Four famous academies in the history of China.

The four major academies in China are Yingtian Academy (now south lakeside of Suiyang District in Shangqiu, Henan Province), Yuelu Academy (now Yuelu Mountain in Changsha, Hunan Province), Songyang Academy (now Dengfeng Songshan Mountain in Zhengzhou, Henan Province) and Bailudong Academy (now Lushan Mountain in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province).

1. Yingtian Academy is one of the four ancient academies, with early origin, large scale, long duration and numerous talents. Therefore, the History of Song Dynasty records: "The study of Song Dynasty began in Shangqiu". 65438-0998, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications held the launching ceremony of stamps of four major academies in Shangqiu.

Yingtianfu Academy, namely Yingtian Academy and Suiyang Academy, formerly known as Du Nan Academy, was founded by Yang Yun, a Shangqiu native in the last five generations of Jin Dynasty. It is located in Nanhu, the ancient city of Shangqiu, a national 4A scenic spot in Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province. It is one of the four famous ancient academies in China. In the second year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1009), Song Zhenzong officially awarded Yingtian Academy, and in the first year of Song Renzong Jingyou (1034), Yingtian Academy was changed into an official school, and Yingtianfu Academy also changed accordingly. In the third year of Li Qing (1043), it was changed to Nanjing (the capital of Northern Song Dynasty, now Shangqiu, Henan Province) and imperial academy. At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, most of the academies were located in mountain resorts, but Yingtian Academy was located in a bustling downtown area with a lot of talents. With the participation of Yan Shu and Fan Zhongyan, Yingtian Academy gradually developed into the most influential academy in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is the only ancient academy upgraded to imperial academy and one of the four major academies in the Northern Song Dynasty.

2. Yuelu Academy is located at the foot of Yuelu Mountain, the last peak of the 72nd Nanyue in Changsha City, Hunan Province. It is the best preserved ancient academy in China. Now it is one of the main attractions of Changsha cultural tourism.

Yuelu Academy was founded in the early years of Northern Song Dynasty.

In the sixth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (973), Zhu Dong took Shangshu as the secretariat of Tanzhou. In view of the numerous temples under Huang Bao Cave in Yuelu Mountain in Changsha and the quiet environment, he accepted Liu Ao's suggestion and founded Yuelu Academy on the basis of the original monastery. The newly established college is divided into five lecture halls and fifty-two dormitories, in which the lecture hall is the place where teachers give lectures and the lent hall is the place where students usually study and stay. The pattern of Yuelu Academy has a lecture hall in the middle and a series of houses in the east and west, which has been passed down to this day. There are 5 lecture halls and 52 study rooms. In the second year of Song Taizong Xianping (999), Li Yun was appointed as the secretariat of Tanzhou. On the one hand, he continued to expand the scale of the academy, adding libraries and "auditorium" (also known as "Confucius Hall"), and "sculpting ten philosophers and painting seventy-two sages"; On the one hand, actively strive for the court's support for Yuelu's learning, so as to promote the greater development of the academy. In the fourth year of Xianping (100 1), the imperial court presented books to Yuelu Academy for the first time, including Confucian classics such as Shuowen Jiezi, Yijing, Shiji, Jade and Tang Yun. At that time, the official number of college students was more than 60, which laid the basic pattern of the college. Song Zhenzong Dazhong Xiangfu has been in office for five years (10 12). After Zhou Shi, a scholar, took charge of Yuelu Academy as the head of the mountain, the academy developed rapidly, and the enrollment increased to 100. Zhou Shi himself was summoned and encouraged by Song Zhenzong. , given the name "Yuelu Academy", so "the academy is famous all over the world, the drums are endless, and the hall is not simple". By the Southern Song Dynasty, Yuelu Academy reached its peak.

3. Songyang Academy, located at the southern foot of Songshan Mountain, 2.5 kilometers north of Dengfeng City, Henan Province, is backed by Ji Junfeng and faces Shuangxi River. Because it is located in the sun of Songshan Mountain, it is named Songyang Academy. Founded in the eighth year of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 484), it is called Songyang Temple. In the Tang Dynasty, it was changed to Songyang Temple, and in the Five Dynasties it was changed to Taishi Academy. Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, founders of Neo-Confucianism "Luoxue" in Song Dynasty, both gave lectures at Songyang Academy, and since then Songyang Academy has become one of the birthplaces of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Academy was destroyed by soldiers, and was rebuilt by Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty.

Songyang Academy has been supplemented and repaired many times from generation to generation, and its scale has gradually formed and its layout has become increasingly strict. The organizational system of the academy is simple, elegant and generous.

4. Bailudong Academy is the first of the four academies in Song Dynasty, and it is also known as "the first academy in China". Its founder can be traced back to Li Bo in the Tang Dynasty, but it was established by Zhu in the Southern Song Dynasty. Bailudong Academy is located at the foot of Houping Mountain (Bailu Town, Xing Zi County) in the south of Wulaofeng, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. There are Zuoyi Mountain in the west, Zhuo'er Mountain in the south, three mountains around the platform, and a flowing water (Guandaoxi). Without the noise of the market, there is the victory of Chunshi. The hospital has a mountainous area of 3,000 mu and a building area of 3,800 square meters. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, it is quiet and quiet, and it is a national key cultural relics protection unit.