The origin of hundred surnames

The origin of the surname? China people's surnames have a long history. It is said that they originated from Archaean matriarchal clan society, and Fu began to take their surnames as his own surnames. However, surnames and surnames in the pre-Qin period are two different concepts. Surnames originated from matriarchal clan society and are the names of the same clan group, while surnames are branches of surnames, which indicate the names of tribal branches and are used to distinguish future generations. Due to population explosion, relocation, changes in identity skills, etc. Some tribes can be divided and these tribes are clans. History is the representative and title of the aristocratic clan system. Before Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, most men were called Shi. Women often call their surnames, such as Confucius, so they are surnames. Kong is the surname, Qiu is the first name. Because men call them by their surnames, they are called Kong Qiu, not Qiu Zi.

Surnames mainly come from four aspects:

First, from the land and surname, the son of heaven is the person who gives the surname Ming. The Yellow Emperor created twelve surnames for his twenty-five sons. The history of Tao Tang was later sealed in Liu Di, and his descendants took Liu Wei's surname.

The second is to take the place of birth as the surname. The Yellow Emperor was born in Shouqiu and grew up in Jishui, so he took Ji as his surname.

Third, surnames are titles and official positions. Wang Shaozi of Chuzhuang became an official doctor, and his descendants took the official as their surname.

The fourth is to get a surname because of something or other reasons.

Tian, the prime minister of the Han dynasty, was old, and he was called the prime minister of the car when he went in and out by car. Later generations took the car as their surname. Ge is an ancient surname, originally from Langya counties, and later moved to Yang Du, where there used to be a Ge, and then moved to another Ge. Therefore, when there were more people surnamed Ge, they called them Zhuge to show the difference, and from then on, there was Zhuge's compound surname.

Due to the development of tribes and the doubling of population, the names of surnames have gradually increased. A surname can be divided into many surnames, and a surname breeds more surnames, so surnames are not fixed. In fact, the unification or basic stability of surnames began in the Han Dynasty. Shortly after Qin destroyed the six countries, Han unified the world. As an important symbol of maintaining the patriarchal clan system of the Zhou royal family, the system of distinguishing surnames also died with the complete collapse of the royal family. At this point, China people's surnames are combined into one, not surnames, surnames, or both. Actually, they all take male surnames instead. This shows that all future generations are descendants of male surnames, just as Gu said in Rizhilu in the Ming Dynasty: people below the Warring States period take their surnames as surnames, and surnames since the Yellow Emperor are all dead. Surnames began to be mixed from Taishigong, and surnames became a bond to maintain tradition and a symbol to unite clans. Therefore, respecting and honoring ancestors has become a traditional virtue of the Chinese nation for thousands of years, and it is also a guarantee for safeguarding the reunification of the motherland. It's hard to imagine a China person becoming a patriot if he doesn't even love and respect his tenants and his parents.

Today, foreigners from China who have migrated to other places for hundreds of thousands of years are still obsessed with their motherland, ancestral home and ancestors, and often come to China to seek roots and worship their ancestors. Their genealogy is also clearly recorded, for example, the genealogy of Harada family, a descendant of Liu Bang in Japan: the lineage of Emperor Gaozu, what exists in a strict sense, can be obtained even if you don't want to cry, and you miss the country of China since the Han Dynasty. It's been more than 2400 years, and it's been a long time since I confessed to the thirteenth and fourteenth dynasties. In the meantime, the two countries had ups and downs, but they both longed for the prosperity of the Han Dynasty. They often miss the old country where our ancestors ruled the country, and they are eager to avoid the forbidden area. So they published their own genealogy, which is the basis of their genealogy and reported the virtue of Emperor Gaozu.

According to legend, the earliest origin of surnames is related to the totem worship of primitive people. Clan tribes not only worship totem as a god, but also regard it as the unified clan name. In primitive tribes, totem, clan name and ancestor name are often the same. Over time, the name of totem has evolved into the symbol of all members of the same clan-surname. There are many legends about the evolution of totem into surname. According to textual research, the monarch of Yelang Kingdom is the king of bamboo, and the subjects take bamboo as their totem, and their surname is bamboo. According to historical records, there were foxes and snakes in Jin, dogs in Han, wolves and deer flags in Three Kingdoms and leopards in Three Kingdoms. Through these strange names and surnames with the same names as animals and plants, such as Luo, tiger, ant, cow, sheep, bird, dragon, bamboo, dragon, tea and chrysanthemum, we can vaguely see the indelible historical imprint of totem worship on the origin of surnames.

