Information about Shandong Province

Abbreviated as Lu.

It is located on the eastern coast of China, on the lower reaches of the Yellow River.

The territory includes two parts, the peninsula and the interior.

The eastern Jiaodong Peninsula protrudes from the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, confronting Liaodong Peninsula across the sea; the inland part borders Hebei, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces from north to south.

The whole territory is about 700 kilometers wide from east to west and 420 kilometers long from north to south, covering an area of 153,300 square kilometers.

Administrative divisions The capital of Shandong Province is Jinan.

There are 14 prefecture-level cities, 32 county-level cities and 63 counties.

Population, Ethnicity, Religion, Customs In 1994, the population was 86.71 million, ranking third in the country after Sichuan and Henan provinces.

Shandong's population distribution is relatively concentrated, with densely populated plains, relatively sparsely populated mountains and hills, and the most sparsely populated coastal areas of the Yellow River Delta.

Shandong is a province of mixed and scattered ethnic minorities, with 53 ethnic minorities, including ***, Manchu, Mongolian, Korean and Miao, accounting for 0.6% of the total population of the province.

Among them, *** has the largest number, nearly 460,000, which is the main minority in Shandong.

Ethnic minorities mainly live in the western and northern regions of Shandong and the central and southern mountainous areas of Shandong.

There are more than 1 million religious people in the province, including 420,000 ethnic minorities who believe in *** religion.

More than 420 temples and churches have been opened, and 2,365 places for religious activities have been opened.

There are more than 4,000 religious professionals.

The main religious festivals include Gulbang Festival, the traditional annual festival of the *** religion, and Christmas Day for those who believe in Christianity.

The main traditional folk festivals most valued by Shandong people are the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival.

History The discovery of the famous Yiyuan Ape Man proves that as early as 400,000 to 500,000 years ago, in the middle of the Cenozoic Pleistocene, the Shandong region was the cradle of ancient human existence and reproduction.

About 6,000 years ago, the Dawenkou culture of the Neolithic Age appeared in Shandong.

About 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, the Longshan culture was born here, indicating that there was already a more developed agriculture and handicrafts.

According to the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, Huang Di, Yan Di, **** Gong, Taiyuan, Shao Hao, Tang Yao, Yu Shun and so on, all lived in Shandong for a long time.

After the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Zhou Emperor chose the most competent ministers to rule this region, the Duke of Zhou was sealed in Lu, and Jiang Taigong was sealed in Qi.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Qi relied on Guan Zhong's reforms, enriched the country and strengthened the army, and dominated the world, and was the most politically, economically, and culturally developed place in China at that time.

Shandong as the name of administrative division appeared in the Jin Dynasty.

The Yuan Dynasty set up Shandong Province, and the Ming Dynasty set up Shandong Province, forming a roughly the same territory as today's Shandong Province.

The name Shandong Province was officially introduced in the Qing Dynasty, and has been used ever since.

Natural resources Shandong Province is one of the most important natural resources in China.

As many as 128 kinds of mineral resources have been discovered, and 74 kinds of reserves have been proved, of which more than 30 kinds of reserves are among the top 10 in China.

The Victory Oilfield is the second largest oil base in China, with an annual extraction capacity of 33.5 million tons, and part of the extraction area of the Zhongyuan Oilfield is also in Shandong.

The province's predicted coal reserves are about 268 billion tons, and the area of the coal reserves is 50,000 square kilometers.

Shandong is also China's largest gold and sea salt production base, with annual output ranking first in the country.

Shandong's natural conditions are relatively favorable, and it has been one of China's important agricultural areas since ancient times.

The plains and hills of the province are all grain-producing areas, producing wheat, corn, groundnuts, soybeans, rice and so on.

The total grain output ranks second in China after Sichuan Province.

Shandong's cash crops are mainly cotton, peanuts, roasted tobacco and hemp four categories.

Cotton production ranks first in the country, peanut production accounts for about 40% of the country's exports accounted for more than 90%, also ranked first.

Roasted tobacco production ranks fourth in the country, is one of the five major tobacco transfer province, a variety of hemp planting area and production also ranked first in the country.

Shandong has many types of vegetables, the main vegetables are melons, root vegetables, leafy vegetables, cauliflower, stem vegetables, fruit vegetables and beans, such as 7 categories, about 60 kinds of.

Many of these varieties are famous vegetables, such as Jiaozhou cabbage, Cangshan garlic, Zhangqiu onions, Laiwu ginger and so on.

Fruits accounted for a quarter of the country's total output, Yantai apples, Laiyang pears, Feicheng peaches, Leling jujubes, Pindu Dazeshan grapes, Taiyi hawthorn are very popular in domestic and international markets.

