What are the key processes of PPP projects?

I. Pre-project preparation stage In PPP mode, the pre-project preparation stage includes two parts: project initiation and project preparation.

1. Project Initiation The main contents of the project initiation stage include start-up preparation and preliminary investigation, including setting up a project implementation team, making an overall work plan, and conducting project investigation. Implementing PPP mode is a systematic project, which is complex and highly professional. First, a PPP project implementation team should be set up, led by the municipal government, and the planning, construction, land, development and reform, finance, auditing, SASAC, legislative affairs office and other departments should form a leading group; The second is to formulate specific work implementation plans, clarify the division of responsibilities, objectives and tasks, and implement work plans; Third, according to the overall urban planning and recent construction planning, the government should organize relevant departments or institutions to sort out the proposed new projects and stock projects in the urban infrastructure field, decide on the list of specific projects that can be operated through PPP mode, and build a PPP project library.

2. Project preparation The work in the project preparation stage is mainly the research and preparation of the project planning implementation plan, including the following nine aspects: First, hire a consulting team; The second is the project agreement; The third is to carry out the preliminary demonstration of the project and determine the project scope and implementation content (project construction scale, main content and total investment); Fourth, communicate in the early stage, study the project mode, design the project structure and prepare the project implementation plan; Fifth, the main commercial principles of the design project; Sixth, financial analysis, preparation of financial model; The seventh is to determine the methods and principles of investor comparison (determine the conditions and abilities that investors should have and the bidding methods; The main rights and obligations of both parties; Eighth, organize relevant units to discuss the plan; Nine is the publicity and approval of the implementation plan. In the initial stage of project implementation, it is necessary to consider whether the project can be financed and financially affordable, and to evaluate the efficiency comparison between the traditional method and PPP method, analyze whether the project is suitable for PPP method, and draw up the project agreement. Hire a professional consulting organization to study the project model, design the project structure and prepare the project implementation plan. The key is to design the main business principles of the project, conduct financial analysis and prepare the financial model. Organize experts to demonstrate the project implementation plan, and report to the municipal government for approval and the Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development for the record.

2. Project bidding stage The project bidding stage includes three parts: agreement preparation, competitive procedure and agreement signing.

1. Detailed study on the preparation of agreement documents, including the study and analysis of the technical and commercial boundary conditions of the project (such as: calculation of investment and operating costs and benefits, total repurchase price, repurchase period and method, arrangement of repurchase funds sources and payment plan); Implement the division of construction content and investment scope (investment construction period, project quality requirements and regulatory measures); Study and prepare legal documents such as project agreement (project handover methods and procedures, project performance guarantee measures, project risks and countermeasures, etc.); Implement the bidding conditions.

2. Competitive procedures mainly include releasing project information; The bidder prepares the bidding documents; Formulate bid evaluation standards, bid evaluation rules and bid evaluation procedures; Set up a bid evaluation working group to open bids and organize bid evaluation; Prepare the bid evaluation report and recommend candidates; Clarify negotiations with candidates.

3. Before signing the agreement, the project agreement shall be initialled. The winning bidder shall handle the relevant matters concerning the establishment of the project company within the agreed time, and the government shall cooperate with the completion of asset delivery and project approval, and formally sign a contract with the project company.

third, the project implementation stage includes two parts: project construction and project operation.

1. Project construction: First, the project company signs formal contracts with various joint units, including loan contracts, design contracts, construction contracts, insurance contracts and other consulting and management contracts. Secondly, the project company organizes relevant units to carry out project development. In the process of development, the government and relevant departments supervise the process of project development, communicate with the project company in time in case of non-conformity with the contract, and determine the responsible subject. After the acceptance and trial operation of the project is qualified, the development stage ends and the project enters the operation stage.

2. The project operation government and the project company sign a franchise agreement to stipulate the franchise period. During the whole project operation, the project company shall operate and maintain the project facilities according to the requirements of the agreement. In order to ensure the operation and maintenance of the project according to the agreement, the government, lenders, investors and social residents all have the right to supervise the project.

iv. The termination of the contract is the last stage of the project operation, including the handover of the project and the dissolution of the project company.

1. after the project transfer franchise expires, the project company shall transfer the project management right (or both ownership and management right) to the government. At the time of handover, the government should pay attention to whether the project is in good operation and maintenance, so as to ensure the continuous operation of the project and the quality of service provision.

2. after the liquidation project of the project company is handed over, the business of the project company will be suspended. Therefore, the project company should go through liquidation, cancellation and other related procedures with the relevant departments according to the contract requirements and relevant regulations. Through the above description, do you think that the PPP project process and the implementation process of the construction project are still relatively similar? During the implementation of PPP, I believe that the traditional architectural consulting service industry can find a suitable new business direction. You have long-term experience in project implementation, a lot of experience in cost consulting and cost data accumulation. At the same time, if the traditional architectural industry can use the indicator cloud engineering cost data accumulation and analysis system built by the powerful big data cloud computing platform to build a complete systematic and long-term system of data, knowledge and experience, I believe that even in the face of more complicated PPP projects, you can definitely find a quick way to get started.