What is the origin of Jiang's surname?

Jiang surname is the 50th most populous surname in China, especially in Lu Yu and Northeast China. Today, Jiang's population accounts for about 0.37% of the national population, with a total population of about 4.6 million.

Name and totem of ginger: Ginger is a kind of domestic animal. In ancient times, sheep were offered as sacrifices to gods and ancestors. Extended to auspiciousness. Ginger is a hieroglyph, just like the shape of a sheep's head and its four legs and tail. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, "Jiang" and "Qiang" are similar in configuration, and they are both special words related to sheep. A clan with sheep as its totem was later called Qiang people. Notes in Shuowen: The male Qiang is Qiang and the female Qiang is Jiang. It can be seen that the original meaning of ginger is female Qiang people. As the oldest surname in China, this "Jiang" also reflects a trace that the surname originated from the ancient matriarchal society. The places and rivers where Jiang people live for a long time or often graze are called harmony, and finally the surname "Jiang" appears.

The origin and evolution of Jiang surname;

Jiang is from Shennong. According to legend, Shaodian married a girl from Gaos, named Shen Nong. Yan Di was born in the west of Qishan County, Shaanxi Province today, because his surname is Jiang. Sun Boyi, the descendant of Emperor Yan, was named Taiyue. At the time of crisis, he assisted Yu in water control and was sealed in Lu (now Nanyang West, Henan Province). Boyi was the founding ancestor of Lu Hou, and later he was given the surname Jiang for offering sacrifices to Emperor Yan. After Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, at the end of Shang Dynasty, Lu Ga, a descendant of Lu, also known as Jiang Ziya and King Taigong, helped destroy the Shang Dynasty, and was sealed in Qi at the beginning of Zhou Dynasty, which was an important vassal state in the eastern part of Zhou Dynasty. Since Xia and Shang Dynasties, the descendants of Yan Emperor Jiang's surname have been from more than a dozen countries such as Qi, Lu, Xu and Shen in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. Because Jiang originated in the northwest plateau, he stayed in Baoji and Longxian, Shaanxi, and was called Jiang Rong in Rongdi. Later, it gradually moved eastward, and moved to southern Shanxi in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. Qi is the most powerful descendant of Jiang. By the middle of the Warring States period, it was destroyed by Tian, and the descendants were scattered, either because of the surname Qi or because of the surname Jiang. Jiang's surname has a history of more than 5,000 years, and as a surname, it began after the demise of Qi, at least for more than 2,300 years.

Integration of foreign genes:

Another surnamed Jiang comes from a foreign family. After entering the Han, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were wars in the north, frequent regime changes, people in the Central Plains fled south, and foreigners entered North China. Incidents of foreign genes flowing into the Han people in the north continue to occur, and the consanguinity of foreigners surnamed Jiang in the north mainly occurred after the Western Han Dynasty. The most important events are as follows: in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the surname Jiang of Wu in Liang State was the most common surname of Di nationality; Shu in Yongzhou in the Northern Wei Dynasty also had a surname of Jiang. In the Northern Song Dynasty, there was also a Jiang surname among the Qiang people in Tuguhun. Manchu people in Qing Dynasty were surnamed Jiang and lived in Shenyang. They first came from the Han people and entered Manchu. In the Qing Dynasty, they gradually became the Han people named Jiang in the northeast. In addition, all Jiang Jiazong clans and one Zhang clan collectively changed their surname to Jiang in the Eight Banners of Manchu Dynasty. Therefore, the number of Jiang surnames added by foreigners in contemporary Han nationality may far exceed that of the original Yan emperor. Jiang surname is one of the oldest surnames in China and one of the surnames with the most foreign elements.

The distribution and migration of Jiang surname in history;

Pre-Qin period. Jiang mainly lives in Gansu and Shandong. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the surname Jiang had developed into a big family in the east of Hanguguan in Lingbao, Henan. As a result, the Kanto family moved westward and became rich in Guanzhong, and then a famous family named Jiang was formed in Tianshui. During the Three Kingdoms and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the surname Jiang had spread in Qinchuanlong, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, but its population center of gravity was still in Shaanxi and Shandong. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the surname Jiang entered Fujian and Guangdong. In the Qing Dynasty, due to the migration from Shandong, the comprehensive sinicization of the Eight Banners of Manchu Dynasty and the use of Han surnames, the surname of Jiang in Northeast China developed rapidly and suddenly emerged. Finally, three Chiang's gathering areas were formed: Sichuan in the west, Shandong in the east and Northeast China.