The formation of surnames is not only closely related to totems, but also closely related to women. Archaeological data show that there are less than 30 surnames in the bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty, but most of them come from women, such as Jiang, Yao, Si, Ji, Wa, maid, pregnant, concubine, kindness and win. Not only ancient surnames are mostly related to the word "female", but even the word "surname" itself comes from female ...

The origin of Gao surname: the origin of surname

Gao (Gāo) surname has four sources:

1, from Jiang. According to New Tang Book? According to the Prime Minister's Pedigree Table, Yuan He's Compilation, Guang Yun and other materials, the eighth Jiang Taigong Sun Xi was given a high surname by his grandfather and son for his contribution to Qi Huangong. According to legend, Emperor Yan Shennong took Jiang as his surname because he lived in. Yan Di 16 Sun Jiang Boyi assisted Dayu in water control, and was named Lu Hou, so his descendants also took Lu as their surname. Jiang Shang, Jiang Boyi, the 37th generation grandson of Jiang Taigong, also known as Lu Shang, helped to destroy the Shang Dynasty and was sealed in Qi. Qi Chuan went to Sun Wengong and Lv Chi, the seventh squire, and Chiyou's son was sealed in Gaoyi, called Gongzi Gao. According to the aristocratic etiquette of the Zhou Dynasty, his grandson was made history and had a high title. When Gao was in the state of Qi, Gao's son was named the monarch, that is. Gao became the ancestor of the Gao family in Bohai. Sun, the sixth brother, was pushed out by Gong and Gong Sun in Qi State and went out to run Yan State. Sun Gaohong, the tenth son of Gao Zhi, was the Lord of Bohai Sea in the Eastern Han Dynasty. As a result, the Gaos in Bohai began to multiply and became the largest Gaos group.

2, from the word Wang Fu as the surname. According to Tongzhi? According to the introduction of genealogy, the son of Qi Huigong was called Gongzi Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period, and later generations took the word as their surname. For Shandong high. Qi: Yes, son.

3. The compound surname is simplified from the word "Gao". Such as the family of Gaoche, the family of Gaotang, the family of Levin and the family of Gaoling.

Judging from his surname. According to the Book of the Northern Qi Dynasty, during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, Emperor Murong Yun of Houyan claimed to be a descendant of Levin, so he changed his surname, and his descendants changed their surname to Shan, which was called Gao. During the Northern Qi Dynasty, Levin, Wen Xuandi gave the Xianbei people an and Yuan the title of Xianbei people, followed by Yuan, the Han surname, who was named "Gao" because of his meritorious service in the Northern Qi Dynasty. Murong of Xianbei and Zhen Shi of Korea were later changed to Gao Shi; In Wei Dynasty, the Xianbei people had Lou's family, which was later changed to Gao's. Jurchen Shilie and Shi, Manchu Gaojia, Tong Jiashi and Jews who entered Kaifeng in the Northern Song Dynasty all changed their surnames to Gao. In the Northern Qi Dynasty, Gao Longzhi's surname was Xu. Because of his father's friendship with Gao Huan, he changed his surname to Gao.

Ancestor: Gao Xi. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Sun Wengong and Lv Chi, the son of Jiang Taigong VI, were named Gongzi Gao in Gaoyi (now southwest of Yuzhou City, Henan Province). Gao's son and his son are good friends. At that time, Sun started civil strife in the age of ignorance and killed him. Unite the ministers to quell the civil strife, make Sun ignorant, and make his son a monarch, that is, later. Because of his meritorious service in quelling the chaos, he was named Shangqing, and Gao, the son of his grandfather, was named Gao. So the surname Gao was born. As the ancestor of Gao, he was respected and loved by generations of descendants.

Second, migration distribution.

