Finch's self-portrait and his teacher made a bronze statue of David based on him. Finch is a thoroughly handsome man. With his unique talent, winning the hearts of the opposite sex is by no means an insurmountable gap. Therefore, Leonardo da Vinci's lifelong unmarried must have something else to hide.

In A.D. 1476, one week before Leonardo da Vinci's 24th birthday, he and three other young people were anonymously accused of having sex with a male prostitute, Jakob Sa Tarelli, who was 17 years old. Fortunately, another defendant of Leonardo da Vinci had contact with the powerful medici family, and both of them were released without further charges. But a few weeks later, another anonymous lawsuit was filed against these four people, this time related to Tarelli. But no witness came forward to testify, and the case was rejected forever.

Although the punishment for rape was severe at that time, many outstanding Florentine artists were famous for their homosexual status, including Donatello, sandro botticelli and Benvenuto Serigny. When Renaissance humanists were busy rediscovering Plato's works, which praised "masculinity", homosexuality became a fact of life in Florence, so that the word Florence became a slang for homosexuality in Germany.

In AD 19 10, in an article, sigmund freud analyzed the childhood memories recorded by Leonardo da Vinci in his notes, and thought that the artist's repressed homosexual desire was "sublimated" in his works of art, and explained why he left so many unfinished works.

Da? Finch had several young lovers in his life. Two years after the rape charge, he drew a face-to-face graffiti of an old man and a little boy in his notebook. "Florence is my favorite friend", he wrote, "Painting as if he were me …" The unfinished sentence implied the real intimacy between the two.

Oil painting St. John Baptist Church

Leonardo da Vinci's sexual preference is also reflected in his sketches and paintings. His interest in male bodies far exceeds that of female bodies. For example, his "St. John Baptist Church" is considered to imitate the nickname of his long-time apprentice and gossip lover, meaning "little devil".

Leonardo seems satisfied with his desires-unlike Michelangelo, Michelangelo was troubled by his sexual orientation. Isaacson reminded people that Leonardo da Vinci's homosexuality "may have led to his unconventional feelings." Like many other aspects of his life, this difference made Da Vinci unique. His outsider status endowed him with unique creativity, as well as groundbreaking paintings and experimental works, which made him such an outstanding figure today.

Leonardo da Vinci's most suspicious homosexual tendencies came from his favorite student, Francisco Mertz. He was born in a noble family in Milan, Lombardy, and received a good education, including art training. In literary works, Francisco is described as charming and elegant. He has great artistic talent and works hard. When Leonardo da Vinci first met Francisco on 1505, he was attracted by his kind nature and handsome appearance. Shortly after they met, Francisco began to study and work in Leonardo da Vinci's studio. Francisco soon stood out from other students and became Leonardo da Vinci's favorite and most loyal student. Francisco was the only student who accompanied Da Vinci until his death. He is considered to be the first person to collect, organize and save Leonardo da Vinci's painting notes and turn them into manuscripts.

Since Francisco became an apprentice in Leonardo da Vinci's studio, his life has mainly revolved around his master, and he has basically devoted his life to him. Leonardo da Vinci likes Francisco just as his father likes his son. Two people live so close and care so much about each other that there is a theory that Leonardo and Francisco are engaged in a romantic homosexual relationship. However, these theories have no conclusive evidence, and they have been refuted to a great extent, indicating that their relationship has never extended to Platonic or family-like emotions. A brain expert said that Leonardo da Vinci may have difficulty completing the famous paintings Mona Lisa and Pilgrimage of Three Doctors because of his attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Marco Carta Nye, a professor of neuroanatomy and psychiatry at King's College London, has been studying the incidence and treatment of ADHD all his life. He believes that the symptoms of ADHD are consistent with the records of Leonardo da Vinci's strange behavior in history books. According to the article, this learned master of the Renaissance is notorious for his long delay, and he often starts the next painting before one painting is completed.

According to biographers and da? According to Finch's contemporaries, Leonardo da Vinci was a visionary, easily distracted and rarely finished his creation on time. 148 1 year, at most? Finch was also commissioned to draw a panel for the main altar of Santonato Church in the suburb of Florence. But he gave up the job six months later. The Unfinished Pilgrimage of the Three Doctors is now in uffizi gallery, Florence.

Catani said: "Although it is impossible to make an autopsy diagnosis of people 500 years ago, I believe that ADHD is the most convincing reason why Leonardo da Vinci is difficult to complete his paintings, and it is also the most scientific and reasonable assumption." Catani said: "Historical records show that Leonardo da Vinci spent a lot of time planning his work, but he lacked perseverance. ADHD may explain Leonardo da Vinci's various temperament and his strange and changeable talent. "

According to the article, Leonardo da Vinci, like many ADHD patients, had little sleep and could work all night just by taking a nap.

Records show that he is left-handed and has difficulty reading. These two conditions are very common in ADHD patients.

According to the article, ADHD is an abnormal behavior, which is characterized by persistent procrastination, inability to complete tasks, distraction and mental and physical irritability. Although ADHD is usually found in childhood, now more and more adults are diagnosed with ADHD, including college students and successful people. However, this diagnosis may also explain Leonardo da Vinci's amazing creativity and quick thinking.

Katani said that ADHD also has a positive impact. For example, distracted thoughts may stimulate creativity and innovation. Einstein, Edison and Galileo all had symptoms of ADHD. He also said: "There is a common misunderstanding that ADHD represents a child with abnormal behavior and low IQ, and his life is doomed to be bumpy."

Da in his later years? Sparrows

Da? Finch was diagnosed as ADHD by Marco Carta, a professor of neuroanatomy and psychiatry at King's College London, which is hard to accept. But what if you reach it? It is true that Finch has become elegant, energetic and gifted because of ADHD, so this is encouraging news for parents of ADHD children. From now on, you don't have to worry too much about your child's ADHD. Even if the child was not cured as a child, it doesn't matter. Maybe one day, he will become the leader of China? Finch.