In the Song Dynasty, there were about 6.5438+million people surnamed Jiang, accounting for 0.654.38+03% of the national population, ranking behind 1 10. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Shandong, Zhejiang, Henan and Guangdong, among which the surname Jiang accounts for about 80% of the total population, followed by Shanxi, Anhui, Jiangxi and Jiangsu provinces. Shandong is the largest province with Jiang surname, accounting for 43% of the total population. Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong have formed three major population gathering areas in China.

During the Ming Dynasty, there were about 260,000 people surnamed Jiang, accounting for 0.27% of the national population, and it was the 79th surname in the Ming Dynasty. During the 600 years of Song Yuanming, the net population growth rate was 20%, and the population growth of Jiang surname far exceeded the national population growth rate. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Zhejiang, Shandong and Jiangsu, with Jiang's surname accounting for about 58% of the total population, followed by Shaanxi, Fujian and Jiangxi, and Jiang's surname is concentrated 19%. The population of Jiang surname in Zhejiang province accounts for about 26% of the total population of Jiang surname, and it is the largest province of Jiang surname. The population movement of Jiang surname in China moved from north to southeast, and the center of Jiang surname drifted from north to southeast, forming two gathering centers of Jiang surname in Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Shandong.

Distribution and atlas of contemporary Jiang surname;

The population of contemporary Jiang surname has reached more than 4.6 million, which is the 50th surname in China, accounting for about 0.37% of the national population. In the 600 years since the Ming Dynasty, the population of Jiang has increased from more than 250,000 to more than 4.6 million, an increase of more than 18 times. The population growth rate of Jiang is much higher than that of the whole country. Since the Song Dynasty, the population of Jiang surname has been rising in a straight line during the period of 1000. At present, the distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Shandong, Henan, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and Jilin, and the six provinces account for about 57% of the total population of the river. Secondly, it is distributed in Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan, Hebei and Zhejiang, and the Jiang surname in these five provinces is concentrated by 22%. Shandong is the largest province with Jiang surname, accounting for about 1 1% of the total population of Jiang surname. The whole country has formed two areas inhabited by the surname Jiang, namely, Lu Yu in the east and three provinces in the northeast. In the past 600 years, the degree and direction of population movement in Jiang were very different from those in Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. The migration from southeast to central China, north China and west China is very strong, and the migration to northeast has become an important flow direction.

The schematic diagram of the distribution frequency of Jiang's surname in the population (see Figure 50) shows that in the three northeastern provinces, eastern Inner Mongolia and eastern Shandong, the proportion of Jiang's surname in the local population is generally above 0.88%, and it can reach above 2.4% in the central region. The coverage area of the above areas accounts for 13.7% of the total land area, accounting for about 43% of the population of the river. In most of Shandong, eastern Hebei, Beijing-Tianjin region, most of Henan and Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, northern Hunan, Jiangxi and Fujian, northern Guangxi, Guizhou, western Sichuan, southeastern Chongqing, southwestern Gansu and southeastern Qinghai, the distribution ratio of Jiang's surname among the local population is between 0.29% and 0.58%, and its coverage area accounts for18.9 of the total land area.

Traditional culture of Jiang surname;

The county name and the hall number Jiang surname are mainly Tianshui. The important hall names of Jiang surname are He Bin. The hall number of Jiaqing was named Shennong. Legend has it that Shennong's parishioners grow crops, which was called Jiaqing in ancient times. Shen Nong took Jiang as his surname, so he took it as his Tang name to commemorate Shen Nong's merits. "Weibin" hall number. From Jiang Ziya. At the end of Shang Dynasty, Jiang Ziya lived in seclusion on the edge of Weihe River with ambition, hooked up and fished, and waited for the British master. Zhou Wenwang visited Xian Liang, met Jiang Ziya by the Weihe River, and asked him to be the prime minister. Jiang Ziya helped Zhou destroy the Shang Dynasty and started the inheritance of the Zhou family for 800 years. Later generations took Weibin as the hall name.

There are five important couplets of Jiang surname:

Filial piety and leaping horse carp; Track the sheep.

Pingjiang security; Baige

Out of the suburbs, the emperor and the princess are martial arts; Yongxiang waits for sin, and after a week, he is called a sage.

Lonely and loyal to the sky, Mao Mao's performance is in Long Fu; Filial piety is god, and the magical spirit is in carp.

The sky is orderly, and I used to enjoy the long beach music; The water source is Wei, and the bamboo forest is fragrant today.

Jiang, Jia Xun, was born in Cixi, Zhejiang Province in the Qing Dynasty. He is proficient in writing and calligraphy, especially cursive script. At the age of 70, he was admitted as a scholar, an official and a Shuntian examiner. With his own experience and perseverance, he asked his children to study, study for a long time, and learn when they are old. His article "On Reading with My Nephew" is the most representative. He stressed: "There is no need to study much, but Li Yan's courses will not stop, accumulate over time and never forget."