Aquatic products such as prawns, sea cucumbers, scallops, abalone have high output and good quality.

Local specialties include Boshan tofu box, Dezhou five-spice off-bone steak chicken, Dezhou watermelon, Yellow River carp, Gaji fish, Taishan red scale fish, Mingshui fragrant rice, Longkou vermicelli, Yantai red wine, Tsingtao Beer, Laoshan mineral water, Dong'a Gum, and Weifang kites.

Economy In 1993, the province's GDP was 270.249 billion yuan.

Twenty-three counties (cities) entered the ranks of the top 100 counties in the national rural comprehensive strength .

The number of counties (cities and districts) with revenues of more than 100 million yuan grew to 29, and a number of townships and villages with industrial and agricultural output values of more than 1 billion yuan and more than 100 million yuan emerged in the province.

Opening up to the outside world continues to expand, included in the open area of Shandong Peninsula, there are seven prefectural-level cities, 53 counties (cities, districts), area, population accounted for 40% of the province.

Qingdao built a bonded area.

By the end of 1992, the number of foreign-invested enterprises had reached 5,844, with contracted foreign investment amounting to 5.4 billion U.S. dollars, and actual foreign investment of 1.54 billion U.S. dollars.

Overseas enterprises have developed to 120, and have established economic and trade relations with more than 160 countries and regions.

A large number of key projects such as Qilu 300,000 tons of ethylene, Yanzhou-Shijiang Railway, Shishu Port (later renamed Rizhao Port), Weifang Soda Ash Plant, and Huanghuang-Jiqing have been built successively.

All the cities and districts opened the program-controlled telephone, the initial formation of a well-connected communications network.

By February 1996, the province's 21.94 million farmers have been fully connected to electricity.

Convenient transportation, the formation of Jinan as the center, the railroad as the backbone of the well-connected transportation network.

The Beijing-Shanghai and Jiao-Jinan Railways meet in Jinan, forming the main artery of the province's transportation; the Blue Yantai Railway connects Yantai and Qingdao's two major ports; and there are also the Shide, Yanzhou-Shijiang and Xinyan Railways and some branch lines to the mining areas.

The sea transportation is well developed, mainly in Qingdao, Yantai, Shishu Port, Weihai, Longkou, Yangjiaogou and other ports.

Aviation to Jinan as the center, can be Beijing, Nanjing, Shanghai, Hefei, Shenyang and other places.

Science and technology, culture, education, health and other social programs have made great progress.

There are 70 radio stations, 34 television stations, TV coverage reached more than 80%.

During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, Shandong is embarking on the construction of two major cross-century projects, one of which is the development of the Yellow River Delta.

The Yellow River Delta is one of China's three major deltas, which started late compared to the Pearl River and Yangtze River deltas, where oil resources are the world's major deltas in the richest.

Salt brine resources are inexhaustible, here will be integrated development, comprehensive development, oil production, petrochemicals, saline industry and agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries-oriented export-oriented economic base.

Another cross-century project is the construction of "sea Shandong".

Shandong has a coastline of 3,000 kilometers, and the density of coastal ports is the highest in China, of which seven are open to the public.

Shandong's marine industry ranked third in China in 1993, and will have greater development in the future.

Sights and Monuments There are more than 2,200 cultural relics and monuments identified in the province, among which are the Shanwang National Nature Reserve and the historical and cultural city of Qufu.

The province now preserves more than 11,000 square meters of monumental inscriptions and Han pictorial stone carvings of the past dynasties.

Shandong has beautiful natural scenery and more than 200 tourist spots.

The main attractions are: ① Mount Tai.

Located in the middle of Shandong, near the Beijing-Shanghai Railway, the main peak is 1545 meters above sea level.

The mountain is majestic, the peaks are abrupt and steep, the scenery is magnificent and unusual, so there are five mountains known as the only one.

② Qufu City.

Located in the southeastern part of the mountain, it is a famous historical and cultural city in China, and the hometown of Confucius, an ancient Chinese thinker and educator.

Most famous are the Confucius Temple, Confucius Mansion and Confucius Forest.

③ Penglai Pavilion.

In Penglai City, 1 kilometer north of the city near the sea steeply rising Danya Hill.

About the creation of the Song Jiayou six years (1061), the Ming Dynasty expansion, the Qing Dynasty renovation .

15 meters high, hanging eaves octagonal, around the corridor.

④ Liu Gong Island.

Located in Weihai Bay, 2.1 nautical miles from the city wharf, for the city of Weihai sea natural barrier.

Area 20 square kilometers.

A map of Shandong Province and a table of administrative divisions can be found below: