Is there a difference between Yin Qing in Sichuan and Qin Shu in Shandong?

In the early days of Yin Qing, Sichuan, it was called "singing ditty" and "singing minor tune", and it was also called "singing Qin Yue" or "singing pipa" because artists played Qin Yue or pipa themselves when singing. It was named "Yin Qing, Sichuan" only after 1950s. Singing in Sichuan dialect is popular in cities and rural areas with Chengdu as the center, as well as land and water docks along the Yangtze River.

Yin Qing in Sichuan developed from the tunes of Ming and Qing Dynasties and Sichuan folk songs. Music is very rich, 100 more than a tune. Such as [Zhao tune], [Back tune], [Jujube pole tune], [Horsehead tune], [Overlapping broken bridge], [Small pink], [Yinniu Temple], [Plum blossom fall] and so on. The vocal structure of music can be divided into two categories: Qupai and Banqiang. There are two kinds of board cavity: "Han tune" and "anti-Xipi". The traditional singing method is to sit, that is, put one or two square tables, with the singer sitting facing the audience, the lead singer in the center (mostly female artists), and the pianist sitting on the left and right sides of the lead singer, with Qin Yue, pipa or sanxian on the left and a bowl piano, erhu or small huqin on the right. This way is mainly sung in teahouses and libraries, but also on the street or in hotels and inns. After the mid-Qing Dynasty, there were many artists in Yin Qing, Sichuan, and there was a scene of "singing Qin Yue in the streets and lanes, and the teahouse and hotel were full".

Besides professional artists, there are many amateurs in Yin Qing, Sichuan, who are called "playmates". They can not only sing, but also play the pipa or Qin Yue. Some of them play quite well. There are also some playmate organizations in Yin Qing, which have promoted the development of Yin Qing art in Sichuan. In 1950s and 1960s, Yin Qing in Sichuan entered the theater, and the form of sitting singing was gradually replaced by standing singing. Instead, the actors beat bamboo drums and sang on the board, accompanied by small bands. The musical instruments are Pipa, Gao Hu, Erhu and Zhonghu. The accompanist plays a supporting role and participates in the chorus. Traditional operas in Yin Qing, Sichuan are very rich, including Zhao Jun leaving the castle, nuns going down the mountain, broken bridges, Dai Yu burning manuscripts and flying kites. Modern plays include cuckoo cooing and June 6th.

Formerly known as "Singing Pipa" and "Singing Qin Yue". In 1930s, Yin Qing Professional Trade Union was established in Chengdu, which was later renamed as Yin Qing Music Reform Association, now known as Yin Qing. Yin Qing, Sichuan, developed from the folk songs in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, belongs to the art form of Quyi rap, with rich and beautiful vocals. So far, there are 8 major, 100 minor and more than 200 arias. Stories and legends are the main theme in major, and popular folk songs and other tunes in Sichuan are used in minor. Accompaniment instruments include pipa, erhu, bamboo drum and sandalwood. Among them, the bamboo drum is the accompaniment instrument of Yin Qing, Sichuan. During the performance, the actress sang solo, playing the bamboo drum with her right hand, playing the sandalwood board with her left hand, and singing alone. In recent years, Long song, such as White Lotus Girl, has been sung, in which confession is embedded, and verse and prose are sung alternately. Yin Qing in Sichuan is divided into Shanghe School and Xiahe School. Chengdu's "provincial tune" belongs to Shanghe school, and its singing is light, delicate and mellow. There is a unique jumping continuous singing method-"haha tune". Li is a famous cantata artist, and he has a deep understanding of "Ha ha Qiang". Her sweet voice and soft and euphemistic singing style were known as "Zhou Xuan of Chengdu" as early as 1940s. Representative plays in Yin Qing, Sichuan include Flying a Kite, Broken Bridge, Qiu Jiang, Embroidering Lotus Flowers, Huang Jiguang, Hua Ben and so on. ?

China Quyi is popular in the lower reaches of the abandoned Yellow River in Henan, Jiangsu and Anhui, south of Hebei, and some cities and counties in the northeast centered on Jiaxiang, Juye and Dingtao. It has a history of about 200 years. Qin Shu, formerly known as dulcimer, also known as dulcimer and ditty singer, was formed in the early years of Qianlong. In the early days, it was a banker's game (also called game) for farmers to entertain themselves in their leisure time. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, famous artists came forth in large numbers, divided into three roads: South Road, North Road and East Road. South Road is the earliest, represented by you, and it is called Confucianism. There is no need to skillfully adjust the tune, emphasize stress and pronunciation, and aria is more cynical. North Road School is Deng School represented by Deng Jiuru, who makes good use of dialect slang, sees humor in simplicity and seeks charm in simplicity; East Road is a business school represented by commercial behavior, with beautiful singing and rich changes.