Although Gao originated in Henan today, Gao was mostly in Qilu after the Spring and Autumn Period. According to historical records, from the Warring States to the Qin and Han Dynasties, the surname Gao may have moved to Hebei, Liaoning and other places. During the Qin and Han dynasties, with the separation and integration of the political situation, the population moved frequently, and the high surname gradually moved in Haihe River basin, the upper and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Huaihe River basin and the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. During the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, wars were frequent, and people with high surnames moved to the south on a large scale, and the "Guangling" county was formed during this period. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was recorded that Chen and his son led the army to explore Henan County, among which Gao participated, and Gao Gang, a member of Henan Gao surname, moved to Fujian (now Fujian Province). At this time, Dezhou (now Jingxian County, Hebei Province) was still the main settlement of Gao's surname since the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Five Dynasties, people from Shi Xia, Shaanxi Province (now Sanmenxia City, Henan Province) established Nanping State in Jiangling Prefecture (now Jingzhou City, Hubei Province). Gao, a native of Taiyuan (now Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province), went to Sichuan as an official during the post-Shu regime. During this period, there were activities of people with high surnames in Jiangnan and Jiangbei. In the Song Dynasty, Gao moved from the Central Plains to the south of the Yangtze River to escape the war. For example, the descendants of Gao Qiong in Kaifeng settled in Haining, Lin 'an, Wenzhou and Yin Shan, and he Fei Gao Che settled in Jinling. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, people with high surnames were mostly concentrated in the southeast, especially in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Today, Gao surnames are mainly distributed in Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Yunnan and other places. In the history of China, 65,438+04 people were crowned king, and the regimes of Beiqi, Yan and Jingnan were established. Gao is the first surname in China, with a large population, accounting for 1.2 1% of the Han population in China.

Third, historical celebrities.

Gao Chai: A native of Shandong today, a native of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period. One of the seventy-two disciples of Confucius, he was excellent in character and learning.

Gao Yang: A native of Jingxian County, Hebei Province, the son of Gao Huan, was in charge of the Eastern Wei regime for many years and established the Northern Qi Dynasty on behalf of the Eastern Wei Dynasty. Six emperors of Northern Qi lived for twenty-eight years.

Gao Shi: a poet in the Tang Dynasty, as famous as Cen Can ... >>

What are the top eight surnames? They are: Zhao Gan Sun, Wu's Hundred Family Names, which is an article about China's surname. According to documents, it was written in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty. There were 4 1 1 surnames, which increased to 568, including 444 single surnames and 24 compound surnames. "Hundred Surnames" uses four fonts to arrange surnames, and the sentences rhyme. Although its content is not artistic, it has played a great role in the inheritance of China surname culture and the understanding of China characters, which is also an important factor for its spread for thousands of years. Hundreds of surnames, together with San and Qian, are also called "three thousand", which is an enlightenment book for children in ancient China.

What is the ranking of Baijia surname (pronounced stone and pool)? The surname is146th in China, with a large population, accounting for about 0.077% of the Han population in China. The current rare surname. Surnames are widely distributed, including Beijing, Tianjin Wuqing, Jiangsu Lianyungang Donghai, Jiangsu Xuzhou Peixian, Jiangsu Yangzhou, Inner Mongolia Wuhai, Hebei Shangyi, Jize, Fuping, Shandong Pingyi, Henan Xinzheng, Kaifeng, Xingyang, Luohe, Yuzhou, jia county, Lushan, Xuchang, Changyuan, Nanyang, Anhui Bengbu, Hunan Zhijiang and Guangxi Tianlin. Han, Manchu and Lisu all have this surname. Mencius is sometimes full of sages and books; New theories are sometimes agricultural; Sometimes Miao, Julu people, Shouchun order in Han Dynasty; Sometimes in the Tang Dynasty, Pu was from Pengcheng and Wuning was our envoy. Song dynasty was sometimes green; Sometimes in the Ming dynasty; Sometimes, Rui, Shao Wuren and Changsha Prefecture pass sentences.

The origin of the hundred surnames: At that time, it belonged to the matriarchal clan society where only the mother knew her father. At first, the surname Zi was a good name. Later, when I transferred to the patriarchal society, I removed my surname. This is the origin of the surname. The son's surname is 4,000 years, and the reputation of China is spread. Yin Qi was named Shang Dynasty because of the son of the Yellow Emperor. Xia is, Shang is the emperor and Zhou is the duke.

Families with surname Zi account for 10% to 20% of the total population of Han nationality in China. > Li > There are five articles that record the history of our ancestors. > medium >, gt; There are detailed historical events. Yin Ruins in Anyang used to be one of the capitals of our ancestors. Once upon a time, there was a country with a history of 13400 years on the historical stage of China.

Among hundreds of surnames, there is the origin of surnames.

The origin of Huan (Xun, Huán) surname is very simple, and there is only one origin:

After thinking of the prince, he took the country name as his surname. According to the surname code, the seventeenth son Jipu was made an earl in Miao (now Lincheng, Shanxi Province), known as Miao Bo and Miao Hou in history, and established Miao State (Xun Yin Xun). During the Spring and Autumn Period, it was destroyed by the State of Jin, and later generations took the State surname Bian as their surname, which was called Bian.