In the process of development, influenced by local languages and customs, three schools, Dongluan, Beilu and Lu Nan, have gradually formed. I don't want to name it, such as Tang Yexing claiming to improve the dulcimer; Deng Jiuru civilized dulcimer. Until 1933, when Deng Jiuru was broadcasting on Tianjin Radio Station, he was named Shandong Qinshu Zhijin.

About 100 years ago, farmers in the northern part of Guangrao County (called Le 'an in ancient times) fled everywhere because of their livelihood. Many people carry musical instruments such as playing the piano and cricket board with them, mainly singing short songs from piano books, or making up some interesting stories and performing them while singing. In the long-term wandering career, they also constantly absorbed traditional Chinese opera singing and folk tunes to enrich themselves. About 1896 years ago, two brothers, Zhang Lantian and Zhang Zhitian from Dongzhai Village, went to Fengyang, Anhui Province to learn from their teachers. The local popular (Fengyang Song) strongly promoted the development of singing art books. In order to attract more audiences and increase income, artists are constantly exploring new art forms. Artists who are good at singing have gradually formed their own singing characteristics in long-term practice. For example, Shang Xing, an artist from Xishang Village, Guangrao County, and his wife Guan have been singing in Yantai and Qingdao for a long time, becoming the representatives of Donglu; Artists who are good at character performance are committed to exploring new forms of expression. Shi Dianyuan, Cui Xinyue and Tan Minglun. It is the result of this exploration to change "Wang Xiao Catch Feet" into singing in costume.

Nearly a hundred years ago, the artist Shi Dianyuan successfully auditioned Wang Xiao's "Catch Feet", originally called "Donkey Play". Shi Dianyuan (1963- 1948), also known as Shi Yalan, was born in Guangrao County, the founder of makeup dulcimer and one of the founders of donkey show. He learned to sing dulcimer since childhood and was good at playing clowns. Began to play the donkey play "Wang Xiao Catch the Foot". During the Dian Yuan performance, played two girls, painted the donkey with paper (later changed to cloth), tied it around Cui's waist with belts respectively, pretending to be two girls riding the donkey; When Dian Yuan wore a shabby felt hat, a white apron around his waist and a whip in his hand, he slapped white ashes between his nose and eyes, disguised himself as a little girl's face, pretended to be Wang Xiao, and waved a whip to drive a donkey. Play with harpsichord, dulcimer, sanxian, flute, banjo and other instruments. They sang as they walked, which made Wang Xiao, who had been singing for many years, come to life at once and was very popular with the masses. The donkey show soon spread. The above proves that the emergence of donkey drama is an organic combination of mass art activities and rap art, and it is also a turning point in the development of Lu drama.

Formally speaking, Qin Shu belongs to Quyi in the form of sitting singing. When singing, sit in a figure of eight, with the dulcimer in the middle and other instruments on both sides. The actors each held musical instruments and sang by themselves. In the development of the story, singers mostly appear in roles, and there is a division of labor between life, Dan and ugliness. The characters created have a strong three-dimensional sense. It itself is the evolution to drama, which is pregnant with internal factors. So, inspired by the popular makeup performance of Catch the Feet, Dian Yuan and others gradually included three small programs: Standing on the Flower Wall, Blue Bridge Meeting, Deng Yun Divorcing His Wife, Red Luan Xi, Monk Ding Sweeping the Snow, Picking up the Jade Bracelet and Wang Ding in the piano book. Fengyang songs gradually evolved into the basic plate of Lu Opera-[Siping Tune]. Because the play mostly reflects the love and family theories of young ladies, sons, daughters-in-law, in-laws and other men and women, the plot is realistic and full of local flavor, so it is very popular with the masses. Therefore, many artists who sing and sit (in Qin Shu, Shandong Province) have changed to small plays, which are circulated in Jiaodong and Lubei areas, such as the jumping skin play in Penglai and Yexian, and the mystery play in Jiyang area. The wider the spread, the more names there are. Some say it is called stroke play, because the main accompaniment instrument is the piano, and when it is pulled, the strings are plucked up and down with four fingers; Some say it is called Lu opera, which means it belongs to the hometown opera of the neighborhood; Others say that because artists go out to work, they are all from the same village and family, or even a family or a couple, so they are called Lu Opera.

Qin Shu is a folk ditty choir with more than 200 ditties. When Qin Shu was the most popular, more than 300 kinds of tunes were sung and played, among which [Shanghe Tune], [Fengyang Tune] and [Plum Blossom Fall] were the most commonly used. Dulcimer is the main musical instrument. Traditional plays can be divided into three categories: Paiziqu, novella and novel. Paiziqu was formed earlier, including all the White Snake Biography. Novellas are the most representative in Shandong Qin books, including 70 ~ 80 novels such as Debit and Sanshou by Wang. Most novels are transplanted and adapted, such as The Romance of the Three Kingdoms by He 'an. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Qin Shu, Shandong Province, had a new development and became a major school popular in the north and south of the country.

The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20th, 2006, Quyi was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.