Ancestor of surname: Huan Hou. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Wenwang enfeoffed his seventeenth son, Jipu, to the ancient Huan Hou, whose capital was in the west of Xinjiang. South of Shanxi Province, west of Qinhe River and east of Sushui River, originally belonged to the territory of the ancient kingdom. The ancient country in history was finally destroyed by Emperor Wu of Jin. Later, Han, Zhao and Wei were divided into Jin. Wei was in Anyi and later moved to Daliang (now Luoyang, Henan). The capital of South Korea was originally in Quwo, and later it was xiang yuan (now Changzhi City), while the capital of Zhao was in Handan. According to Tongzhi? According to the Genealogy, it is the descendant of Zhou Wenwang's seventeenth son Chiyou, taking the country as his surname. Later, some people took the grass beside the city as Xun's. So Huan and Xun have the same surname. The state of Jin has a son Geng, the son of his son, and his descendants are called Kuang. The descendants are divided into Xun's family, BOC's family and Zhi's family. "So, the descendants of Kuai and Xunshi respect Kuai Hou as the ancestor of Xunshi.

Second, migration distribution.

(Part of it) Bian surname is rare today, and the population proportion is very small. According to the records of Bian Shi's genealogy, one branch (the 17th branch) moved to Huangxian County and started its genealogy, which is what you said. In the twenty-fourth year of Qianlong (1759), the eighth generation of Sun moved to Qingzhou to continue the genealogy, and Bianyoulong was the third generation of Bianshi. According to genealogical records, his family moved from Zaoqiang County in North Zhili to Qingzhou Prefecture in Shandong Province. Because of the war (the battle of Ming Yingzong Civil Fort), only Duogong stayed, and the rest disappeared, giving birth to two sons. There is also a surname called Huan Mo, which began in the Tang Dynasty and used to be Huan (Xún sounds for ten days). From the Yellow Emperor's surname Ji, his seventeenth son, and his seventeenth emperor. Because of his meritorious service in managing various governors, he was named Xún in Yixian, Shanxi Province, which is now Linyi County, Shanxi Province. Those who entered the Tang Dynasty and became famous because of their contributions to the imperial court were all named Hu, who was the founder of this family. Since then. Bian Shi in the Qing and Zhou Dynasties was not a Hongwu immigrant in the early Ming Dynasty, but came from Hebei because of the war. According to the genealogy "Tracing the Origin of Bian's Family", Qingzhou Bian's family is a famous family, with more than 10 Jinshi and many officials at or above the provincial level, so it is scattered in many aspects (omitted). Pingyang County (southwest of Linfen City, Shanxi Province) lived a noble family named Wang.

Third, historical celebrities.

Bian Yue: Yi Yue, a native of Taiyuan in the Western Han Dynasty (the sound of Xún is ten days), was a courtier. Together with his brother Bian Xiang, he introduced the filial piety of the county and Cai Mao. He once distributed the wealth left by his ancestors to the nine clans, and people praised him for his noble morality.

Mo Mo: Juan, a native of Jinzhou in Tang Dynasty. During the Dali period, the prime minister was authoritarian, bribing and extravagant, and it was stipulated that the discussion should be reported to the prime minister step by step before it could be played by the emperor. Momo tied up her hair with hemp, holding a bamboo barnyard grass (Si ì, a square bamboo utensil for holding rice or clothes) and a reed mat, and crying while walking on Chang 'an Avenue. When asked, he said, "I have thirty words for the emperor. If not, hold my body with this bamboo raft, wrap it in a reed mat and throw it away. " When Dai Zong heard about it, he summoned him, clothed him and lived in Neck province. He offered those 30 words, each of which told one thing, mostly Yuan Zai's crimes. Later, Yuan Zai was killed because of his great influence.

Fourth, the county hall number

Wang Jun 1

Pingyang County: Pingyang, where Hedong County was located during the Three Kingdoms period, is equivalent to the Fenhe River basin south of Huoxian County in Shanxi Province and its western region today. Pingyang before Sui Dynasty was in the southwest of Linfen City, Shanxi Province. Since the Sui Dynasty, in Linfen today.

2. Hall number (missing)

The first surname of a hundred families is Zhao, so the last surname is Fu.

surname

money

granddaughter

plum

week

A country in the Zhou dynasty

surname

king

surname

Chenwangchao

silk floss

protect

ginger

Short name of Shenyang/surname

surname

white poplar

bright red

surname

special

allow

what

surname

Zhang (surname)

hole

Chief administrative officer

strict

turn the soil

golden

Wei State (AD 220-265)

pottery

energy

relative

thank

The country of Zhou dynasty

hole

children

The abbreviation of Suzhou/Jiangsu Province/Soviet Union/a surname

entangled relations

leaf

surname

model

surname

dear

Another name/surname/rudeness in Shandong Province

leather

horse

seedling

flower

square

licence

let

Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)

willow

abalone

history

the Tang Dynasty

expense

high mountain

worried

thunder

congratulate

begin

soup

teng

dark red

collect

uniform

surname

end

safe

often

what

bend

teacher

The last one is Fu.

Please adopt ~ ~ ~ ~ Thank you.

Do you have a last name? Do you want a surname?

ask

yáo

surname

Source: Comrade Zheng and Comrade Xu are recorded in the genealogy.

1. Zheng Qiao wrote: "After Wu people leave, I hope to see Lu." Take the first name as the surname.

2. Tibetans also have this surname.

Distribution: Tianjin Wuqing, Hubei Honghu, Liaoning Qingyuan, Hebei Xinji, Fuping, Shexian, Huanghua, Jize, Henan Yima, Shanxi Taiyuan, Taigu, Yuci, Yangquan, Shaanxi Hancheng, Qinghai Tianjun and Shandong Guantao.

Celebrity:

Be careful, Han.

Ting Zhen, from the Tang Dynasty. Respect, Yuan Dynasty people. Embroidery, Ming people; Chenghua's daughter is a fairy princess, and she worships Guanglu Department. Yao Yi, a native of Ming Dynasty, is a magistrate of a county.

Farewell, in the late Spring and Autumn Period, there was an assassin named Farewell in the State of Wu. According to legend, he was recommended by Wu Zixu to the monarch of the State of Wu, trying to assassinate Qing Ji, the son of the State of Wu who lived in Wei. Ask the prince of Wu to cut off his right hand, kill his wife and children, pretend to have enemies with the prince of Wu, and flee the country. After arriving in Weiguo, he pretended to tell him how to attack and destroy the State of Wu, so as to gain his trust. Later, he really cheated the trust. While crossing the river with Qing Ji, he assassinated Qing Ji and committed suicide. People who want to become monks take "Yao" as their surname.

Is there a surname among hundreds of surnames? Yes

There are four sources of Ke surname. The first one originated from the surname Jiang, and came from Qingke after Qi Huangong celebrated his father in the Spring and Autumn Period. The second kind originated from Xianbei nationality, from the clan tribe of Xianbei nationality in ancient times during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, and belonged to the sinicization and surname change. The third one originated from Manchu, from Nuzhen Nake tribe in Jin Dynasty, and the clan name was renamed after localization. The fourth one originated from the Mongols, originated from the Bakqinna clan in Mongolia since ancient times, and belongs to the clan name of the Han dynasty.

Celebrities of past dynasties

Ke Zhongzheng: (Date of birth and death to be tested), a famous remonstrator in Tang Dynasty.

Ke Mao: (life and death to be tested), a famous minister in Song Dynasty.

Shaoxing literati in song dynasty.

Ke Yingpei: (year of birth and death to be tested), from Guangyuan, Sichuan. Famous Shanghai Sino-Soviet Friendship Association, painter.

Ke Hu Axiang: born in Cangxi, Sichuan.

Minister of collective work quality department of China Railway Construction Corporation.

Ke Xiaoyu: (A.D. 1942 ~ present), born in Ya 'an, Sichuan.

There are two main sources of Mo You's surname, one is from the State of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to legend, the descendant of Yes moved from the State of Jin to the State of Qin as prime minister, hence the surname. The other is from Chu State in the same period. It was named by two famous people: Wang, who was born in a public family, and Yang, a doctor of Chu State. Their descendants are all named after Yin.

Historically, Changsha and other counties were formed by surnames. Famous historical figures include: Zhang You, the satrap of Changsha in the Han Dynasty, Xiangguang Country in the Plain, Qin Long Jinshi Youlimen in the Ming Dynasty, and Zhou Zhiyou Jiufeng in Qinzhou, etc. It is widely distributed in contemporary times and has a certain population among Manchu, Mongolian and other ethnic groups.